L-histidine Monohydrochloride Monohydrate Research Articles

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced using Escherichia coli NITE SD 00268 for all animal species (Kyowa Hakko Europe GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l‐histidine monohydrochloride (HCl) monohydrate produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli (NITE SD 00268) when used as a nutritional additive or as a feed flavouring compound in feed for all animal species. The active substance of the additive is l‐histidine. The production strain has been modified by conventional mutagenesis and it does not raise safety concerns. The additive under assessment is safe for the target species when used as a nutritional additive to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts to cover the requirements, depending on the species, the physiological state of the animal, the performance level, the environmental conditions, the background amino acid composition of the unsupplemented diet and the status of some essential trace elements. This conclusion would cover its use as flavouring compound. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced by E. coli NITE SD 00268, when used at the proposed conditions of use, is safe for the consumer and for the environment. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced using E. coli NITE SD 00268 is not a skin irritant. In the absence of data, it is not possible to conclude on the potential of the additive to be toxic by inhalation, irritant to eyes or a skin sensitiser. The additive l‐histidine HCl monohydrate is regarded as an effective source of the amino acid l‐histidine when used as a nutritional additive. For the supplemental l‐histidine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen. l‐Histidine is efficacious as a flavouring compound.

Fast remote correlation experiments for 1H homonuclear decoupling in solids

In 1H MAS spectra, the residual homogeneous broadening under MAS is due to a combination of higher-order shifts and splittings. We have recently shown how the two-dimensional anti-z-COSY experiment can be used for the removal of the splittings. However, this requires spectra with high resolution in the indirect dimension (t1), leading to experiment times of hours. Here, we show how anti-z-COSY can be adapted to be combined with the two-dimensional one pulse (TOP) transformation which leads to significantly reduced experimental time while retaining the line narrowing effect. The experiment is demonstrated on a powdered sample of L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate, where the new TAZ-COSY sequence at 100 kHz MAS, yields between a factor 1.6 and 2.3 increase in resolution compared with the equivalent one-pulse experiment, in just 20 min. The same methodology is also adapted for the acquisition of liquid state 1H homodecoupled data, and an example is given for testosterone.

Safety and efficacy of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced by fermentation with Escherichiacoli (NITE BP-02526) for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l‐histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli (NITE BP‐02526) when used as a nutritional additive or as a feed flavouring compound in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The product under assessment is l‐histidine HCl H2O produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of E. coli (NITE BP‐02526). The production strain and its recombinant DNA were not detected in the final products. l‐Histidine HCl H2O does not give rise to any safety concern to the production strain. The use of l‐histidine HCl H2O is safe for the target species when used to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts. It is safe at the proposed use level of 25 mg/kg when used as a flavouring compound for all animal species. The use of l‐histidine HCl H2O in animal nutrition raises no safety concerns for consumers of animal products. The additive is not irritating to the skin or eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. There is a risk for persons handling the additive from the exposure to endotoxins by inhalation. The use of l‐histidine as a feed additive does not represent a risk to the environment. The additive l‐histidine HCl H2O is regarded as an effective source of the amino acid l‐histidine when used as a nutritional additive. For the supplemental l‐histidine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it requires protection against degradation in the rumen. It is also considered efficacious as a feed flavouring compound under the proposed conditions of use.

Safety and efficacy of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced using Corynebacteriumglutamicum KCCM 80179 for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l‐histidine monohydrochloride (HCl) monohydrate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80179 when used as a nutritional additive (amino acid) and as a sensory additive (flavouring compound) in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The production strain is not genetically modified. No viable cells of the production strain were detected in the final product. The use of l‐histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced by fermentation using C. glutamicum KCCM 80179 is safe for the target species when used as a nutritional additive to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts to cover the requirements, depending on the species, the physiological state of the animal, the performance level, the environmental conditions, the background amino acid composition of the unsupplemented diet and the status of some essential trace elements such as copper and zinc. This conclusion would also cover the use as a sensory additive. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced using C. glutamicum KCCM 80179 supplemented at levels appropriate for the requirements of species and life stage is considered safe for the consumer. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced using C. glutamicum KCCM 80179 is not irritant to skin, is mildly irritant to eyes, and it is not a skin sensitiser. The additive does not pose a risk to users by inhalation. The use of l‐histidine HCl monohydrate produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80179 in animal nutrition is not expected to represent a risk to the environment. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate is considered an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l‐histidine for non‐ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l‐histidine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen. It is also considered efficacious as a feed flavouring compound under the proposed conditions of use.

Safety and efficacy of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80172 for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l‐histidine monohydrochloride (HCl) monohydrate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80172 when used as a nutritional additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The production strain is genetically modified. The production strain and its recombinant DNA were not detected in the final product. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate manufactured by fermentation using C. glutamicum KCCM 80172 does not give rise to any safety concern regarding the genetic modification. The use of l‐histidine HCl monohydrate produced by fermentation using C. glutamicum KCCM 80172 is safe for the target species when used as a nutritional additive to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts to cover the requirements, depending on the species, the physiological state of the animal, the performance level, the environmental conditions, the background amino acid composition of the unsupplemented diet and the status of some essential trace elements such as copper and zinc. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced using C. glutamicum KCCM 80172 supplemented at levels appropriate for the requirements of the target species is considered safe for the consumer. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate produced using C. glutamicum KCCM 80172 is not irritant to skin, is a mildly irritant to eyes, and it is not a skin sensitiser. The additive does not pose a risk to users by inhalation. The use of l‐histidine HCl monohydrate produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80172 in animal nutrition is not expected to represent a risk to the environment. l‐Histidine HCl monohydrate is considered an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l‐histidine for non‐ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l‐histidine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.

Effects of the perspiration on the photo-fading of reactive dyes

In this paper, we aim to study the effects of artificial sweat components on the photo-fading of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics. Two standards of artificial perspiration were tested according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS L 0888 standard) and the Association for Textile Technical Study (ATTS standard), respectively. The light and perspiration stability of reactive dyes was characterized using the color difference value (DE). Standard orthogonal experiments were designed to study the influences of each artificial sweat component and the interaction between these components on the photo-fading reaction of the selected reactive dyes. The results indicated that L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate (0.5 g/L) was the dominant influencing factor on the light and perspiration stability of the reactive dyes exposing under both standards of artificial perspiration. In the JIS L 0888 standard, sodium chloride (5.0 g/L) played the significant role in the photo-fading reaction of the reactive dyes, while the influences caused by other components could be neglected. In the ATTS standard, sodium chloride (5.0 g/L), DL-aspartic acid (0.5 g/L) and glucose (5.0 g/L) aggravated the photo-fading of the selected reactive dyes.

DNP enhanced NMR with flip-back recovery

DNP methods can provide significant sensitivity enhancements in magic angle spinning solid-state NMR, but in systems with long polarization build up times long recycling periods are required to optimize sensitivity. We show how the sensitivity of such experiments can be improved by the classic flip-back method to recover bulk proton magnetization following continuous wave proton heteronuclear decoupling. Experiments were performed on formulations with characteristic build-up times spanning two orders of magnitude: a bulk BDPA radical doped o-terphenyl glass and microcrystalline samples of theophylline, l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate, and salicylic acid impregnated by incipient wetness. For these systems, addition of flip-back is simple, improves the sensitivity beyond that provided by modern heteronuclear decoupling methods such as SPINAL-64, and provides optimal sensitivity at shorter recycle delays. We show how to acquire DNP enhanced 2D refocused CP-INADEQUATE spectra with flip-back recovery, and demonstrate that the flip-back recovery method is particularly useful in rapid recycling regimes. We also report Overhauser effect DNP enhancements of over 70 at 592.6 GHz/900 MHz.

Opinion of the Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate as feed additive for use in salmonids

Opinion of the Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate as feed additive for use in salmonids

Applications of the CSA-amplified PASS experiment

The recently reported CSA-amplified PASS experiment correlates the spinning sidebands at the true spinning frequency ω r with the spinning sidebands that would be obtained at the effective spinning frequency ω r / N , where N is termed the scaling factor. The experiment is useful for the measurement of small chemical shift anisotropies, for which slow magic-angle spinning frequencies, required to measure several spinning sidebands, can be unstable. We have experimentally evaluated the reliability of this experiment for this application. In particular we have demonstrated that large scaling factors of the order of N = 27 may be used, whilst still obtaining accurate chemical shift sideband intensities at the effective spinning frequency from the F 1 projection. Moreover, the sideband intensities are accurately obtained even in the presence of significant pulse imperfections. A second application of the CSA-amplified PASS experiment is the measurement of the chemical shift anisotropy of sites that experience homonuclear dipolar coupling, as may be found in uniformly labelled biological molecules, or for nuclei with a high natural abundance. The effects of homonuclear dipolar coupling on CSA-amplified PASS spectra has been investigated by numerical simulations and are demonstrated using uniformly 13C enriched l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate.

Study of Intravenous Hyperalimentation: Effect of Selected Amino Acids on the Stability of Intravenous Fat Emulsions

□ In an attempt to resolve the conflicts relevant to intravenous fat emulsion compatibility two amino acids, L-valine and L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate, were chosen as intravenous additives, and these substances were investigated as to whether they could induce significant changes in the physicochemical properties of an intravenous soybean oil emulsion. The stability of the fat emulsion was evaluated in terms of gross visual observation, particle size distribution, surface tension, pH, and the zeta potential. It was found that (a) no significant difference was produced on the particle size distribution up to 7 d after admixing, (b) the mean diameter of oil globules was ~0.21–0.24 μm, and (c) the fat emulsion was sufficiently stable, with a zeta potential ranging between –30 and –60 mV. The relationship of the isoelectric point (pI) of the amino acids and the pH of the buffer solutions was determined to be one of the most important factors in the stability of the fat emulsion.