Labour Market In Poland Research Articles

Human capital for the green economy

This study aims to assess the market availability of human capital for the needs of the green economy under the conditions of the changing labour market in Poland. It is a theoretical and analytical study based on desk research and critical analysis of available factual information. Based on an analysis of quantitative data describing the age structure and education of Poles from the perspective of three consecutive decades, a growing labour supply deficit was found. It also points to a possible shortage of competencies needed to green the economy. It was emphasised that, in view of the low effectiveness of the state's prevention policy aimed at preventing the growing demographic crisis, it would be necessary to supplement the shortage of workers from external resources, that is, labour migration. However, this may also be difficult because the labour markets in other European countries become increasingly competitive. Recommended solutions to foster labour market sustainability for the green economy may be to delay the exit of employees from the labour market, boost female economic activity, and make the education system more efficient.

A cross-cultural research on the employment of migrants: Social representations of job seekers in Poland and Turkey

Aim: The main aim of the study is to reveal the social representations of local job seekers towards employment of migrants who are a part of the labor market in Poland and Turkey. As social representations have been one of the crucial and preferred concepts to find out individuals' perceptions of any subject, determining the direction of social representations of Turkish and Polish job seekers (positive or negative) and comparing the revealed social representations between Turkish and Polish participants are other aims of this study. Method: 30 participants (15 Turkish and 15 Polish) between 22-30 ages from Turkey and Poland have taken part in this research based on the maximum variation sampling, and the first part of the social representations survey instrument (the part which consists of the free associations form) proposed by Tsoukalas (2006) has been used to reach out to participants' representations. The data has been analyzed and presented in tables for each country through content analysis and the results have been discussed based on the comparisons. Findings: The results have shown that Turkish and Polish participants created the same number of groups (45 groups each) in total. The similarities between social representations of Turkish and Polish participants are higher than the differences, however, it is possible to assume that Turkish participants tend to provide more negative social representations regarding the employment of migrants. Conclusions: The social representations of Turkish participants about the employment of migrants refer to situations that related to “economic, job market, social, emotional, psychological, cultural, different challenges during daily life for locals and migrants, and some positive sides/contributions to migrants of being a migrant in the country”. The social representations of Polish participants about the employment of migrants refer to situations that related to “procedural and formal issues, social and cultural aspects, challenges regarding the economy and job market, emotional reactions, outputs of migrants, and some positive sides/contributions of migrants to society as being a migrant in the country such as diversity and some other positive effect of migrants”.

Problems and Prospects of Adaptation of Ukrainian Pupils to Education in Vocational and Technical Schools in Poland: Implications for Practice

The article deals with the problem of adaptation to education/continuation of education of vocational education applicants from Ukraine, who were forced to leave the country due to the full-scale Russian aggression, in vocational schools in Poland. The research is focused on a comparative analysis (quantitative and qualitative) of the features of the system of professional training of skilled workers in Ukraine with the system of industrial education in Poland according to a specially developed methodology. The common and different points of the mentioned process are revealed. Based on the results of the study, corrective actions were created in the form of separate recommendations for their adaptation to the educational process in Polish vocational schools and socio-psychological support both at the level of the individual and at the level of interpersonal interaction, which will contribute to their successful entry into the labour market in Poland.

Socio-demographic characteristics and the position of people with disabilities in the labour market in Poland in 2015–2022

Socio-demographic characteristics and the position of people with disabilities in the labour market in Poland in 2015–2022

Development of Competencies by Students. The Case of the University of Lodz

Aim. One of the challenges of the labour market in Poland is to match competences adequately to the needs of employers and to enable future employees, including students, to acquire these competences before they start their careers. The aim of the research was to answer the questions, which methods of developing competencies are known to the students, which are used by them and how do they assess their effectiveness. Methods. The research was carried out by mix-mode method, using quantitative (CAWI, N=352) and qualitative (IDI, N=10) surveys, and the respondents were students of the University of Lodz. Results. The results indicate that the best known and most commonly used methods of developing competencies are: individual self-education, classes at university, professional work, internships, apprenticeships, voluntary work, trainings, workshops, courses. As regards the evaluation of the effectiveness of the indicated methods of developing competencies, the students considered professional work to be the most effective method. Moreover, the results indicate that each of the methods of developing competencies may be effective, and the effectiveness depends on several factors. Conclusion. Therefore, it seems crucial not only for students to know and use various methods of developing competencies, but also for universities to ensure high quality activities, so that they effectively support the development of students' competencies and respond to the needs of the labour market.

THE COVID-19 WORLD PANDEMIC VS. THE LABOUR MARKET IN POLAND

The main purpose of the research and analysis was to show how the global pandemic affected the labor market in Poland. Selected labor market data before and during the global pandemic were analysed. The subjective scope of the surveys covered working people and those who lost their jobs during the pandemic (205 people). Data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) were also analyzed. The pandemic caused many changes on the labor market, including: a decrease by over 204,000 the number of newly created jobs and an increase in the number of liquidated jobs by over 15,000 in 2020 compared to 2019. According to the respondents’ answers, in the face of the pandemic, over 73% of people were not afraid of losing their jobs, while almost 90% of people actually did not lose their jobs. Despite the difficult situation, almost 25% of respondents planned to change jobs, and almost 15% participated in recruitment during the pandemic. Most respondents expected stable employment, salary increase and development opportunities. In the place of employment, the scope of the company’s activity was changed, limited, suspended or closed in almost 2/3 of the respondents. Despite the barriers encountered when performing remote or hybrid work in this form, the employees decided that they also see the benefits of being able to perform part of their work at home.

The Employment of Ukrainians as an Opportunity to Fill the Labour Market in Poland – Selected Issues

The labour market in Poland has undergone significant transformations over the past two decades. The observed changes have been influenced by various factors related to, among other things, the possibility of free movement of the population resulting from membership of EU structures, demographic changes, technological changes, and the automation and robotisation of production processes. Demographic change is becoming a significant challenge, highlighting the shortage of workers with different qualifications and competencies in the labour market in various sectors of the national economy. This paper aims to indicate to what extent Ukrainian citizens can fill the gaps in Poland’s emerging labour market. To that end, a survey was conducted in the Qualtrics programme in May-June 2022 among Ukrainian citizens who arrived in Poland before 24th February 2022, i.e., before the outbreak of the war and who were registered in the Gremi Personal database. This particular company provides support connected to employment for Ukrainians. Due to the non-probabilistic sampling technique, the results cannot be generalised with regard to the entire population. To analyse the results, descriptive statistics were used to examine the population structure and determine the signifi cance of the characteristics studied and the correlation between them. The research shows that labour shortages in Poland’s labour market can be compensated to some extent by employing migrants from, for example, Ukraine. The commencement of the proper research was preceded by the preparation of a pilot study and the collection and analysis of statistical data related to the situation on the Polish labour market, taking into account the level and structure of employment and an indication of shortages in the labour market when the research was prepared, and the fact that complete statistical data ended in 2020, hence the decision to include this research period in the analyses.

Generations on the Labour Market – an Analysis of Employed Persons in Terms of Age and Sex

The pace of change in contemporary reality creates a need for fresh data to diagnose the impact of this change on the labour market. Opportunities to meet these expectations are provided by data resources collected in registers and administrative systems directly or indirectly related to employment. Experimental work carried out on the adaptation of data from these sources for statistical purposes shows that, for instance, data on employed persons calculated on the basis of the resources of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) allow analyses to be carried out taking into account, i.a., the generations. Currently, there are four generations on the labour market in Poland: the Baby Boomers, X, Y and Z, which differ in terms of their value system, motivation to work, expectations and loyalty to employers.

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transition of people on the Polish labor market – hidden threats

Abstract The article analyzes changes on the Polish labor market after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to assess the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the transition of people on the labor market in Poland. The decided majority of research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market was based exclusively on resource analysis, omitting stream analysis. This research fills this gap and provides analysis by quarter of the transition of people on the labor market between employment, unemployment, and professional inactivity. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe drop in the number of people in work in the second quarter of 2020, similar in level to an analogous increase in the number of people professionally inactive. The effects of the pandemic were much more severe for women than for men. Detailed analysis of transitions on the labor market shows that around 50% of jobs lost due to the outbreak of the pandemic were not regained. Many redundancies were permanent, which may translate into a weakening of the dynamic for the recovery of the labor market in the future.

REACHING RETIREMENT AGE BY OLDER PERSONS. TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

Each year, over 300,000 persons retire from the labour market in Poland. This is a worrying phenomenon especially in the light of the population ageing. It causes a loss for the economy of valuable labour resources, which are increasingly scarce. It also puts a heavy burden on public finance with the payment of an increasing number of old-age pension benefits. Retiring early immediately after obtaining entitlement or within a few months after this occurrence increases a risk of poverty. Pensions in Poland are generally low; the amount of the calculated benefit increases significantly with each additional year of work and payment of old-age insurance contributions. The article describes the issues related to the possibility of encouraging persons who have obtained the entitlement to an old-age pension to remain in the labour market and defer claiming the benefit. Based on the results of the Institute of Labour and Social Studies research project on mitigating the effects of the pandemic among high-risk groups, the author analysed the main reasons for retirement of persons at pensionable age and the motives indicated by them for continuing employment or returning to the labour market. On this basis, using selected elements of the support model developed in the cited project, solutions have been identified that may without the need to raise the statutory retirement age reduce the outflow of persons at retirement age from the labour market.

Preface

Preface

The silver generation on the labour market in Poland

The silver generation on the labour market in Poland

The labor market in Poland, 2000−2021

The labor market in Poland, 2000−2021

The Silver Generation on the Labour Market in Poland

The Silver Generation on the Labour Market in Poland

Silver Entrepreneurship as an Instrument for Activating Seniors on the Labor Market in Poland

The current discourse on the professional activation of seniors is based on the “on the aging society” paradigm. The progressive aging of the population creates new challenges for socio–economic life. The negative phenomena of these changes are withdrawal from public life, loneliness, and even discrimination against seniors. Prevention of these phenomena is widely described in the literature, finding its expression in theories of withdrawal, activity, exchange, modernization, or in the theory of social competence and breaking away, for example. Without negating these theories and concepts, we propose a look at the activity of seniors through the paradigm of “extending human life,” which may actually mean their prolonged professional activity. Of course, this requires the reconstruction of the socio–economic model in both the micro and macro social dimensions with a view to adapting to the aging of society, its manifestations, and consequences. In the article, we present silver entrepreneurship as an instrument of professional activation of seniors that is aimed at the inclusion and utilization of the knowledge, potential, and experience of older people. We perceive the concept of silver entrepreneurship as a component of the theory of entrepreneurship, especially the shaping of the entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors of seniors.

Labor Market in Poland - Analysis of Diversity

Abstract The main aim of below consideration is presentation Polish Labor Market and changes inside, along last years. Labor market considerations are extremely important and have a large impact on the daily behavior of entities in this market. The extent, to which we are able to analyze changes taking place in individual areas of the surveyed area will allow us to make appropriate decisions on both – the demand and supply side of this labor. Author would like to present base issues connected with supply and demand taking place at this field in Poland. Getting to know the directions of changes taking place on the Labor Market may allow for an appropriate approach to human resource management. The article consists of short introduction, theoretical part, empirical part and summary at the end. Theoretical part includes base information and definition about Labor Market. Empirical section shows data analyzing, methods, tables and graphs. In the summary author would like to recapitulate analyzing case and draw some conclusions.

The Impact of the Polish Renewable Energy Sector on Employment

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: This study analyses employment in the renewable energy sector. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of obtaining energy from renewable sources on the labor market in Poland. Materials and methods: This study is based on secondary data from the Central Statistical Office, Eurostat, and EurObserv’ER. During the literature review, research papers on the labor market, published in Poland and internationally, were examined. The analyzed data was processed using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. The number of people employed in relation to 1,000 toe of primary energy obtained in individual RES industries was the measure of the impact of the RES sector on employment. The results of the present research were presented using descriptive, graphical and tabular methods. Results: In Poland, the use of renewable energy sources between 2010 and 2020 doubled, from 6,892 ktoe to 12,518 ktoe, and is projected to further double by 2030 compared to 2020.It is generally agreed that obtaining energy from renewable sources has a significant positive impact on the labor market. In the period of analysis, the number of individuals employed in the RES sector increased from 36.8 thousand to 110.8 thousand. The highest labor intensity was reported for the RES sectors of solar power, heat pumps, and liquid biofuels. Conclusions: I f t he r enewable energy sector continues t o develop a s projected, t he demand for employees in this industry will more than double by 2030.

Demographic and Technological Factors Shaping the Labour Market in Poland on the Threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Demographic and Technological Factors Shaping the Labour Market in Poland on the Threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Economic immigration in the secondary segment in Poland taking the example of employees from Ukraine

The article aimed to analyse the labour market in Poland in relation to the employment of foreigners, especially immigrants from Ukraine, showing not only the dimensions of economic immigration over the period 2009-2019 but also the impact on the Polish economy. An analysis of the changes in the situation of foreign workers in the labour market over the last decade shows that despite an increase in employment among foreigners, they are not competition for native employees, which means that they “do not take jobs”, on the contrary – they fill the gap where there is a shortage of native employees, because, for example, they went abroad or do not want to take niche, low-paid jobs.

COVID-19 Pandemic as a Change Factor in the Labour Market in Poland

The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019 in China. and At the beginning of 2020 it spread to all countries of the world, causing damage in all aspects of economic and social lives, including the labour market. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market throughout its course so far has become an important topic of research in various countries, including Poland. Research is conducted in four main areas concerning: the situation of employees and employers on the labour market; unemployment and professional activity; remote work; and anti-crisis measures undertaken by the state. The paper refers to all these aspects of the labour market in Poland, in some cases against the background of other countries. Based on the source literature, the pandemic is presented from different perspectives: as a cause of the global crisis; the implications of the pandemic on the labour market; its impact on employers and employees and on the economy and society more broadly; government programmes aimed at preventing and combating the pandemic in the form of so-called anti-crisis shields and financial shields; and the spread of remote work and its effects. The paper also presents the results of its own survey research on a sample of 170 respondents, representing people active in the labour market in April 2022. The pandemic has caused disruptive, immediate and long-term effects on the labour market in Poland. The anti-crisis policy of the state mitigated quite effectively the negative economic and social effects, noticeably more so and additionally more appreciated by employers than by employees. The case of Poland, where broad anti-pandemic and anti-crisis measures were undertaken, may be partly applicable to other, mainly European, countries. Further research on the crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in different aspects of socio-economic areas in national and international economies are recommended. The pandemic, in causing a general economic crisis, has left a permanent mark on the labour market in Poland, which will be structurally important for its functioning in the future.