Labor Actions Research Articles

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF "PERSONAL FITNESS TRAINER" IN UKRAINE

Professional staff is needed for the effective functioning of health fitness. There are no professional standards for fitness staff in Ukraine, so there is no single standardized approach to determining the list of job functions, general and special competencies, the required knowledge, skills and practical abilities. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop a professional standard of "Personal Fitness Trainer" taking into account international experience. Methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, functional analysis, documentary method, method of expert evaluations, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The development of a professional standard for "Personal Fitness Trainer" was based on regulatory acts and the algorithm formed for the health fitness system. There have been identified 60 necessary labor actions which ensure the performance of 9 labor functions of a fitness trainer. The professional standard takes into account the needs of employers, consumer requirements and will be the basis for the industry standard of higher education in the relevant specialty. Conclusions. The developed professional standard for "Personal fitness trainer" is relevant, complies with regulatory acts and established algorithm, adapted to the system of fitness. The expediency of developing a professional standard "Personal fitness trainer" was based on the study of the actual state and prospects of application of fitness staff. The professional standard provides requirements for the content and quality of professional activity; list of general competencies; requirements for the level of qualification, medical contraindications to work, work experience, level of education of a fitness trainer; a list of labor functions and labor actions and the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities; list of subjects and means of work and definition of professional competencies, etc. The professional standard "Personal fitness trainer" should be the basis for the industry standard of higher education in the relevant specialty.

A Model for Preparing a Vocational Teacher for the Implementation of a Work Education Program based on Students’ Project Activities

Introduction. One of the important updates to the Professional Standard of a college teacher in 2024 was the inclusion of labor actions “formation of personal results of students based on a project”. The data of the study conducted by the author indicate that the majority of college teachers find it difficult to implement these labor actions. The purpose of the study is a theoretical description of the model of college teacher training for the formation of personal results of students based on project activities. Methodology. Substantive and formalized approaches are the basis of the methodological premise of the model; essential and phenomenological approaches are used to highlight the requirements and procedures for the implementation of the described model. The studentsʼ project activities are based on the technology of modern project-based learning (G. K. Selevko), classes are considered through the structure of a modern lesson (M. I. Makhmutov), the taxonomy of pedagogical goals (B. S. Bloom), authorʼs methods tested with college teachers. Research methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis, modeling, study and generalization of pedagogical experience. Results. A model of college teacher training for the formation of personal results of students based on project activities is described. The model is based on updating the technology of modern project-based learning in accordance with the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program by college students. The expediency of including a wide range of educational results is substantiated. Conclusions. The technology of modern project-based learning is justified as a promising technology for preparing a college teacher for the formation of personal results of students based on project activities.

Beyond wages: The transformative role of strikes in accelerating transportation electrification

Transportation electrification is a critical step towards energy transition and low-carbon society, with wide-ranging social and economic impacts. This study examines the significant role of the 2023 United Auto Workers strike in the context of transportation electrification, with a focus on its implications for the automotive industry and labor market dynamics. Through an analysis of the strike’s immediate effects on production and long-term implications for labor practices and competitive strategies, this study explores how labor actions can influence the pace and direction of the transportation decarbonization efforts. We argue that the strike may accelerate automation and the adoption of non-unionized labor, potentially reshaping the future labor market and manufacturing landscape. To support a just and equitable transition, we call for incorporating the safeguarding of labor social benefits into the innovation of public policies and investment portfolios that incentivize the electric vehicle markets.

Genesis of Poetry and Heroic Epic

The article conducts a scientific analysis of the origin of poetry. On this issue, scientific examinations of opinions were carried out in works published at different times, and general patterns of the emergence of art as a whole were analyzed. Based on the research of scientists, an analysis is carried out of the manifestation of everyday needs and fantasies of man in the early era, which were prerequisites for the birth and formation of arts, including poetry. It is scientifically postulated that collective labor actions during primitive community construction, superstitions committed during the departure of hunters as a result of strong fear from the mysterious forces of nature, actions during the period of expulsion of harmful dark forces caused the rhythm of dance and melody. It is concluded that over time, these rhythms and melodies gave rise to initial samples of poetry. The genesis of the Kazakh heroic epic is associated with the emergence of poems. Poems of praise to hunters, forms of poetry reflecting heroic campaigns, served as the basis for the birth of epic. An analysis of works related to personalities who created early poetic samples and a heroic epic was carried out. In Kazakh folklore, conclusions related to the history of the emergence and formation of types of shaman (bucks) and storyteller (zhyrau) are differentiated. The attitude of bucks and zhyrau to the formation and development of the heroic epic is comprehensively analyzed and generalized scientifically.

Генезис образов посева и жатвы в батальном тексте рубежа XVIII-XIX века

<p>The article deals with visual metaphors representing military events by analogy with labor actions related to the cultivation of the land and the harvest. The purpose of the study is to identify the literary genesis, semantic component and artistic potential of the images of the battle field and the battle in the battle text of the turn of the 18<sup>th</sup>-19<sup>th</sup> century. The material for the study was the works from the «Collection of Poems relating to the unforgettable year 1812», the poetic imagery of which is studied in comparison with biblical metaphors, the tradition of the Old Russian military narrative, classical batalistics. It is determined that, like the Old Russian military story, landscape details are included in the course of military events in the works from the «Collection...», that is why natural images form a significant layer of metaphorics of battle works, endow the poetic text with additional meanings through visual symbolism. It is proved that the visual metaphor with the core «field» and the images associated with it function in the «Collection...» as symbols and emblems associated with the expression of the opposition of war and peace, a visible representation of the victory won. The most frequent plant images in the battle text are fields symbolically associated with life, and gardens allegorically representing the world as paradise. The novelty of the research is seen in the expansion of ideas about the poetics of the visual in Russian literature by considering the mechanisms of visualization of the artistic image in the battle text of the early 19<sup>th</sup> century.</p>

Corporate Social Responsibility Latin America: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda

This research topic studies the main implications and approaches of social responsibility in Latin American companies, and becomes a topic of great importance due to the need of many organizations to transcend and differentiate themselves with their target audience, promoting inclusive and sustainable growth, managed by policies that promote welfare and development. The databases used for this systematic review were Dialnet, Scielo, Redalyc and Scopus, using information from 2012 to 2022; likewise, the method used was the search of empirical literature with the analysis of descriptive designs and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. On the other hand, the country with the highest number of studies on the subject was Mexico with 24%, followed by Colombia with 20%; likewise, descriptive and explanatory studies of quantitative type are addressed; and among the populations with the highest study implication are companies in the commercial and productive area. Finally, the objective of this study is to determine the factors that induce Latin American companies to apply corporate social responsibility; one such factor being environmental leadership, as the main finding, which seeks to maintain standards of image and acceptance in the market that differentiate it from the competition; the next factor is ethical labor actions, which ensure a fair internal system in relation to its stakeholders, who are the heart of the operation of its business; and finally, maintaining a successful corporate philanthropy, which strengthens human relations and creates awareness of respect and quality in the organizations. The contribution of this research will allow future research to know the repercussions of corporate social responsibility practices and how these factors influence the creation of a competitive image valued by the market.

Профессиональные компетенции морских радиоспециалистов в области глобальной морской службы спасения при бедствиях

The article discusses the peculiarities of the professional competencies of Marine Radio specialists in the field of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), which is distinguished by a high degree of automation of the transmission and reception of information for search and rescue operations with minimal time. This applies to operators and senior operators of the GMDSB facility, operators of a limited area of the GMDSS, operator of the GMDSS, first and second class radio electronics of the GMDSS, the main professional characteristics of which are summarized in the professional standard “Operator of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (ship, coastal).” The listed specialists carry out radio communication and information exchange between coastal and ship stations in the GMDSS in order to ensure uninterrupted communication in the event of a disaster, safety and urgency between ships and coastal services for the safety of navigation and the protection of human life at sea. It is emphasized that they must have higher or secondary vocational education. For each position, generalized labor functions are systematized, which are destructured into labor functions, labor actions, necessary knowledge and skills. It was concluded that the professional competencies of the marine radio specialists of the GMSSB are widely in demand, both on ships and on the shore, which is especially important given the development of the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route, as the main water route of the hard-to-reach northern regions. At the same time, the necessary level of professional training of specialists providing the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System in a disaster for the safety of navigation is decisive.

Социальный контроль как функция управления

The article, on the basis the analysis of data from a semi-formalized interview of experts on management and social control (2022, N = 12), reveals the main and additional parameters of the assessment of social control. It is proved that the main parameters of the control assessment should include traditional subsystems for checking the complex of knowledge, shared norms, procedures and the effectiveness of labor actions. Additional parameters define a list of possible motivating factors, as well as the assessment of the entire system of actors or social groups professional culture. It is proved that social control is not only a mechanism of managerial self–regulation of the population and its individual social groups, but also a way of involving the population in solving organizational and state tasks, integrating society, providing purposeful activation of the actions aimed at strengthening the rule of law, order, stability and stability of the functioning of society. In modern conditions, social control should be carried out not only through the structures of state power, but also as a result of the active purposeful action of representatives of civil society, monitoring and verification by public organizations of the actions of both individuals and individual groups of the population. The directions of modernization of social control are proposed in the context of decentralization of the social management system, the transfer the part of the functions of state control to direct subjects of civil society, the formation of the complex of evaluation of the activities of public entities not only by representatives of state authorities, the media, but also by other institutions of civil society and individual politically active citizens.

Актуализация профессионального стандарта «Специалист органа опеки и попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних»

<p><span lang="EN-US">The professional standard “Specialist of the Guardianship and Guardianship authority for minors” was approved by Order No. 680n of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated November 18, 2013 and is used by employers in the formation of personnel policy and personnel management, in the organization of training and certification of employees, the conclusion of employment contracts, the development of job descriptions and the establishment of remuneration systems since January 1, 2015. The updating of the professional standard in 2022 is caused by changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of guardianship and guardianship, in the all-Russian classifiers of economic activities, occupations, specialties in education, as well as the results of the analysis of the application of the professional standard. Updating and implementation of the professional standard meets the tasks of staffing within the framework of improving the activities of guardianship and guardianship authorities. Changes have been made to the groups of classes, the requirements for education for specialists have been specified, the requirements for practical work experience have been clarified, the composition and name of generalized labor functions with the redistribution of labor functions included in them have been specified. Taking into account the introduction of information technologies, the wording of labor functions has been changed. In labor functions: ensuring and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of minors; protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children in need of state assistance; identification and placement of orphans and children left without parental care; protection of the rights and legitimate interests of orphaned children and children left without parental care, the wording was adjusted when describing labor actions, as well as the requirements for the necessary skills and knowledge. Throughout the text of the professional standard, all terminology is brought into line with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of guardianship and guardianship.</span></p>

International harmonization of professional education development in Russia and China

In the conditions of the modern world development, the problem of studying the international harmonization of the development of vocational education becomes relevant. The institutional analysis of the international harmonization of vocational and pedagogical education shows the changed requirements for the professional training of specialists in the context of globalization and the format of international integration of labor markets under construction. International harmonization of vocational education in the context of changed requirements for the performance of specific labor actions is carried out in accordance with the new socio-economic regulators in the training of professional personnel. The material in the work is presented by the scientific and pedagogical works of Chinese and Russian researchers on the problem of research. Comparative analysis and historical-genetic method are used as methods revealing the problem of international harmonization of vocational education in Russia and China. On the basis of comparative studies on the international harmonization of the vocational education development, the potential opportunities for the harmonization of vocational education in cross-border regions are determined. Within the framework of the historical-genetic method, the prerequisites that are conditioned by the existing state-social system are revealed. As a part of the popularization of the educational ideology of “lifelong learning”, integration into vocational pedagogical education and the development of professional pedagogical personnel is becoming one of the leading goals of education reform in many countries of the world. Through the use of professional communication between the teaching staff of both countries, it is possible to improve the quality of educational services provided, the formation of professional skills of university graduates and increase the rating of educational institutions of the Russian Federation and China on the international market. Further development and improvement of the international harmonization of professional and pedagogical education in Russia and China is the subject to further in-depth research in theory and practice in this area, and also requires solving existing problems.

The Poetry of a Prison Uprising

The Poetry of a Prison Uprising Elias Rodriques (bio) When the Smoke Cleared: Attica Prison Poems and Journal ed. by Celes Tisdale Duke University Press, 2022, pp. 152 Click for larger view View full resolution Prisoners in Attica on September 10, 1971 (Bettmann/Getty Images) [End Page 100] The story of Attica could be said to begin in 1929, when uprisings at Dannemora and Auburn prisons captivated New York state. Conditions at the prisons (including overcrowding, low wages, and more), rebellions in response to those conditions, and assaults on prisoners by police and armed citizens occasioned a visit from Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. "The time has come," Roosevelt said after visiting Dannemora and nearby Great Meadow Prison, "when New York can no longer tolerate prisons like Dannemora and Auburn." In the wake of the prisoners taking control of their facilities and of governmental outcry, the state did not demolish either prison (both are still operational today). Instead, it built a new facility: Attica. From its opening in 1931, Attica showed signs of what was to come. Fifteen days after the prison began operations, Jesse Conklin, incarcerated for forgery, became the first person to escape. A year and a half later, in December 1932, the first uprising occurred. According to the warden at the time, it was caused in part by "a strong distaste among certain . . . convicts for pick and shovel work." If there was a "distaste" for labor, the events of the following decades suggest that the prisoners resented their work because of the way the prison denigrated its laborers. During that time, according to the critic Mark Nowak, people incarcerated at Attica participated in strikes and protests (such as the "sour milk sit-down strike"), lawsuits (including more than a hundred complaints filed by Black Muslims demanding religious freedom), and even, in 1962, a sit-in coordinated across four New York prisons. Using political protests and labor actions, people incarcerated at Attica fought for better work conditions, for their rights, and for their liberation. They were not the lazy laborers whom the warden suggested deserved the punishment they received; they were workers and people who could and did resist the institution's dehumanization. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that such a politically active group responded forcefully to the killing of the Black Marxist George Jackson, a prisoner at San Quentin, in August 1971. On September 9, 1,300 prisoners took control of Attica. Governing themselves through representative democracy, they drafted a list of demands, which included minimum-wage payment for their forced labor, an end to the censorship of reading materials, and an expansion of the prison's education system. After four days, armed forces stormed the prison, resulting in the deaths of thirty-two prisoners and eleven hostages. Though the assault by the state brought an end to the prisoners' self-governance, [End Page 101] those who survived did see one of their efforts come to fruition in the form of a poetry workshop that started in 1972, led by Celes Tisdale, a professor at SUNY Buffalo. Tisdale's new book, When the Smoke Cleared: Attica Prison Poems and Journal, collects poems by his students in that workshop and his journal entries from the period. Some of the work was originally published in Tisdale's 1974 book Betcha Ain't, but the new volume also includes never-before-published poems, Tisdale's class handouts, and more. When the Smoke Cleared, accordingly, reveals a great deal about survival in the wake of state violence and about the uses of prison education. ______ On the first day of the course (which was funded in part by a nonprofit and in part by the state), Tisdale was not so much concerned with the curriculum as anxious about what would happen. He wrote in his journal, "Many times have I basked in the glory of applause, adulation, recognition as I interpreted the Black poet masters. But, today, I wait in painful/joyful anticipation of meeting those humanity-scarred men who must express themselves or perish from anonymity." In the hours that followed, he met his workshop participants, some of whom he recognized from the neighborhood where he grew up, in nearby Buffalo...

ПОИСК УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

On the basis of generalization and analysis of existing approaches in the organization of management systems, the author proposes a method of preliminary assessment of the development potential of the enterprise, derived on the basis of the general properties of functioning inherent in all organizations, and also provides a typical scheme of an effective management system. Attention is paid to problematic issues related to the performance by employees of uncharacteristic labor functions. A simple method is proposed by which it is possible to identify an unreasonably expended labor resource and optimize the management system. Universal criteria are considered, using which it is possible to organize the distribution of responsibilities between employees and departments, so that their activities are as efficient and effective as possible. The leading role of employees who are the creators of the main product of the organization is indicated in relation to those who perform the functions of ensuring the production process, including administrative and managerial personnel. In this article, much attention is paid to the issue of the formation of effective labor behavior, the physiological mechanisms of the formation of a behavioral act are revealed. Based on the analysis of the need-information theory of emotions by academician P.V.Simonov, the systematization and description of physiologically conditioned human needs, which are the sources of appropriate behavioral reactions, is carried out. The article describes studies of the formation of a conditioned reflex and the basic principle of the nervous system – the dominant principle, which clearly demonstrate how foci of excitation can be created in the central nervous system, which can subsequently directly affect human behavior, as well as underlie many pathological processes occurring in the body. The author suggests the principles of human impact, the use of which will cause an unconditional reaction from the object of influence. The relationship between the emotional state of an employee and the effectiveness of his labor actions is investigated. The direct dependence of the effectiveness of labor actions carried out by employees on the presence of their positive emotional reinforcement is proved. The mechanism of professional skill formation as the basis of effective labor behavior is revealed. The article identifies cognitive distortions, as well as errors in decision-making that arise in managers in the process of managing subordinate employees, and also reveals the causes of their occurrence. Conclusions are drawn about the necessary qualities of highly qualified managers.

УЧЕТ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛА ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМЫ ОПЛАТЫ ТРУДА В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article analyzes the essence of the concept of “qualification”, the evolution of approaches to understanding the essence and content of professional qualification, its interpretation in international and Russian regulatory documents. The reasons for the transition from unified qualification guides to professional standards as documents that systematically describe the requirements for the level of qualification of an employee, including education, professional experience and other important characteristics are considered. The system description of labor function and specific labor actions set forth in the standard allows taking into account the possibility of different levels of professional skills. The analysis of the dynamics of introduction, actualization and exclusion of professional standards from the unified register is presented, based on which it is concluded that it is necessary to include the monitoring of requirements for personnel qualification in the number of mandatory areas of personnel work. Approaches to qualification assessment as a basic basis for the formation of remuneration system in the organization, providing objectivity of the established remuneration and contributing to the growth of staff motivation to professional development are considered.

Подготовка магистров в ракурсе требований профессионального стандарта

The problem points are reflected in the implementation of the master’s program in the direction of «Library and Information Activities» in connection with the adoption of the professional standard «Specialist in Library and Information Activities». An analysis of the requirements for education and training outlined in the professional standard, practical experience for positions in generalized labor functions assigned to the 7th level of qualification was carried out. The controversial provisions of the document requiring further discussion were considered. The master’s program implemented at the East Siberian State Institute of Culture (VSGIK) was described in the context of labor actions reflected in the professional standard. A qualitative description of students in the master’s degree is presented, the heterogeneity of the composition of groups and the associated problems of organizing the educational process are indicated. The content of library and bibliographic, research, psychological and pedagogical, management blocks, educational and production practices included in the curriculum is presented.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES ON ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES IN SMALL BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

Adaptation of an employee in an organization in modern conditions is becoming increasingly relevant. Digital competencies gain particular importance in the process of adaptation, since in any modern organization it is impossible for an employee to adapt effectively and fully without a certain set of skills and knowledge required to perform labor actions using digital technologies. The article is devoted to the study of adaptation programs for employees of the Chuvash Republic organizations and to the study of the influence of IT competence level on the adaptation process. The aim of the study is to evaluate the hypothesis that there is a dependence between the speed of adaptation and the level of IT competence command in small and microbusiness trade and production organizations of the Chuvash Republic. Research methods employed are a survey, the study of documentation on employees’ adaptation in the organization, testing digital skills and competencies with subsequent analysis and systematization of the results. The result of the study is identification of a direct correlation between adaptation speed and the level of IT competences command, which is important to take into account when selecting personnel and when developing and improving adaptation programs.

Identifying the rail operating features associated to intermodal freight rail operation delays

Intermodal freight rail operations represent a complex stochastic system that is impacted by disruptions and disturbances from diverse causes like extreme weather events, unplanned upstream network delays, equipment failures, labor actions, and intra-railyard inefficiency, which in turn generate delays in travel times. Understanding and predicting the delays caused by the occurrence of these disruptions and disturbances holds the potential to limit their system-wide schedule impact through early-warning prompting mitigating actions.This paper presents the training of a suite of supervised machine learning models using classification algorithms to predict the delay times caused by the occurrence of disruptions and disturbances in intermodal freight rail operations, and the most suitable model in terms of the evaluation metrics (e.g., AUC, recall, and F1-score) was used to explore the major predictors of the delays caused by disturbances and disruptions (using the Morris method). The supporting dataset includes intermodal freight rail operations with origin the central station of the freight rail network of CFL, the National Railway Company of Luxembourg, in the intermodal hub of Bettembourg, connecting several EU countries terminals forming a pan-European network.Results reveal that the CatBoost implementation of the gradient boosting machine model outperforms other ML models in terms of the selected metrics. Additionally, results suggest that the train weight, train length, number of TEU, weight per wagon, distance between stations, and the month of operation are key features to predict the delays caused by the occurrence of disruptions and disturbances in the freight operations in the studied rail network. The outcome of the study suggests that longer and more heavily loaded trains are related to the occurrence of trip delays, and this insight can be used to optimize the freight operations of the National Railway Company of Luxembourg.

Data-компетенции субъектов педагогической и управленческой аналитики в образовании

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to analyze the changing labor actions of education leaders and teachers in connection with the organization of the analysis of educational data accumulated by students in the digital educational environment. This, in turn, actualizes the need for the development of competencies in the analysis of educational data for a reasonable organization of human development and education. In the context of the digital transformation of education, the development of digital educational platforms, the development of digital services for assessing the quality of education, monitoring education, the issues of the methodology of data analysis and their competent application in pedagogical and managerial practice are being actualized. The article examines how educational analytics is used in the practice of schools, what problems educational leaders experience in pedagogy when working with data, what data sources they use. It was studied: what competencies are necessary for a teacher and the head of an educational organization in order to organize evidence-based development of education based on data. Leading research methods: structural and functional analysis, interviewing, polling, systematization, ranking, statistical analysis. The article summarizes the results of a study of the changing labor functions of teachers in the context of the digitalization of education, the competencies of teachers and managers in the application of data analysis in educational practice: digital competencies (digital competencies), data analysis competencies (data competencies), competencies for organizing development based on data (competence of a data-driven development organization). The problem is revealed: how the methodology and labor functions of teachers in the organization of education change based on the analysis of data: educational results, motivational choices of training profiles, levels of difficulty of educational tasks, topics of design and research work of schoolchildren, etc. Expansion of labor actions of teachers and heads of educational organizations and competences that ensure the implementation of labor actions are investigated. The development of data-competencies of teachers and education leaders for the evidence-based development of education and a person is analyzed. The research results presented in the article contribute to the theory and practice of teacher education, education management, as well as to the methodology of data science and the practice of its application in the field of education.

Educational results of future teachers in the field of education and their means of their assessment

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of educational outcome in the field of educational activities and the basis for its design. Determining the quality of professional training of a future teacher in the field of educational activities is directly related to a reliable and optimal determination of the level of achievement of a students educational results, since a timely assessment of the level of educational results allows you to create a flexible system for responding to deficit areas in a students education, on the basis of which effective and personalized management takes place. content of education. The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis, definition and substantiation of the content and composition of the educational results of future teachers in the field of educational activities and evaluative means of achieving them. Methods for researching a scientific problem are theoretical analysis of scientific literature in the field of pedagogy and psychology, methods for designing analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem. The authors consider the content of the concept of educational result through the integration of competence and labor actions based on the methodological unity of competence-based and activity-based approaches. The paper reveals the content of the educational results of future teachers developed by the authors in the field of educational activities and indicators of their achievement. The authors analyze the means of assessing educational results and the structure of their construction. Test tasks and case tasks are singled out as the main evaluative means of achieving the educational results of future teachers. As a result of the study, three main educational outcomes in the field of educational activities were developed. To assess the educational results of the field of educational activities, indicators of the achievement of educational results in the preparation of future teachers for educational activities have been developed. The formulation of the educational result allows to determine the target component of the educational process, as well as to select the optimal combination of methodological approaches and means in organizing the conditions for its achievement. An important aspect is the selection of optimal evaluation tools for independent evaluation of educational results.

Modernizing the structure of educators’ ICT competencies to train future teachers to use e-learning methods and networking

The research investigated teacher training in the area of using ICT tools in professional activity as well as educational standards of higher education in pedagogical specialties. The analysis has demonstrated that those academic disciplines of the standard that reflect the problems of employing ICT tools in education do not fully address the issues of creating electronic learning resources (ELR). Moreover, the same observation concerns developing distance learning systems. Such systems automate the processes of collecting, processing, producing information, information interaction between participants in online learning, planning learning sessions in class and out-of-class time as well as managing students’ group, individual educational, and research activity in the digital environment. Basically, the competencies formed are oriented towards the classical learning model of education. Thus, they do not describe the above- mentioned specific features of the teacher’s professional activity in the digital environment in a clear and general way. The educational specialty-specific standards, standard syllabuses of disciplines, and curricula to prepare graduates developed on a competence-based basis constitute the regulatory and methodological framework for modernizing the educational process at pedagogical universities. The structure of teachers’ ICT competencies in the field of e-learning methods and networking is based on the requirements of the professional qualification standard of a teacher, the 3+ educational standards in the system of higher education of the Republic of Belarus as well as the National and European Qualifications Frameworks for Higher Education. The analysis of the requirements of the standard revealed a range of labor actions and functions associated with the need to form and develop certain media and ICT competencies of a teacher in the process of continuous pedagogical education. The article presents the general structure of teachers’ ICT competencies in the field of e-learning and networking methods. It is recommended to detail these competencies through developing relevant descriptors. The given structure of ICT competencies is also intended for designing electronic course descriptors in the Moodle distance learning system to assess the quality of teacher education in university electronic information and educational environment.

Assessment of teacher competence within the context of their professional development: Analysis of international theory and practice

Introduction. The paper is concerned with the solution of an important research problem – the construction of a methodology for the development of procedures and tools for evaluating teachers within the framework of an independent assessment of their competencies based on the analysis of Russian and international theory and practice. The purpose of the article is to identify conceptual approaches and evaluation models widespread in the international theory and best practice of evaluating teacher performance which can be used in building a national system of independent evaluation of teacher professionalism. Materials and Methods. Competence and system-activity approaches became the methodological basis of the study. A comparative and problem analyses of the evolution of models for assessing teachers’ professionalism were implemented by means of general research methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, and historical periodization. The sources included international publications from more than 30 countries, covering the period of the last 25 years. The sources were analyzed from the point of view of the expediency and possibility of using these approaches in building up a national system of independent assessment of teacher professionalism as a tool which would ensure both professional development of individual teachers and enhancing professional growth of educators all around the country. Results. The results of the analysis indicate the impossibility of direct transfer of international concepts and experience of teacher evaluation to the national system of independent assessment of teacher professionalism but allow the authors to make suggestions to the developers of the content and format of such inventories. Evaluation of proficiency in the subject taught may be deemed appropriate only at the theoretical part of the professional exam. Analysis of international models of teacher evaluation shows that Russian professional standards should be improved in terms of specifying labor functions and labor actions in such a way that they allow to fix clearly and unambiguously criteria that are understandable to all the stakeholders and can serve as a basis for independent assessment of professionalism as well as for identifying professional difficulties of teachers. It is important that identical assessment tools can be used to achieve the goals mentioned, but the ways of interpreting the assessment results should differ, since the same tools are designed in one case to carry out an administrative (summative) assessment, and in the other to serve the purposes of a formative assessment to compensate for the teacher's professional deficits. The developers should provide for the possibility of specifying criteria by clarifying the context of activities to consider the priorities of educational policy, regional specifics, and the specifics of educational institutions. Developers must also comply with the requirements for assessment tools, ensuring their ability to assess qualifications objectively, validly, and reliably for compliance with agreed criteria. The requirements of informing the objects about the evaluation objectives and procedure in advance, the need for special training of experts to conduct the evaluation procedure and summarize its results, and special measures aimed at ensuring the acceptance of the evaluation procedure by all the stakeholders are also relevant. Conclusions. Conclusions contain recommendations for the developers of the independent assessment procedure of teacher professionalism based on the findings of the analysis conducted.