Labour Conditions Of Workers Research Articles

Lead for the victory: living and labor conditions for workers at the Chimkent lead plant

Living conditions, including the production aspects of people’s livelihood are essential features of the level of society development. The studying of living conditions, labour of workers caused by both a catastrophic shortage of resources and insufficient thoughtfulness of the production process is a necessary condition for establishment an objective picture of the of Soviet society history. The given article scopes out and analyzes labor conditions of workers of defense enterprises, who made significant contribution to the improvement of the defense capability of the USSR in the context of social history approaches and the history of everyday life. The purpose and objectives of the presented article has been solved by introducing and analyzing a number of historical sources extracted by the authors from the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. Living conditions and labor of workers of defense enterprises are considered on the materials of the Chimkent lead plant, one of the main plants of the USSR for the production of lead. For its achievements the plant was named after M.I. Kalinin in 1935, further in 1939 the plant staff was awarded the highest award – Medal of Lenin. The importance of the plant especially increased during the war years, taking into account the shift of the industrial center of the USSR to the East. Finally, the article presents the authors’ conclusions about the deterioration of the working conditions of employees and increasing of the cases of injuries and diseases during the War.

EVALUATION OF FAIR-TRADE BUSINESS POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN GARMENT INDUSTRY: A COMPANY AND CONSUMER ORIENTED STUDY

Purpose: This research article aims to evaluate the fairness of the textile industry policies and practices in a double way, by examining both companies and consumers dynamics. To find out how equitable the garment sector market is, official reports from the most prominent companies were studied, to determine what they claim to be doing to improve the situation with workers from developing countries, if they meet their self-stablished criteria or not, and the actions that have been consequently taken. Furthermore, this research reflects consumers’ dynamics and points out whether they are ethical and consequent with their opinions. Methodology: Two different approaches were used, one for each different path. The first one consisted of assessing the level of fairness in labor conditions of workers who belong to big supply chains contractors. To do so, this study applied a variation of Grey’s Approach and created some standards. The second one was designing a survey whose data was subsequently analyzed with the objective of finding out if buyers made a conscious and equitable consumption of clothes. Consequently, the survey was divided into questions about buyers’ knowledge of the situation and industry, common purchase practices, and their opinion. Findings: This paper proposes a quantitative way to evaluate how well are supply chains managing to provide a fair environment for workers coming from subcontracts in developing countries, as well as it allows some comparison between brands and give clues on how to improve. In addition, the perception and consumption pattern of common textile buyers was captured and appraised. These conclusions have helped to accurately describe the current situation of production chains in the garment sector. Originality: To the authors’ knowledge, there is no other research that describes how companies perceive the current situation of production chains and subcontracted workers in the garment sector using their own published data. In addition, this research also takes account of the point of view of the consumer, giving a full view of the industry situation. Keywords: supply chain, clothes, consumers, fair labour conditions, delocalization

Lead for the victory: living and labor conditions for workers at the Chimkent lead plant

Living conditions, including the production aspects of people’s livelihood are essential features of the level of society development. The studying of living conditions, labour of workers caused by both a catastrophic shortage of resources and insufficient thoughtfulness of the production process is a necessary condition for establishment an objective picture of the of Soviet society history. The given article scopes out and analyzes labor conditions of workers of defense enterprises, who made significant contribution to the improvement of the defense capability of the USSR in the context of social history approaches and the history of everyday life. The purpose and objectives of the presented article has been solved by introducing and analyzing a number of historical sources extracted by the authors from the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. Living conditions and labor of workers of defense enterprises are considered on the materials of the Chimkent lead plant, one of the main plants of the USSR for the production of lead. For its achievements the plant was named after M.I. Kalinin in 1935, further in 1939 the plant staff was awarded the highest award – Medal of Lenin. The importance of the plant especially increased during the war years, taking into account the shift of the industrial center of the USSR to the East. Finally, the article presents the authors’ conclusions about the deterioration of the working conditions of employees and increasing of the cases of injuries and diseases during the War.

English

The use of psychoactive drugs remains a public health and social issue in Benin and impacts health, medical and social life at working place. The study aims to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with psychoactive drugs use in 2019 in two companies based in Cotonou, Benin. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from 09 to 31 December 2019. The study involved 455 workers aged 22 to 60 in two companies, selected by using a stratified survey technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire providing the socio-demographic and occupational factors, individual characteristics and labor conditions of workers. Associated factors were determine by a univariate and multivariate analysis. Alcohol was the substance most consumed with an abuse prevalence of 7.7% followed by tobacco with a prevalence of 5.5% and drugs at 4.6% and finally cannabis at 1.3%. After adjusting for the other variables: sick leave decreased with alcohol consumption, OR=0.31 [0.10-0.95]; regular leave increased with alcohol consumption OR=16.90 [1.96-145.75]; and overinvestment decreased with alcohol consumption OR=0.33 [0.14-0.78]. The use of PAD is a public health problem in the workplace. Awareness-raising for workers and training actions towards medical staff are required in the workplace in other to improve working conditions and the reduce drugs consumption. Key words: Psychoactive drugs, workplace, alcohol, tobacco, drugs, Benin.

ABOUT THE MATTER OF LABOUR CONDITIONS CLASSIFICATION IN TBILISI SUBWAY

The aim of this research was the development of the hygienic classification of labour conditions of workers of the Tbilisi subway by indicators of harm and danger of work on the basis of appropriate standard document. The complex of adverse factors of the labour environment which is a potential risk for workers’ health is revealed. It is established that the most adverse, i.e. extreme working conditions (a class of danger 4) are noted on a workplace of a machinist, that is generally caused by parameters of noise and vibration (a class of danger 3 and 4). In the distribution hall and on a workplace of the controller on duty a working condition corresponds 3. 1 class of danger, and on other workplaces to 3.2 class. The results of the designated research are used for development of complex improving measures, which include technological, sanitary and hygienic and medico-preventive measures

Beyond Compliance: Social Responsibility and Control Over Labor in the Supply Chain

Firms increasingly seek to exert control over the labor conditions of workers embedded within their supply chains. Whilst a substantial literature on control over internal employees exists, it tell...

Estimation of gravity of labour process and morbidiny of workers of the book-stitching shop of the printing-works

Labour conditions of workers of the book-stiching shop with the following estimation of physiologic changes in their organism under the influence of work in dynamics of shift are studied, their morbidity with temporary disability is analyzed. Performance of hard work in workers of the book-stitching shop is accompanied by pronounced changes of functional indices of cardiovascular system and high general morbidity with temporary disability.

Physiologicohygienic estimation of labour conditions of workers of mechanical shops of engineering works

The labour conditions of mechanical shops of engineering works (temperature, humidity, noise) and their effect on some functional systems are studied using hygienic and physiological methods. The general estimation of labour conditions with regard to the combined action of unhealthy production factors is given.