Laboratory Analysis Of Water Samples Research Articles

Integrating portable X-ray fluorescence site survey and ArcGIS models for rapid risk assessment and mitigation strategies at an abandoned arsenic mine site: a case study

ABSTRACT Australia’s metalliferous abandoned mine sites (MAMSs), pose tangible threats to the environment and human health. To address these concerns, our study utilised state-of-the-art handheld XRF technology to conduct a real-time assessment of the Mole River arsenic mine site. The data revealed notably elevated levels of arsenic and manganese, with the southeast corner of the site identified as a contaminant hotspot. We used a tiered risk assessment approach to compare the detected contaminant concentrations to the Australian health investigation levels (tier 1). This led us to a broader examination of erosion vulnerabilities and the potential migration of contaminants (tier 2). Further, a hydrological assessment (tier 3) identified significant erosion in southern regions, indicating the potential for contaminants to be transported off-site through surface water runoff to Sam’s Creek and Mole River. The proximity of a reservoir to these runoff pathways brought forth additional challenges, especially during heavy rainfall events. Subsequent laboratory analysis of water samples reinforced our findings, as they confirmed heightened arsenic concentrations in Mole River downstream, accentuating the potential risks to ecosystems and human health. By integrating the XRF contour map and erosion assessment with the RUSLE model, valuable insights are gained into critical hotspots with high contamination and erosion potential. By directing rehabilitation efforts towards critical hotspots, resources can be allocated more efficiently and cost-effectively.

Development of an integrated approach to the analysis and forecast of hydrographic and bathymetric data of water bodies and tailings ponds

There is a need for an effective monitoring solution for water quality control in tailings dumps and adjacent water bodies in order to prevent environmental pollution. This article highlights the importance of water quality monitoring and surveillance to prevent pollution. It is proposed to develop a mobile robotic complex equipped with sensors for monitoring water bodies and tailings, which is also capable of measuring underwater topographic data. The objects of study were a tailings pond and water bodies. The authors analyzed existing technical monitoring solutions, designed and developed a robotic complex, echolocation device, tested them on specific sites (the tailings dump of the Zhayrem Mining and Processing Plant and the Ishim River), conducted laboratory analysis of water samples, classified the results. Additionally, they obtained 2D and 3D maps of the bottom, and entered all collected data into a developed database and software. The developed complex demonstrated high accuracy of movement (an error of about 0.2 m on the x axis and 0.1 m on the y axis) and the ability to register environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, PH. Data analysis for 2021–2023 showed a significant excess of recycled water discharged into the evaporator pond, which emphasizes the importance of monitoring and management of water resources. The research applies ARIMA models, neural networks to predict water body parameters. The results obtained indicate the high efficiency of the developed robotic complex and methods for analyzing data on water resources. These methods can be used in industry, scientific research and environmental projects to regularly monitor water quality and take measures to protect it

Poverty induced artisanal mining impact on municipal water utilities; the case of kpapi river in Minna, Nigeria

That unemployment, poverty, artisanal mining, and community vulnerability are interwoven is re-emphasizing the reality of life. This study assesses the effect of artisanal mining activities on River Kpapi and the adjoining settlements in Minna putting into consideration Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG8). Observatory field survey was carried out on the entire river channel, and laboratory analysis of water samples taking to determine its hydro-chemical and Water Quality Index (WQI) characteristics using the silver nitrate method of the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the Water Quality Index (WQI) mathematical model. Questionnaires were also administered to the adjoining communities on river water usability. The result revealed that the hydro-chemical parameters heavy metals of Cd, Pb and Cr2+ with mean concentrations of 0.04 ​mg/l, 0.39 ​mg/l and 0.44 ​mg/l respectively are above WHO permissible limit. Also, the WQI varies from 2045.35 ​at middle course, 2709.89 ​at the upper course and 30.87.46 ​at the lower course is above the tolerance level for human consumption. The study, therefore, recommended that both the riparian and the solid mineral law should be under the state government to ease implementation and that the artisanal miners and that inclusive planning should be adhere to in all policy formation.

Comparative Assessment of the Application of Four Water Quality Indices (WQIs) in Three Ephemeral Rivers in Greece

In this work, the possibility of using four water quality indices (WQIs) to evaluate the quality status of small rivers in the Mediterranean region (Northern Greece) was investigated. The WQIs selected were the NSF WQI, Oregon WQI, CCME WQI and Prati’s Index of Pollution and were applied to three rivers, namely Laspias, Kosynthos and Lissos, located in the prefectures of Xanthi and Rhodope, Northern Greece. The individual indices were calculated based on the values of 11 physicochemical parameters derived from field measurements and chemical laboratory analyses of water samples at two monitoring stations in each river. The in situ measurements and samplings were executed at a frequency of approximately 10 days and lasted 20, 12 and 10 months for rivers Laspias, Kosynthos and Lissos, respectively. The comparative results from the four indices in the three rivers showed that for rivers Kosynthos and Lissos, which had comparable values of physicochemical parameters, Prati’s and CCME indices classified these water bodies into the highest quality classes, the NSF WQI into a slightly lower class and the Oregon WQI into the lowest classes of quality ranking. Regarding Laspias River, whose physicochemical parameter values indicated inferior water quality than the other two rivers, the Oregon index ranked this water body in the lowest quality class, while the other indices in slightly higher classes. In conclusion, regarding the water quality of ephemeral streams in the Mediterranean, it seems that the Oregon index is stricter followed by the NSF, and then, Prati’s and CCME WQIs.

Assimilating Low‐Cost High‐Frequency Sensor Data in Watershed Water Quality Modeling: A Bayesian Approach

AbstractUncertainty reduction in watershed water quality (WWQ) modeling remains a major challenge. One important reason is the lack of sufficient available water quality observations because traditional laboratory analysis of water samples has high labor, financial and time costs. Low‐cost high‐frequency water quality data from in‐situ sensors provide an opportunity to solve this problem. However, long‐term sensing in complex natural environments usually suffers more significant errors. This study aimed to develop a novel method to utilize in‐situ sensor data in WWQ modeling, namely, the Bayesian calibration using multisource observations (BCMSO), which can simultaneously assimilate laboratory‐based observations and in‐situ sensor data. Both synthetic and real‐world cases of nitrate modeling were used to demonstrate the methodology, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was employed as the WWQ model. The results indicated that direct assimilation of sensor data using traditional Bayesian calibration generated obvious deviations in parameter inference and model simulation, which could consequently bias future predictions and affect management decision correctness. However, after proper treatment of errors in sensor data, the BCMSO method could extract meaningful information from sensor data and prevent negative impacts of errors. The modeling uncertainty was also greatly reduced. In the real‐world case, with 1 yr of subhourly electrical conductivity sensor data incorporated, the modeling uncertainty of nitrate concentration and management cost of controlling nitrate pollution were reduced by 70%. The BCMSO method provides a flexible framework to accommodate nonconventional observations in environmental modeling and can be easily extended to other modeling fields.

Physico-Chemical and Biological Analysis of Water and Effect of Contamination on Residents of Area Ner Chowk, District - Mandi (H.P.)

Abstract: The approximate population (2020) of the Nerchowk area is about 52944, an area of 80.26 km², and a population density of 659 people per km². Sample Collection Sites at Nerchowk Region. 31°36'24"N, 76°54'51"E longitude and latitude of Nerchowk. The present cross-sectional study is focused on measuring the quality of drinking water in areas of Nerchowk region, District – Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, and its effects on human health as told by the people living in these areas. Various analyses including physical, chemical, and microbiological assessments were carried out on the water samples collected from the villages. The present thesis aimed to assess and compare the water quality with WHO standards and its related health effects on residents of the Nerchowk Area. 30 sample sites are chosen nearby the Nerchowk area and water samples have been taken from each area. Data collection is based on the laboratory analysis of water samples. The study was carried out over 12 months that is, August 2021 to July 2022.

Creation of an observation network for assessment of the impact of the pig complex on the groundwater aquifer

Ukraine, as a party to the Association Agreement, in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, recognizes water as the most expensive resource on our planet, which must be protected and saved. Every country and every inhabitant of the planet must do everything possible to reduce the thoughtless use of water and stop water pollution. The priority is the identification of water users and "polluters", as well as the detection and prevention of pollution of water resources, which includes the identification of water sampling points around potential sources of pollution. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of pig farms on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of groundwater using existing water intakes to preserve natural water resources from pollution and depletion. An important point for monitoring in this situation is the use of existing water intakes (bores and wells) without additional construction of observation bores and interference in the environment. To complete the study, it is necessary to create an observation (monitoring) network of selected points and establish the frequency of their study. The observation network should determine the level (static and dynamic) as well as the quality of groundwater, which reflects background concentrations (natural or "conditionally natural"). "Conditionally natural" concentrations may indicate an excess of pollutants, associated with anthropogenic impacts that occurred prior to the activities of a particular entity, in respect of which the study is conducted. Given the changes in the quality characteristics of water, caused by external factors, "conditionally natural" concentrations can be taken as background. The obtained information will allow, depending on the quality and quantity of groundwater (their level) to make management decisions on the management of groundwater resources. Groundwater in rural settlements near enterprises is in most cases the only source of water supply. The laboratory analysis of water samples from selected points in 2020 showed an excess of color, odor at 60 °C, turbidity, total iron in bores and wells. The detected elevations are due to the peculiarity of the geological structure (aquifer of Eocene sediments). The excess in the hydrogen index is almost 10 times from the surface water body, which can be taken as "conditionally natural" (background) with further study of the specific impact of the complex on the environment. The main indicators that may indicate direct contamination of the pig complex, such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen and microbiological studies, do not exceed the normalized values, set for drinking water. In this case, the specific indicators are within normal limits. Petroleum products were not detected in the studied samples

The assessment of the environmental impact of the waste sludge and hazardous chemicals in the arroyo of Yasynov city of Kamyanske

The main structures of tailings and sludge facilities are tailings and sludge storage facilities, tailings and sludge hydraulic transportation facilities and circulating water supply facilities. Therefore, the assessment of the environmental impact of the sludge storage of waste and hazardous chemicals in the Yasinova arroyo of the city of Kamyanske is an urgent task for scientists and workers of the ore-processing industrial enterprises. The aim of the work is to assess the impact on the environment of the sludge storage of waste and hazardous chemicals in the Yasinova arroyo of the city of Kamyanske. The object of the study is the process of environmental pollution due to the activity of sludge from waste and hazardous chemicals in the Yasinova arroyo of the city of Kamyanske. The research subject is the reduction of the level of environmental pollution during the activity of the sludge storage’s waste and hazardous chemicals in the Yasinova arroyo of the city of Kamyanske. The initial data of the laboratory analysis of water samples were provided by the laboratory of OJSC Dniproazot. Regulatory and technical documentation is provided by the Department of Environmental Protection of the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the city of Kamyanske. The ecological situation in Kamyanske has long been characterized as a crisis. A significant excess of geochemical parameters of some elements in soils was recorded. Particular attention should be paid to the content of Ce and REE in the polymineral substance of tailings. Exceedances of the maximum concentration limits of Ni and Cu in the Konoplyanka River, which flows in the immediate vicinity of the tailings; which suggests an assumption that there is a migration of these elements from the tailings with groundwater and their accumulation near the river.

Characterisation of an artesian groundwater system in the Valle de Iglesia in the Central Andes of Argentina

Despite its location in the “Arid Diagonal” of South America, the Valle de Iglesia contains a number of artesian springs, the most important of which are the Baños Pismanta thermal springs, which release water at ~ 45 °C. Despite the scarcity of water resources in the Valle de Iglesia, there have been few attempts to study these springs in any detail. In this study, > 50 springs are described, each characterised by small volcano-like mud structures up to 15 m tall. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater system in the Valle de Iglesia were performed to improve our understanding of the subsurface water flow and of the connections between the subsurface water and the associated systems of faults and springs. Site measurements were made, and the concentrations of the main ions and trace elements were also determined by laboratory analysis of water samples. The samples obtained from the spring were rich in Na–HCO3–SO4 and Na–SO4–HCO3, but the surface water samples from the Agua Negra River were rich in Ca–SO4–HCO3. The temperature of the springs was in the range 20–45 °C. Both the temperatures and the ionic ratios are compatible with the presence of a deep hydraulic circulation system. The oxidation of sulphide minerals nearby the magmatic rocks and volcanic edifices causes the mobilisation of arsenic, which accumulates in the groundwater due to the low annual rainfall. The concentrations of arsenic in the spring water samples were therefore higher than the current limit set by the World Health Organisation, meaning that the water is not suitable for human consumption.

Study on the quality of irrigation water in the talawaan irrigation channel using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) Method

The suitability of water for irrigation purpose can be determined using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The method describes the extent of sodium will be absorbed into the soil. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Talawaan river as a source of irrigation water using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The measurement was carried out by field observation at the tertiary channel and laboratory analysis of water samples obtained from the channel. The concentration of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ were calculating using the SAR. Sampling of Water quality parameters was determined using the Composite Sampling, then analyzed with the UV-Spectrophometry The data referring to the standard values from Ayers and westcott. The results showed that the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) at the Talawaan irrigation varied from 1.33 meq/l to 1.55 meq/l. These results meets the requirements of the Ayers and Westcott standard standard, which stated that SAR at less than 3 meq/L is good quality standard (table 2). SAR value affects soil conditions, especially related to soil structure and soil permeability and infiltration.

Assessing the potential health impact of selected heavy metals that pollute lake amponsah in Bibiani, Western North region, Ghana

Gold mining contributes significantly to social, economic, and infrastructural development in Ghana. Apart from these benefits, mining activities have negative impacts on the environment as well as the health of fringe communities who depend on the environmental resources for survival. However, despite the increase in small scale mining in the Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai Municipal, the extent to which these activities have impacted on the quality of the Amponsah lake is largely unknown. This study, therefore, assessed whether or not the activities of small- scale miners have impacted the quality of the Amponsah lake as well as the health of the people living in the fringe communities who depend on it for survival. The study used qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the laboratory analysis of water samples as well as the thoughts and opinions of occupants of the fringe communities to achieve the objectives of the study. Findings showed that aside total suspended solids, all the physical parameters assessed were below the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency standards. The mean recorded values for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids were 7.20, 29 °C, 4.80 mg/cm, 383.00 µS/cm, 185 ml/l and 132.40 mg/l respectively. Also, mean concentrations of 0.0053 mg/l, 0.3110 mg/l, 0.0372, and 0.0440 mg/l were recorded for Hg, As, Cd, and Zn respectively with the concentration of zinc only falling below the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency standards. Further, human activities such as small-scale mining, discharge of waste from nearby communities as well as leachate from a dumping site, are the major contributing factors causing pollution in the lake. Mercury source in Lake Amponsah could be through activities of small- scale miners operating around the lake over the years. The unusually high concentration of As could be likely due to the geology of Bibiani. In conclusion, the physicochemical characteristics of the Lake Amponsah have been compromised pointing to a polluted status except for Zn and total suspended solids.

Hydrology and Ion Sink of the Arctic River Alazeya

The features of hydrology and flow of dissolved substances of the Alazeya River located above the Arctic Circle in the area of continuous distribution of permafrost are considered. As starting materials the results of field studies and laboratory analyses of water samples made by the complex research expedition were used. The Alazeya River in hydrological and hydro chemical relation is a little-studied river of the Arctic zone. The river basin is characterized by minimal human pressure. The territory of the Alazeya basin is one of the hard-to-reach Arctic regions of the North-East Yakutia with natural complexes. Precipitation, groundwater and underground ice of active layer and permafrost are the primary power supply of surface waters. Annually 0.5 million tons of dissolved substances are removed by the processes of fluvial denudation from the Alazeya basin to the East Siberian Sea. Module of the ion sink is very low - 6.8 tons/km2. It is typical for the sluggish rivers of the Arctic regions. Minimum value is a result of the Arctic climatic and landscape parameters affecting the intensity of chemical weathering of rocks. The ion sink of the Alazeya River is almost independent from human influence and determined by the geochemical properties of elements, lithological features of rocks and soil composition of the river basin, climatic conditions, and vegetation

Kajian Kualitas Perairan Laut Sekitar Muara Sungai Jelitik Kecamatan Sungailiat – Kabupaten Bangka

Jelitik River is the main river and economic artery of Sungailiat District, Bangka Regency. Currently around the Jelitik River there is a Jelitik Fishing Port and is developed as an industrial area. In addition to the problems of sedimentation problems with the development of industrial estates and the presence of sand mining rich in tin ore on land and on the high seas it is feared that it will reduce the quality of the environment, especially the surrounding sea water. Therefore, this study is needed in order to find out the quality of waters in this estuary which can be used as a basis or baseline for the initial environment of this region if later this area will be developed as a port or industrial area. The method used in this study is field observation, water sampling, and laboratory analysis. Therefore, as an initial step, it is necessary to identify the quality of the waters in this estuary which can be used as the basis or initial environmental baseline of this area if later this area will be developed as a port or industrial area. Based on observations in the field of laboratory analysis of water samples, generally the quality of seawater around the estuary of Jelitik River still meets seawater quality standards both for port activities, marine tourism and for biota. Some parameters that exceed the quality standard include total suspended solid (TSS) which reaches 250 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) which reaches 24,700 mg/l and nitrate content which reaches 0.38 mg/l. BOD value is 4.7 mg / l and COD is 46.4 mg / l, these parameters are still below the existing sea water quality standard.

Water Safety Planning and Implementation in a Ghanaian Small-scale Water Supply System

This study looked at the Assin Fosu Small Town Water Supply System in Ghana to verify whether the operation of the scheme is based on a comprehensive water safety plan and how the practice of water safety planning affects the quality of water delivered to the consumers. The study employed document reviews, structured observations, interviews and laboratory analysis of water samples. System design data files and an Operation and Management Contract document were reviewed along with in-depth interviews with key stakeholders of the water supply system. Structured observations were made to assess the management practices of the system managers. Three rounds of sampling of water were done at monthly intervals from 10 randomly selected public standpipes, 3 boreholes and 2 filtration units. Samples were analysed to assess their bacteriological safety and aesthetic (physical) quality (turbidity and colour). Upon detection of bacteriological contamination, the adequacy of disinfection was assessed by measuring the levels of residual chlorine. It was found that the recommended schedule for some key documented water
 quality control and monitoring activities were not complied with. Consequently, the quality of water delivered to consumers at several public standpipes failed to meet the WHO guidelines for drinking water. Forty percent (40%) of all samples were found with faecal contamination, with 60% and 50% exceeding the WHO’s guideline levels for turbidity and colour respectively. It is recommended that the Community Water and Sanitation Agency in Ghana intensifies on-going efforts at ensuring that small-scale water supply systems in the country are managed with comprehensive water safety plans to prevent microbial contamination which could pose significant health risks to the consumers.

The water pools of the Agrakhan Bay area in the Terek River delta and scientifically based measures for their conservation

We have described the current hydrological state of the Agrakhan Bay, studied its features and defined trends, factors and parameters of hydrologic-morphological evolution of the Bay, mainly in the XX and early XXI centuries, and proposed measures for its restoration. The study was based on field measurements and long-term networked hydrological observations, comparative analysis of multitemporal cartographic material and satellite images, and laboratory analysis of water samples. Agrakhan Bay is a unique hydrographic and ecologically valuable object in the south-eastern part of the Terek delta, which 100 years ago had the features of a typical sea gulf and an area of 340 km2, was one of the main habitats for sturgeon spawning and fishery. Now it is divided into two different parts. Water areas and watered reed cover only 258 km2. Their area continues to decrease, which generates negative environmental and socio-economic consequences. The fishing value of the bay has been lost.

Coloured dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems of three representative regions of the Arctic according to the data obtained in year 2019

In this study the laboratory analysis of water samples from three representative regions of the Arctic for content of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) – the important component of natural waters, which has a direct impact on state of aquatic ecosystems, was made. Samples were collected from water objects from the Kola Peninsula, the Yamal Peninsula and the Lena River Delta. The results of the analysis made it possible to determine CDOM concentrations in water. According to the average values, the highest values were obtained for the Yamal Peninsula and lowest – for the Kola Peninsula. The predominance of allochthonous CDOM in the water objects from all three regions was revealed. Moreover, the complete absence of photodegradation processes was determined. For the lakes and rivers from the Kola Peninsula it was also possible to follow seasonal dynamic of CDOM concentration in water and to compare it with earlier obtained data concerning seasonal CDOM dynamic in the Lena River Delta. Results are actual due to the currently existing tendency of climate change which leads to intensification of thermal denudation and thermal erosion processes in the cryolithozone, which are consequently increasing income of allochthonous CDOM in water objects.

Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria

This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance and laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis at the upstream, revealed that at point 1, E.coli was 2.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 18cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 12.00 cfu/ml. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 20.00 cfu/ml and above the bench mark for raw water. The midstream of the study area, revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 3.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 25cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 2.00- cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 22.00 cfu/m, Co 1 log reduction l. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 9.00 cfu/ml. The result of the analysis of sample collected at the downstream of the study area revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 5.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 32cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml, Co 2 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 3.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 38.00 cfu/ml, Co1 log reduction and within the Benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 35.00 cfu/ml and Co 0.00 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively, while at Point 1 and Point 2, E.Coli and TCC were above the bench mark for raw water. Presence of these micro-biological components are indications that the surface water of the study area may likely be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhoea and cholera if used for drinking purpose. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of Abattoir waste into the river and at the river bank.

Effects of Solid Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Usuma River, Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja, Nigeria

This study has investigated the Effects of Solid Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Usuma River, Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja. Indiscriminate dump of Municipal Solid Waste generated by households, Phase IV mini market and wastes from parks and hotels around the study area is the major source of pollution of the river. Large tons of wastes dumped at the river bank has often rendered these natural resources unsuitable for both primary and/or secondary usage. Increased agricultural and domestic activities have led to pollution stress on the surface water of this river. This study assessed the impacts of waste disposal on the River Usuma in Phase IV Kubwa, assess the variation in the physio-chemical and biological properties and compare the water quality with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance, laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis revealed the presence of nitrite (0.2mg/L), magnesium (0.2mg/L), fluoride (1.0mg/L), manganese (0.2mg/L) and cadmium (0.003mg/L) in higher concentration which is above the WHO benchmark (7.1mg/L, 0.28mg/L, 1.04mg/L, 0.61mg/L and 0.013mg/L). The presence of these physio-chemical components are indications that the surface water of the study area is likely to be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarhorea and cholera if it is used for the purpose of drinking. The study also revealed a high Alkalinity with slight changes in turbidity. The contamination varies from one point of the river to another, indicating that the water is unfit for human consumption as a result of the pollution. Accordingly, consultation made with the Health and Water Quality Expert expressed the health implications associated with consumption of water from Usuma River in Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of refuse at the river bank.

Assessment of water quality and nutrient balance of a small lake in urban landscape – case study of Rusałka lake in the Wielkopolskie Lakeland

Abstract Assessment of water quality and nutrient balance of a small lake in urban landscape - case study of Rusałka lake in the Wielkopolskie Lakeland. In this work based on the results of laboratory analysis of water samples, the water status of lake and as well as water fl owing and out of the lake, during growing season of 2011-2012 and 2016-2017 were assessed. The water samples for physico-chemical analysis were collected once a month from three control points and following parameter were analyzed for: oxygen conditions and organic pollutants (oxygen, BOD5, COD), acidification (pH), salinity (EC) and nutrients concentration (N-NO3, N-NO2, N-NH4 i P-PO43-). The state of the waters of Rusałka lake and Bogdanka river upstream the lake and downstream the lake qualified for III-V grade of quality. This was mainly due to high value of COD and BOD5indices. The main sources of nutrients in the lake’s water were the non-point sources. Yearly introduction of fish, fishing and leisure activities around lake as well as real estate development in the catchment led to the degradation of the quality of the water in Rusałka lake.

Pengaruh kualitas fisika kimia perairan terhadap usaha budidaya ikan di Danau Bulilin Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

The research was conducted to determine the condition of physicochemical quality of waters and its effect on the sustainability of aquaculture in Bulilin Lake. The study was conducted at Lake Bulilin, Southeast Minahasa Regency in September 2016 (dry season) until January 2017 (rainy season). Measurement of physicochemical quality of waters was conducted in situ at 9 stations: station 1, 2, 3 (not aquaculture area); station 4, 5, 6 (aquaculture area) and station 7, 8, 9 (floating restaurant area). Laboratory analysis of water samples from three stations, namely station A (not aquaculture area), station B (aquaculture area) and C (floating restaurant area), was done at the Board of Research and Industrial Standardization Manado. Primary data were collected by interview to aquaculturist and field observation on aquaculture effort in Bulilin Lake. The results of the study showed that water temperature range from 27 - 32oC, total dissolved solid 0.239 – 0.305 g/l, brightness 40 – 72.5 cm, pH 6.44 - 9, dissolved oxygen 3 – 5.18 mg/l, Nitrate 1.93 - 5.67 mg/l, nitrite 0 mg/l, ammonia 0 - 0.22 mg/l and phosphate 0 - 0.60 mg/l. These result indicated that water quality condition is still in accordance with the quality standard for fish culture except ammonia. High ammonia level caused overgrown of Eichhornia crassipes (eceng gondok). The sustainability of fish culture at present is relative fluent and beneficial even though the waters have been overgrown with weed water hyacinth. However for the sustainability of the aquaculture effort in Bulilin Lake it is necessary to manage the waste to Bulilin Lake.Keywords : Lake Bulilin, physicochemical quality of waters , fish culture