Natural Products Laboratory Research Articles

Isolation of trymiristin from Myristica fragrans for natural product chemistry laboratory

This study aims generated natural products chemistry project laboratory for student in order to isolation trymiristin from Myristica fragrans. The skill of isolating trimyristin will be useful for students to obtain natural whitening raw materials derived from nutmeg. Various studies on the isolation can be used in natural products laboratory project. Students are directed to study literature related to trymiristin isolation procedures. Students practice skills of extraction, fractionation, purification, and structure elucidation of trymiristin. They were asked to design the laboratory activities. Manipulation of the liquor by soxhletation and recrystallization techniques proved to be a simple method to isolate trymiristin in low resource laboratory setting. The trymiristin was treated with structure elucidation NMR and infrared spectrometry. The laboratory method, comprising for 3 hours laboratory sessions, was a simple way for the students to understand the process of isolating trymiristin.

Antioxidant Activity of Some Spices and Their Two Traditional Mixture Named Ras el Hanout Used in Northwestern of Algeria

Aims: Our study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ten spices in the composition of two spice blends named Ras el Hanout I and Ras el Hanout II. The spices studied are Alpinia officinarum, Cinnamomum cassia, Carum carvi, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma domestica, Foeniculum vulgare, Piper cubeba, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, mixtures were prepared well defined measures.
 Place and of Study: Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biology, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Department of Biology, Tlemcen.
 Methodology: The contents of polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. The antioxidant activities were determined in vitro through trapping evaluation tests of the free radical DPPH and iron reduction (FRAP). The dried crude extracts of spices were prepared in a water-methanol mixture.
 Results: Yields vary considerably from one spice to another with values ranging between 4.01% for Coriandrum sativum and 12.26% for Cuminum cyminum. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the scavenging of free radical DPPH and the iron reduction method (FRAP) showed that our extracts have an antioxidant potential. The extract of Cinnamomum cassia has better reducing capability of iron in comparison to all other spices and even compared with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. Also, a stronger free radical scavenging activity was observed compared to that of ascorbic acid and BHA. On the other hand, the concentration which inhibits the 50% effect free radical DPPH is equal to 0.15±0.035 mg / mL for Ras el Hanout I and 0.51±0.07 mg / mL for Ras el Hanout II but which remains higher than that of 0.09±0.05mg /mL ascorbic acid.
 Conclusion: This study demonstrated that crude extracts of spices exhibit (individually and as a mix) significant antioxidant activity.

Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Plant-derived Chemotherapeutic Agents

Plants have long served as traditional herbal medicines, and natural products make excellent leads for new drug development. New plant-derived medicines can come from three sources: single active principles, active fractions, and validated prescriptions. Conventionally, for single active compounds, lead discovery and drug development involve highly efficient bio- activity-directed fractionation and isolation (BDFI) coupled with structural characterization, analog synthesis, and mechanism of action studies. Today, new scientific technologies, includ- ing tissue culture and biological screening methods, continue to improve this process. For multi-component herbal prescriptions, standardization and quality control, including GAP (Good Agricultural Practice), GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and GCP (Good Clinical Practice), must be performed to guarantee high quality and consistency. In addition, reliable chemical, pharmacological, as well as drug administration, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxi- cological (ADMET) studies are needed to validate herbal efficacy and safety. This talk will discuss the principles listed above, particularly focusing on the successful development of anti- cancer and anti-HIV clinical trials candidates from numerous bioactive compounds discovered in the author's Natural Products Laboratory. Continued exploration of under -investigated plant species should guarantee bright prospects for sustained discovery and development of new medicines for this century.

Evaluation of Mango Peel Extracts on the in vitro Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Development

Aims: To evaluate the in vitro effect of mango peel extracts using different types of solvent and concentrations on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides development.
 Study Design: Activities were aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal potential of mango peel extracts.
 Study Location and duration: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology of Fruits and Vegetables - State University of Montes Claros and Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry - Federal University of Lavras during October and December 2018.
 Methodology: ‘Palmer’ mango peel (Mangifera indica) was submitted to drying in oven and grinding. Subsequently, extracts were obtained in Soxhlet system, using methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents. The three extracts were tested in vitro at concentrations of 0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL by adding them in culture medium against C. gloeosporioides, which was isolated from mango fruits with anthracnose symptoms. The effect of extracts and their respective concentrations on the mycelial growth rate and conidia production and germination was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates.
 Results: Increased extract concentrations caused reduction in the mycelial growth rate of the pathogen (R2 = 0.96). Both factors under study acted simultaneously in conidia production (P < 0.05), and the hexane extract presented better results for this analyzed variable. There was total germination inhibition (P < 0.05) when 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate extract and 2 mg/mL methanol and hexane extracts were used.
 Conclusion: Methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate mango peel extracts had inhibitory effect on the in vitro C. gloeosporioides development.

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant properties of organic extracts obtained from Cynoglossum cheirifolium L.

The valorization of the local flora is the goal of the laboratory of Natural Products from the University of Tlemcen (Algeria). In this work, we report the scientific study of a medicinal plant Cynoglossum cheirifolium L. The crude methanol and tannin extracts of C. cheirifolium were preliminary analyzed for their phenolic contents (total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins). These extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using different methods. The results showed that crude methanolic extract of the leaves part revealed high phenolic (134.93 ± 9.76 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g Dry Weigth), flavonoid (99.99 ± 0.72 mg Catechin Equivalent/g Dry Weigth) and condensed tannin contents (1.65 ± 0.05 mg Catechin Equivalent/g Dry Weigth). Furthermore, the results obtained from the study of the antioxidant activity showed that tannin extract of stems displayed the highest DPPH• scavenging ability with the inhibition concentration of 50% (IC50) value of 70 ± 1 μg/mL, it was comparable to the Vitamin E with an IC50 value of 60 ± 1 μg/mL. The vitamin E concentration required to reduce the ferric iron was lower (242 ± 6 μg/mL) than tannins extracted from leaves (214 ± 4 μg/mL). Hence, using an RP-HPLC-PDA (Reverse Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-PhotoDiode Array Detector) analysis, it was possible to identify phenolic acids and flavonoid like rutin; naringenin; rosmarinic acid; sinapic acid; p-coumaric acid; ferulic acid; caffeic acid and syringic acid.

Magnesia Research on Treatments for the De-Acidification of Info-Documentary Collections from Libraries, Archives and Museums: Case Studies

The scientific concern of the authors is part of the project entitled: “The research, testing and using in the laboratory of natural products presenting significant impacts for de-acidification of paper collections“, an ambitious, original scientific project with perspective steps in ecological development and application of technological, clean lines, about the info- documents de-acidification for paper from libraries, museums and archives. Testing the natural products in pure chemical structures or composite structure (structure-blending) and obtaining of the stable chemical formula of the product is the first phase of the project which will check several products with destabilizing effects of hydrogen ions in the structure of the paper.

An Analysis In-vitro of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Annona muricata L. Seed and Pulp

1 Faculty of Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Central University of Venezuela, Postal code 1041-A, Postal zip 47097, Caracas, Venezuela. 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Natural Products, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. 3 Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. 4 Foundation Institute for Advanced Studies, IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela.

HPLC-NNE13CNMR coupling fingerprint analysis technology and its application in a study of Syringa pubescens Turcz and its activity against hepatic fibrosis

HPLC-NNE13CNMR coupling fingerprint analysis technology and its application in a study of Syringa pubescens Turcz and its activity against hepatic fibrosis Zhixin Zhang,1 Weiping Yin,1 Pu Liu,1 Tianzeng Zhao2 1School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China Abstract: This study describes the active ingredients of Syringa pubescens Turcz which has been identified as being able to protect against hepatic fibrosis. Here we report the characteristics of high performance liquid chromatography and non-nuclear overhauser effect carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-NNE13CNMR) technology developed for coupling fingerprint analysis. The major contribution of this new method is the development of an efficient technology and a useful tool for analysis of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine using chromatography and spectral coupling fingerprint technology. Isolation of secoiridoid glycosides and investigation of their structure-activity relationship showed that these derivatives are the active ingredients of Syringa pubescens Turcz, and account for the activity of this plant against hepatic fibrosis. The active compounds were identified as oleuropein, 10-hydroxyoleuropein, oleoside-11-methylester, (8Z)-ligstroside, and echinacoside by HPLC-NNE13CNMR coupling fingerprint analysis. A concentration-response relationship was also demonstrated for the HPLC-NNE13CNMR coupling fingerprint method. Keywords: HPLC-NNE13CNMR, coupling fingerprint, hepatic fibrosis, Syringa pubescens Turcz, analysis technology

Phytochemical Studies, In-vitro Antibacterial Activities and Antioxidant Properties of the Methanolic and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of the Leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus

Aims: To conduct a study on the antibacterial activity, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties that identify the medicinal potency of medicinal plants on the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus. Antibacterial activity was determined by well diffusion method against four bacterial strains commonly associated with wound infections. Study Design: Standard Phytochemical quantitative and qualitative test, DPPH radical scavenging activity and well diffusion method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry (Natural Products Laboratory), University of Cape Coast and Department of Microbiology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana, between March 2012 and January 2013. Methodology: Standard chemical procedures were used to identify phytoconstituents present in the plant extracts. DPPH radical scavenging assay and well diffusion method were used to determine antioxidant and antibacterial activity respectively. UVspectrophotometry was employed to further quantify the phenolic and flavonoid content. Research Article International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 3(2): 137-145, 2013 138 Results: The extracts showed pronounced activity against all the bacterial strains tested. Ethyl acetate exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia while the Methanol extract exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against Citrobacter sp. All the extracts showed higher sensitivity against Gram negative bacterial strains than the Gram positive bacterial strain used in this study. Phytochemical study was performed by using standard methods. Quantitative estimation of bioactive phytoconstituents showed that the plant contains alkaloids (152.0 ± 0.1 mg/g), phenolics (1294.81 ± 3.0 mg/g), flavonoids (330.7 ± 3.0 mg/g) in the methanol extract and alkaloids (80.20 ± 0.0 mg/g), phenolics (616.5 ± 4.4 mg/g), flavonoids (202.5 ± 4.0 mg/g) in the ethyl acetate extract respectively. In similar fashion, the results from the scavenging activity against 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for both extracts were high and concentration dependent. Conclusion: The study clearly indicates that A. leiocarpus possesses significant antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against the tested wound infectious bacterial strains. Hence constituents of the plant could be studied in the aim to be used in chemotherapy.

IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii

Identification of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio eltor and Bacilus subtilis. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that S. hermanii is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant. Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii, secondary metabolites

SPICATIC ACID: A 4-CAROXYGENTISIC ACID FROM A GENTIANA SPICATA EXTRACT WITH POTENTIAL HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY

Filariasis and Dengue Fever are two mosquito-borne diseases threatening French Polynesia. The potential vectors for the transmission of these illnesses are Aedes aegypti (L.), the Yellow Fever mosquito, and A. polynesiensis Marks. A research program financed by the Ministry of Health of French Polynesia, the Establishment for Prevention and the Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Halophytes and Marine Algae was undertaken with the ultimate goal of developing improved insect repellents and lures for insect traps. This goal became even more urgent due to the threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Several natural products from terrestrial plants of French Polynesia were evaluated as spatial repellents against A. aegypti mosquitoes, using a triple cage-dual port olfactometer, and as topical repellents, using a cloth patch assay test with DEET as the positive control. The attraction of A. aegypti to L-lactic acid combined with the natural sample extracts was evaluated using the dual-port olfactometer. A total of 10 aromatic plant species have been collected by the Laboratory of Natural Products of the Institute Louis MalardA©, and these have yielded 10 Essential Oils. 4 more samples of essential oils originating from New Caledonia and Madagascar were also tested. The fine chemical composition of some repellent essential oils were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry at MalardA© and at Montpellier. Their major volatile components are still to be tested and the preliminary results are presented. Bioassays were performed with Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). This mosquito is the commonly accepted standard species for laboratory bioassays. Bioassays were conducted in randomized sample order and were distributed among the three cages of the olfactometer over three separate assay periods per day (approximately 08.00, 11.00, and 13.00 local time). Each sample was analyzed at least 3 times to improve the statistical precision of the results. The cloth patch repellency assays were conducted using 5-6 individuals to provide adequate precision of the duration and minimum effective dosage measures of the repellent efficacy.

Mosquito repellents from essential oils and crude extracts of plants of French Polynesia

Filariasis and Dengue Fever are two mosquito-borne diseases threatening French Polynesia. The potential vectors for transmission of these illnesses are Aedes aegypti (L.), the Yellow Fever mosquito, and Ae. polynesiensis Marks. A research program financed by the Ministry of Health of French Polynesia, the Establishment for Prevention and the Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Halophytes and Marine Algae was undertaken with the ultimate goal of development of improved insect repellents and lures for insect traps. This goal is made more urgent by the threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Several natural products from terrestrial plants of French Polynesia were evaluated as spatial repellents against Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using a triple cage-dual port olfactometer and as topical repellents using a „cloth patch assay“ test with DEET as the positive control. In addition, the attraction of Ae. aegypti to L-lactic acid combined with the natural sample extracts were evaluated using the dual-port olfactometer. A total of 25 plant species have been collected by the Laboratory of Natural Products of the Institute Louis Malardé, and these have yielded 9 Essential Oils and 21 crude methanolic extracts. The fine chemical composition of some repellent essential oils were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry at Malardé and at Montpellier. Their major volatile components were tested and the preliminary results are presented. Bioassays were performed with Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). This mosquito is the commonly accepted standard species for laboratory bioassays. Bioassays were conducted in with randomized sample order and distributed among the three cages of the olfactometer over three separate assay periods per day (approximately 0800, 1100, and 1300 local time). Each sample was analyzed at least times to improve the statistical precision of the results. The cloth patch repellency assays were conducted using 5–6 individuals to provide adequate precision if the duration and minimum effective dosage measures of repellent efficacy.

Corrigendum to “Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological studies of new C(4) modified salvinorin A analogues” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16 (2006) 5498–5502

David Y. W. Lee, Minsheng He, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen, Yulin Wang, Jian-Guo Li, Wei Xu, Zhongze Ma, William A. Carlezon, Jr. and Bruce Cohen* Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Temple University, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Volume 29. Bioactive Natural Products (Part J) Edited by Atta-ur-Rahman. Elsevier, New York. 2003. x + 902 pp. 16.5 × 24.5 cm. ISBN 0-444-51510-0. $410.00.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTStudies in Natural Products Chemistry. Volume 29. Bioactive Natural Products (Part J) Edited by Atta-ur-Rahman. Elsevier, New York. 2003. x + 902 pp. 16.5 × 24.5 cm. ISBN 0-444-51510-0. $410.00.Kuo-Hsiung LeeView Author Information Natural Products Laboratory School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 14, 3704Publication Date (Web):June 5, 2004Publication History Published online5 June 2004Published inissue 1 July 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm040097qCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (15 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts

Current developments in the discovery and design of new drug candidates from plant natural product leads.

This review article will emphasize recent research in the Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, on various classes of plant-derived compounds that possess potent antitumor or anti-HIV activity. These compounds were obtained by bioactivity- and mechanism of action-directed isolation and characterization coupled with rational drug design-based modification and analogue synthesis. Structural modification, SAR, and mechanism of action studies are discussed.

Lignans in treatment of cancer and other diseases†

Lignans are widely distributed in nature and display an impressive range of biological activities. The extensive pharmaceutical use of lignans is linked to their antitumor, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activities, among many others. This review article highlights selected pharmacologically active lignans, outlines their therapeutic relevance to the treatment of cancer and other diseases, and accentuates research on plant-derived lignans, particularly preclinical lead identification and optimization studies performed in the authors' Natural Products Laboratory (NPL). Antitumor and anti-HIV lignans have been discovered and developed in the NPL by using bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation as well as rational drug design-based structural modification and analog synthesis approaches. Notably, a significant and ongoing project on podophyllotoxin and its semisynthetic analog etoposide has led to the development of a potent derivative designated GL-331. GL-331 has received investigational new drug (IND) approval from the FDA and is currently in clinical trials against various cancers, especially drug-resistant cancers. Further design, synthesis, and evaluation of GL-331-related analogs are discussed.

Novel antitumor agents from higher plants.

This review article describes research on cytotoxic natural products isolated from plant sources, primarily preclinical lead identification and structural modification studies performed in the Natural Products Laboratory of Dr. K. H. Lee. As a result of this work, more than 100 new cytotoxic antitumor compounds and their synthetic analogs have shown confirmed activity in NCI's in vitro human tumor cell lines bioassay and are of current interest to NCI for further in vivo evaluation. A significant and ongoing project involves novel antitumor analogs related to podophyllotoxin and etoposide, and has led to a potent derivative designated GL331 (17). This compound is currently in Phase IIa clinical trials and shows promise as an anticancer drug, especially for drug-resistant cancers. Bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation of medicinal herbs (primarily herbs of Chinese origin) have also led to many classes of cytotoxic compounds including polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpene lactones, lignans, quassinoids, triterpene glucosides, flavonoids, colchicine derivatives, and quinone derivatives.

A new taxoid, 19-acetoxytaxagifine, from Taxus chinensis.

A new taxane diterpene, 19-acetoxytaxagifine (1), was isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Taxus chinensis. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectral evidence.

Arteminolide, an Inhibitor of Farnesyl Transferase from Artemisia sylvatica

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTArteminolide, an Inhibitor of Farnesyl Transferase from ArtemisiasylvaticaSeung-Ho Lee, Mi-Jeong Kim, Song Hae Bok, Heesoon Lee, Byoung-Mog Kwon, Jongheon Shin, and Youngwan SeoView Author Information Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, P.O. Box 115, Yusung, Taejon 305-600, Republic of Korea Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan, P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Republic of Korea Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 20, 7111–7113Publication Date (Web):September 9, 1998Publication History Received13 May 1998Published online9 September 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jo980919pCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (126 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Chemical structure,Inhibitors,Lactones,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts

Probability of aflatoxin formation or inhibition on some egyptian agricultural food commodities: Souhair S. Mabrouk∗, Nefisa M.A. El Shayeb∗ and Hussein G. Osman∗∗ ∗ Laboratory of Natural Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. ∗∗ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt

Probability of aflatoxin formation or inhibition on some egyptian agricultural food commodities: Souhair S. Mabrouk∗, Nefisa M.A. El Shayeb∗ and Hussein G. Osman∗∗ ∗ Laboratory of Natural Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. ∗∗ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt