Labor Factor Productivity Research Articles

Corporations and partnerships: Factory productivity in late Imperial Russia

Using factory-level data from an official manufacturing census, I examine productivity among two forms of enterprise in the Russian Empire from around 1908. I find that despite having 60 times more financial capital, factories owned by corporations did not outperform those owned by ordinary and limited partnerships. Although corporations were more mechanized per worker, both enterprise forms attained equal capital and labor productivity and total factor productivity. Corporations attained higher labor productivity than partnerships only in the metals and machinery industry. These findings suggest that Russian factories used the corporate form's unique advantages in a rather limited way: to build larger factories and undertake larger projects, but not to enhance productivity beyond the level of the partnership form. I also find that there were fewer accidents per worker at partnership-owned factories than at corporations.

Hybrid approach to modeling labor productivity factors: Synthesis of randomized controlled experiments and causal Bayesian networks

Hybrid approach to modeling labor productivity factors: Synthesis of randomized controlled experiments and causal Bayesian networks

The Impact of Industrial Robots on the Sustainable Development of Zombie Firms in China

Utilizing panel data from listed Chinese manufacturing companies spanning the period from 2011 to 2018, this paper investigates the impact of industrial-robot applications on the resurgence of zombie firms. The fixed-effects-estimation results reveal that a 1% increase in industrial-robot utilization corresponds to a 0.49% rise in the revival rate of financially distressed entities. The paper underscores the instrumental role of industrial robots in fostering the sustainable development of zombie firms, emphasizing improvements in capital returns, labor productivity, and overall factor productivity. Heterogeneity analysis further highlights the varied influences of geographical location, capital intensity, and pollution emissions on this relationship. This paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the crucial role played by industrial automation in revitalizing struggling enterprises within the Chinese manufacturing landscape.

Comparative analysis of labor productivity factors of personnel of medical organizations providing care to patients with cardiovascular diseases

The issues of improving efficiency of health care institutions are increasingly becoming the center of scientific discussions. The purpose of the study is to examine the subjective assessments of medical organizations staff regarding factors of labor productivity. Objectives of the study: to analyze the existing approaches to the study of labor productivity factors of medical personnel, to study the opinion of medical organizations staff regarding labor productivity factors, to identify the most significant of them, and to conduct a comparative analysis of the data obtained in the course of sociological research in medical organizations providing medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. The authors have studied the conclusions and findings of selected foreign and domestic experts in this field of research. The presented study identifies the key factors that can increase labor productivity of all categories of personnel on the example of two medical institutions providing care to patients with cardiovascular diseases, namely: presence of a system of material (non-material) incentives, level of material and technical support, moral and psychological climate, working conditions, and regular professional development. Common and special features of two organizations have been shown. Differences in assessing labor productivity factors in different professional categories have been found. The results obtained can be used as a basis for improving personnel policy in direction of increasing labor productivity in health care and medical science institutions.

What causes green efficiency losses in Chinese agriculture? A perspective based on input redundancy

Incompatibility between agricultural production inputs and the resource environment leads to efficiency losses and has an impeding effect on sustainable agricultural development. However, efficiency loss in agriculture is a blind spot in current research. To explore the green development performance and efficiency losses in China's agricultural modernization process, this paper measures the green efficiency of China's agriculture from static and dynamic perspectives. An in-depth analysis of efficiency losses in the efficiency measurement process was conducted. It was found that the overall agricultural green efficiency (AGE) of China showed a continuous upward trend from 2006 to 2019 and the average growth rate is 4.1 %. The utilization efficiency of agricultural inputs in China increased significantly, but the regional variations in the redundancy of agricultural inputs widened. Both agricultural modernization and environmental regulations are associated negatively with labor redundancy, and environmental regulations are associated negatively with fertilizer and machinery redundancy. The effective substitution of labor production factors by agricultural modernization can reduce labor redundancy and release a large amount of rural labor engaged in primary agricultural production, and environmental regulations effectively inhibit the waste of fertilizer, labor, and machinery inputs.

Econometric Analysis of Labor Productivity Factors in Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Econometric Analysis of Labor Productivity Factors in Healthcare of the Russian Federation

National water-saving city and its impact on agricultural total factor productivity: A case study of nine provinces along the Yellow River, China

As an important water-saving regulation, the construction of national water-saving city (NWSC) plays an important role in agricultural production, however, there is little research on its impact on agriculture. This paper uses super efficient Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) to measure agricultural total factor productivity (ATFP) in the regions along the Yellow River, and uses difference-in-difference (DID) model to explore the impact of NWSC on ATFP based on the theory of production factor flow. The results show that: First, the ATFP in the regions along the Yellow River demonstrated an initial increase followed by a decrease from 2000 to 2019, the ATFP in the regions along the Yellow River is low in the north and high in the south, and the ATFP of the main grain producing areas is generally higher. Second, the establishment of the NWSC can effectively improve the ATFP, the ATFP has increased by 6.57% compared with the control group, and the dynamic effect of the policy has shown an “N" pattern since its implementation. Particularly, in areas with relatively poor water resources, high agricultural factor intensification and major grain production areas, NWSC has a stronger impact on the ATFP. Third, NWSC has promoted the flow of labor production factors and improved ATFP through income effect, industrial synergy effect and technological innovation effect. The transfer of agricultural labor has also injected strong impetus into industrial development, and improved the return on industrial capital, which can promote agricultural capital more significantly, and further improved ATFP. Our findings provide empirical evidence for achieving high-quality agricultural development through the construction of NWSC.

Wachstum und Wohlstand in Deutschland

Abstract Germany is facing major challenges. On the one hand, climate change, demographic change and the resulting threat of labour and skills shortages, as well as geopolitical tensions disrupting energy supplies and global supply chains are impacting Germany. On the other hand, sustainable, long-term economic growth and rising prosperity are sought. But how can these things be brought into balance? Can the German economy continue to grow in the future and if so how? What role do the production factors labour, (human) capital and technological progress play in this? But how are long-term economic growth and prosperity related? How can prosperity be measured and how can it continue to increase under the given framework conditions?

Physical economics within the context of modern economic problems

Recently there was an active discussion about the effectiveness of the application of monetary theory in creating the foundation for qualitative changes in the economy. At the same time the global challenges that humanity has faced necessitate understanding the alternatives for economic development taking into account the growing population and the negative impact of man on the environment. Physical economics measures the effectiveness of the socio-economic system in physical terms and seeks to overcome the limitations of monetary theory. The application of this approach moves economic analysis from the value judgments that accompany wealth valuation approaches. The article analyzes the works concerned with physical economics within the context of modern economic problems. We formulate the main provisions and methods of economic approach that differs from other theories of the natural-scientific trends in economics. It is concluded that the physical economy is not able to solve many problems of the economy – ​it sets the vector of research aimed at solving the problem of interaction of social, technical and natural systems. It also focuses on the factors of labor productivity that make qualitative changes in the structure of the economy. The logic of the physical economy demonstrates that the destructive consequences of scientific and technological progress should be compensated by the creative efforts of man. Analysis based on physical quantities is a preliminary stage for modeling economic processes on the basis of natural and cost indicators.

Evaluation of Factors of Design Change, Material Availability and Labor Productivity Against Cost Performance on Office Building Projects

Good cost performance will result in profit margins for the company, but on the contrary, poor cost performance will certainly result in cost overruns. And this is often and even always the case with every project, both in construction projects and office building projects. Several factors can influence the decline in cost performance so that there is a cost overrun, such as design changes, material availability, work improvements, poor labor relations, incomplete project documents, increase in material prices, labor, equipment, project finances, and project implementation time. With the various causes of decreased cost performance, this research will limit the analysis of factors such as changes in design, material availability and labor productivity, which are indeed very frequent in construction projects, especially in office building projects. Office building projects are not as large as high-rise construction projects or other civil projects, but in terms of the complexity of detailed types of work, it is often a boomerang for cost overruns. This study used a statistical analysis approach using an SPSS device based on questionnaire data for implementing contractors in Jakarta.

Does the transformation of energy structure promote green technological innovation? A quasi–natural experiment based on new energy demonstration city construction

New energy development is essential to achieving carbon peaks and neutrality and promoting green technological innovation. Identifying the causal relationship between new energy demonstration city construction and green technological innovation is crucial for the expansion and promotion of new energy demonstration cities. In this study, we take the construction of new energy demonstration cities as a quasi-natural experiment, study their impact on green technological innovation using difference-in-difference (DID), and conduct a robustness test using DID after propensity score matching (PSM-DID). The research results indicate the following: First, energy structure optimization can significantly improve the level of urban green technological innovation (this result was shown to be valid using PSM–DID and other tests involving the effects of placebo and instrumental variables). Second, new energy demonstration city construction mainly improves the level of urban green technological innovation through technology research and development, the improvement of the industrial innovation environment, and the promotion of environmental performance. Third, the impact of energy structure optimization on green technological innovation has regional, financial, and economic development heterogeneity. Finally, new energy demonstration city policy affects the flow of capital, labor, technology, and other production factors to pilot areas according to new energy demonstration city policy, forming a “siphon effect”. The carbon reduction effect of new energy demonstration city construction is greater than its pollution reduction effect. Given the results of the study, policy recommendations to promote the expansion of new energy demonstration cities are proposed.

Produktivitas dan Efisiensi Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Kecamatan Dolok Pardamean Kabupaten Simalungun

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the productivity of Arabica coffee farming and to find out how the level of efficiency of Arabica coffee farming prices is in Dolok Pardamean District, Kabupaten Dolok Pardamean. Simalungun. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. This study uses questionnaire data taken directly from Arabica coffee farmers in Dolok Pardamean District, Simalungun Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 33 samples, using purposive sampling technique and taken proportionally. The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the results of research on factors that influence productivity and efficiency levels of Arabica coffee farming prices, the authors can conclude that: (1) Factors that affect Arabica coffee farming productivity in Dolok Pardamean District are seed variables (X2) and pesticide variables (X4) had a partial effect on the productivity of Arabica coffee farming, while the labor variable (X1) and fertilizer variable (X3) had no partial effect on the productivity of Arabica coffee farming. (2) The level of price efficiency for each factor of production is 17.96. The results of this calculation indicate that the use of labor productivity factors, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides has not been efficient in terms of optimizing factor input prices.

О мерах государственной поддержки приоритетных отраслей промышленности в Донецкой Народной Республике

State support of industry is a purposeful impact of state authorities and local self-government on industrial facilities for their development, taking into account the set goals through the purposeful impact of legal, economic and organizational measures. Identification of measures of state support for priority areas of industrial development, which are aimed at implementing positive structural transformations in industry, at ensuring the solution of key tasks of social and economic development, is the most important task of the formation and implementation of industrial policy. Practice shows that the process of identifying measures of state support for priority sectors of industrial development is complex and requires overcoming institutional barriers. For the progressive development of industry, increasing competitiveness, increasing labor productivity and production efficiency, appropriate conditions and factors that form the basis for the formation and implementation of industrial policy are necessary. Due to the circumstances, the Donetsk People’s Republic is developing taking into account a very limited amount of resources. In this regard, the issue of identifying state support measures for priority areas of industrial development is at the forefront. The article examines the economic content and proposes a structural model of state support for industry. The forms and methods of state support of industry are considered. Relevant proposals and recommendations have been developed, taking into account the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation, on measures of state support for priority areas of industrial development in the Donetsk People’s Republic. The purpose of the work is to define the concept of «state support» and identify measures of state support for priority industries in the Donetsk People’s Republic.

ANALISIS OPTIMASI DAN RISIKO USAHA PADA USAHATANI CABAI MERAH DI KECAMATAN KUMPEH KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

<p align="center"><em>Red chili farming is relatively risky, but farming has promising profit opportunities. Kumpeh subdistrict can potentially provide business red chili commodities with the most significant harvest and production area. The availability and condition of the land support for red chili farming. This study aims to optimize production factors in red chili farming and analyze business risks farmers face in growing red chili peppers. This research was conducted in Kumpeh District of Muaro Jambi Regency with sample areas, namely Mekar Sari Village and Maju Jaya Village. The number of samples in this study was 118 farmers. The determination of sample farmers is done using random sampling techniques. Optimization analysis of red pepper farming factors was conducted using the Cobb-Douglas production function with economic efficiency criteria on production factors. Meanwhile, the amount of business risk is calculated from the measure of the coefficient of variation and the lower-income limit. The results showed that farmers in the research area's use of land production, fertilizers (NPK, KCL, SP36, manure), and pesticides (liquid and solid) in red chili farming had not achieved economic efficiency. Economically, a farmer's optimum production is greater than the amount he uses. Similarly, the use of labor production factors that are not economically efficient. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation in red chili income is worth more than 0.5. This condition causes the lower limit of income that may be received to be negative. Red chili farming in the research area is not safe from possible losses. Still, red chili farming is quite profitable in terms of farming feasibility, with an R/C ratio greater than 1.</em></p>

Can E-Commerce Adoption Improve Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from Apple Growers in China

E-commerce is not only a new channel through which farmers can sell agricultural products, but also an important engine for transforming agricultural development and modernizing agriculture in the era of the digital economy. Analyzing the adoption of e-commerce from the micro level to improve farmers’ production efficiency has practical value. On the basis of theoretical discussion and analysis and on the survey data of 827 apple farmers in Shaanxi Province, China, we used propensity score matching (PSM) and stepwise regression to test the effects of e-commerce adoption on agricultural production efficiency and the mechanism through which these effects occur. The results showed that e-commerce adoption has a significant positive impact on agricultural production efficiency. The allocation of agricultural factors plays a mediating role in the impact of e-commerce adoption on agricultural production efficiency. Specifically, e-commerce adoption can effectively encourage farmers to rationally allocate agricultural labor, land, and capital production factors, promote the sustainable development of the environment and contribute to creating a harmonious community atmosphere. Therefore, we propose strengthening rural e-commerce support and the publicity and guidance regarding e-commerce adoption by farmers, holding e-commerce training, and promoting the popularization of rural e-commerce to help promote the modernization of agriculture.

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS WITHIN THE CROATIA’S INSURANCE INDUSTRY

Modern companies need to operate in constantly changing conditions and uncertain changes. Changes started from the fundamental way of doing business, which nowadays is becoming more and more based on digital tools, where new technologies are constantly being implemented, where care for the environment is a necessity, where is a constant striving towards doing green and sustainable business. The production factors labor and capital, which used to be the most important in production, are complemented by knowledge as a production factor that leads all changes in the company. The economy erases its national borders and becomes globally spread. Before business was based on profit, but now business is changing according to socially responsible principles and rules. The previously mentioned changes are taking place in parallel with climate changes, natural disasters that have affected Croatia as well as some other parts of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic (2020.-2021.) and the crisis it has brought, rising inflation (2022.), the war in Ukraine (2022.) and numerous other uncertainties that tomorrow will bring. People realize that it is necessary to be insured, but sometimes just after the accident occurred. All modern companies, including those within the insurance industry, must adapt their operations to all these new challenges and changes. It is the management that plays an important role in enabling business adaptation to new circumstances and further development of the same. Insurance as such has an important role in all of this, because from insurance industry it is required to become more than ever guarantee of stability and economic growth. Although insurance began as an activity based on goodwill and mutual assistance of participants in an informal communities, nowadays it has developed into an extremely complex and demanding activity that protects people and their property. The basic task of insurance companies is distribution of risks from one insured, to all that are insured, and compensation payment of money based on concluded insurance contracts. Profit is still goal by which a company is run, but only profit is not enough, because the interests and needs of wider social communities are also important and needs to be satisfied. The role of managerial economics, which is the core focus in theoretical sense of this paper, is in identifying and predicting possible changes and accordingly suggesting to management how to adapt business to new challenges. Croatia osiguranje as a company with the largest market share in the Croatia’s insurance industry was in focus in the whole paper. With inductive and deductive methods are drawn conclusions about management aspects of contemporary companies, as well as the measurement of the business result of insurance companies using the example of Croatia osiguranje company.

Statistical Modeling of Regional Labor Productivity

The article from the perspective of interregional comparative analysis methodology substantiates the system of labor productivity factors and presents the results of statistical modeling of labor productivity in the regions of Russia in 2020.The shortcomings of the existing measures of labor productivity in international and domestic practice are noted, namely, the ambiguity and inconsistency of the assessment results. The authors propose a technique for constructing an integral index of regional labor productivity and substantiate a four-factor econometric model of the dependence of the integral index of regional labor productivity, which allowed for an improved system of labour productivity factors to be applied in regional economic analysis. Estimates are given of the relative impact of both traditional and new factors of regional labor productivity, which are the increasing incidence rate and the growing share of unprofitable enterprises (organizations), investments and industrial output per capita in the regions of Russia in 2020.The need to monitor regional labor productivity factors annually to help bring forward problems in the regions is justified. The reasons that led to the insufficient level of labour productivity (compared to Russian average) were identified. According to the authors (following the results of socio-economic development in 2020), they should include low growth rates of investment and production volumes, as well as an increase in the incidence and in the share of unprofitable enterprises and organizations.

Factors of labor productivity of employees of a cardiology medical organization

The search for resources to increase labor productivity is associated with a theoretical analysis of conditions and factors. This problem is particularly acute in the context of the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; issues of rational management of human resources are coming to the fore. Labor productivity is one of the key indicators organization’s labor efficiency. The research was carried out based on general scientific methods analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, and sociological survey. The article analyzes the factors affecting the labor productivity of employee’s medical organization. A high assessment of the level of employee productivity was obtained, the relationship between the financial stability of the institution and work in a pandemic was revealed. The most significant factors affecting labor productivity are the availability of a personnel incentive system (75%, p = 0.028), the level of material and technical support (74%, p = 0.05), the moral and psychological climate in the team (64%, p = 0.007) and working conditions (63%, p = 0.26). It is proved those comfortable working conditions, a favorable moral and psychological climate, the level of material and technical support, regular professional development and the availability of a quality management system create conditions for improving the productivity of health workers.

The Influence Of Harvest Labor Productivity Factors On Palm Oil Production At PTPN VI Business Unit Batang Hari

This study aims to determine the labor productivity of oil palm harvesters at PTPN VI Batang Hari Business Unit, and to determine the effect of age, years of service, education level, salary and premiums as well as motivation in the productivity of harvesters at PTPN VI Batang Hari Business Unit. This research was conducted at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VI, Batang Hari Business Unit, which is located in Muhajirin Village, Jambi Outer City District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research will be carried out from March 16 to March 27, 2021. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of labor productivity factors on harvesters on oil palm production at PTPN VI Batang Hari Business Unit. The data collection method used was direct interviews with list of questions (questionnaire) and secondary data collection from the company. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative analysis and multiple linear regression analysis (F test and T test). The results showed (1) the productivity of harvesters at PTPN VI Batang Hari Business Unit as a whole from the samples taken, the results were more than one hundred percent. (2) together the factors of labor productivity of harvesters affect oil palm production in PTPN VI Batang Hari Business Unit. While in a single test the factors that affect the productivity of harvesters are the Salary and Premiums, and Motivation factors.Keywords: Plantation; Productivity; and Labor

Impact of Labour Productivity Factors on Construction Project Cost and Time

Productivity is the dominating aspect in construction as it encourages cost savings and effective utilization of resources. Poor labour productivity is one of the major causes of cost and time overrun in construction projects and as such requires attention. Previous studies have identified factors affecting labour productivity within building projects, however, there is need to understand these factors as it relates to their impact on cost and time. In view of this, the paper aimed at assessing the impact of factors affecting labour productivity on cost and time, with a view to minimizing their effects on construction projects. The study elicits knowledge gained by project managers actively engaged in construction projects within Abuja been the Federal Capital Territory and employed the use of a survey. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data with respect to degree of impact of labour productivity factors on construction project cost, and time using a five-point Likert scale and distributed to 45 project managers using purposive sampling. Responses from the administered questionnaires were collated, interpreted, and analysed using descriptive statistics, and results presented in tables. The findings showed that material shortage at project site with a mean value of 3.68 had significant impact on construction project cost. Furthermore, lack of tools and equipment in the market, and workforce absenteeism with mean values of 3.65 and 3.62 respectively had significant impacts on construction project time. The study concludes that material shortage, lack of tools and equipment in the market, and workforce absenteeism are labour productivity factors that had significant impact on construction project cost and time. Thus, Construction managers should enforce the use of material supply schedule, and adopt appropriate financial incentives for employee’s that could curtail the problem of absenteeism.