Laboratory Formulation Research Articles

PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF CHITRAKADI VATI

The present work deals with the preparation and standardization of chitrakadi vati. All the parameters of both market formulation (MF1 & MF2) and Laboratory formulation (LF) were found to be within the limit prescribed in pharmacopoeia. Average weight and weigh variation of LF was 2057 mg and 0.2±0.1 %, disintegration time was 8±2 min, hardness was 4.6±0.2 Kg/cm2 , friability was 0.9722±0.2 %, ash values were 2.4 % (acid insoluble ash) and 2.15 % (water soluble ash), extractive values were 5.6 % (acid insoluble extractive) and 7.25 % (water soluble extractive). In order to ensure quality and stability of final product, some of the important chemical markers has been separated from the mixture and for analysis by high performance thin layer chromatography was selected for qualitative and quantitative purpose. The results of standardization parameters showed marked difference among three, which fingers to authenticity of market formulations. Even HPTLC fingerprinting showed some ingredients in market formulations were taken adulterated or inferior in quality. The HPTLC method for fingerprinting was found to be precise and accurate to quantify three chemical markers plumbagin (0.84%), piperine (0.92%), zingiberene (0.71%), and it further characterized by IR, NMR, Mass spectra.

Formulation, Phytochemical Estimation of Active principles by Spectroscopic methods and Comparison of the Poly Herbal Antidiabetic Tablet with the Commercial Tablets

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased glucose levels over a prolonged period. The poly-herbal anti-diabetic tablet was formulated in the laboratory by using herbs of Enicostemma littorale (EL) (Gentianaceae), roots of Aconitum heterophyllum (AH) (Ranunculaceae), rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK) (Scrophulariaceae), and fruits of Piper longum (PL) (Piperaceae). Furthermore, Laboratory formulation (LF) and Marketed formulations (MFs) were tested for Phytochemical screening and Qualitative chemical examination. From their result, isolation of active principles, Swertiamarin (EL-1) and Piperine (PN-1), was done and subjected to phytochemical examination by Modern analytical methods like TLC, UV, FTIR. Finally, the quantification and estimation of the aforementioned compounds were achieved by HPTLC. SSE of all the four formulations and the chemical tests proved alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, phenols and phytosterols. Comparing the data frommthe melting point, TLC, UV, and IR studies of EL-1 and PN-1 with standard Biomarkers, further calculation of both markers concentrations was done with the help of the calibration equation and the peak area derived from the chromatogram. Study outcomes signify that LF was more potent than MFs for anti-diabetic activity, signifying as a promising natural and safe remedy for the prevention of diabetic complications.

Cytochrome P450 inhibitory potential and RP-HPLC standardization of trikatu—A Rasayana from Indian Ayurveda

Ethnopharmacological relevanceTrikatu is a very well known ‘Rasayana’ in Ayurveda and widely used as a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in India. It consists of three well known plants, viz., Piper longum (PL), Piper nigrum (PN) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) in equal ratio. Trikatu has been prescribed for cough, cold, fever, asthma, respiratory problems and improvement of digestive disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of individual ingredients of trikatu namely PL, PN, and ZO and formulations [Marketed formulation (MF) and laboratory formulation (LF)] on drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6), to assess its herb–drug interaction potential through cytochrome P450 inhibition assays. Further this work was aimed to develop an RP-HPLC method for the identification and quantification of piperine and 6-gingerol in the crude drug trikatu. Materials and methodsEnzyme inhibition effect of LF, MF, PL, PN and ZO was explored through CYP450–CO complex assay using rat liver microsomes (RLM) and a fluorescence screening method using individual isoenzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6). The RP-HPLC method was developed for the identification and quantification of piperine and 6-gingerol in LF, MF and individual plant materials at the concentration of 1mg/mL. ResultsRP-HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of piperine and 6-gingerol in LF and MF [Piperine: 7.89±2.12% (w/w) (MF), 6.70±2.13% (w/w) (LF)]; [6-gingerol: 5.3±1.21% (w/w) (MF), 4.95±2.34% (w/w) (LF)]. Inhibitory potential of MF and LF in CYP450–CO complex assay was found to be 37.54±3.12% (MF) and 35.12±2.31% (LF) and against CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 was estimated to be IC50 251.30±3.98 and 245.23±1.92μg/mL and IC50 225.50±1.02 and 223.254±0.92μg/mL respectively. ConclusionsDifferent concentrations of the trikatu formulation and its individual components showed significantly (p<0.001) less inhibitory activity on individual isoenzymes as compared to the positive control. The crude drug exhibited inhibitory potential against the CYP450 enzymes in a concentration dependent manner. Outcome of the present study demonstrated that trikatu has less interaction potential with drug metabolizing enzymes.