L-arginine Solution Research Articles

Carbon dots with high brightness and stability towards efficient Cr(Ⅵ) and l-arginine sensors

To create fluorescent sensors for Cr (VI) and l-arginine detection, blue-emitting carbon dots (CDs, named as M-CDs) were prepared via a solvothermal synthesis by using m-phenylenediamine. The introduction of sulfuric acid changed the blue-emitting of CDs into green-emitting (named as S-CDs), in which the photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelengths of samples M-CDs and S-CDs were 450 and 540 nm, while their PL efficiencies were 21.7 and 84.2 % respectively. Sulfuric acid resulted in the average fluorescent lifetime of the CDs was prolonged into 8.19 from 4.65 ns. The photo and thermal stable tests demonstrated that theses CDs revealed excellent stability. Meanwhile, CDs flexible films with bright blue- and green-emitting were prepared utilizing the favorable solubility of CDs in polar solvents. Mono-dispersed CDs as luminescent materials demonstrated it promising prospects in luminescent devices field. Furthermore, M-CDs exhibited excellent selectivity towards Cr(Ⅵ) and l-arginine. The detected limit (0.86 μM for Cr(Ⅵ) and 0.43 μM for l-arginine) was determined by assessing the response of M-CDs to various concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) ion and l-arginine solutions. These bright CDs revealed great potential for accurate detection of Cr(Ⅵ) and l-arginine.

Submicroscopic changes of type II alveolocytes in the late development of experimental acute pancreatitis

Background. Today, acute pancreatitis is one of the most common and severe visceral disorders in patients worldwide. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of type II alveolocytes in the long-term periods of development of experimental acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 54 white Wistar male rats weighing 180–220 g. The animals were divided into three groups: first — intact, second — control, third — experimental with a model of acute pancreatitis, which was reproduced by intraperitoneal administration of a 20% solution of L-arginine at a total dose of 5 g/kg at one-hour interval. The control group of animals was intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent dose of isotonic sodium chloride solution. All research were performed under sodium thiopental anesthesia at the rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. Lung tissue for electron microscopic examination was collected from the lower lobe of the left lung at 3–5 and 7 days. Pieces of lung tissue measuring 1×1×1 mm were fixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, followed by additional fixation in a 1% osmium tetroxide solution. After dehydration, the material was poured into Epon-Araldite. Sections with a thickness of 20–50 nm obtained on “Tesla BS-490” ultramicrotome were studied in a PEM-125K electron microscope. Results. It was found that three days after the start of the study, along with dystrophic-destructive changes, type II alveolocytes in a state of increased functional activity were observed. Continuation of the experiment (5 days) leads to the progression of ultrastructural changes in type II alveolocytes are determined, which are most pronounced on the 7 day of the study. Conclusion. Acute experimental pancreatitis is accompanied by marked changes in the ultrastructural structure of type II alveolocytes. The nature and severity of structural changes of type II alveolocytes depends on the duration of the course of arginine-induced acute pancreatitis.

Core-shell nanofibers containing L-arginine stimulates angiogenesis and full thickness dermal wound repair

Despite the advances in medicine, wound healing is still challenging and piques the interest of biomedical engineers to design effective wound dressings using natural and artificial polymers. In present study, coaxial electrospinning was employed to fabricate core–shell nanofiber-based wound dressing, with core composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and shell comprising 0.5 % solution of L-Arginine (L-Arg) in aloe vera and keratin (AloKr). Aloe vera and keratin were added as natural polymers to promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation, and provide antibacterial activity, whereas PAAm in core was used to improve the tensile properties of the wound dressing. Moreover, L-Arg was incorporated in shell to promote angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. The fiber diameter of PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core–shell fibers was (93.33 ± 35.11 nm) with finer and straighter fibers and higher water holding capacity due to increased surface area to volume ratio. In terms of tensile properties, the PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core–shell nanofibers with tensile strength and elastic modulus of 2.84 ± 0.27 MPa and 62.15 ± 5.32 MPa, respectively, showed the best mechanical performance compared to other nanofibers tested. Furthermore, PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) exhibited the highest L-Arg release (87.62 ± 3.02 %) and viability of L929 cells in vitro compared to other groups. In addition, the highest rate of in vivo full thickness wound healing was observed in PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) group compared to other groups. It significantly enhanced the angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation. The prepared PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core–shell nanofibrous dressing could be promising for full-thickness wound healing.

Ultrastructural organization of alveolar macrophages during late development of experimental acute pancreatitis

Background. Nowadays, acute pancreatitis continues to remain an actual problem both in surgery and in intensive care medicine. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of alveolar macrophages in the long-term development of experimental acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 62 white Wistar male rats weighing 180–220 g. The animals were divided into three groups: first — intact, second — control, third — experimental with a model of acute pancreatitis, which was reproduced by intraperitoneal administration of a 20% solution of L-arginine in a total dose of 5 g/kg at one-hour interval. The control group of animals was intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent dose of isotonic sodium chloride solution. All research were performed under sodium thiopental anesthesia at the rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. Lung tissue for electron microscopic examination was collected from the lower lobe of the left lung at 3–5 and 7 days. Pieces of lung tissue measuring 1×1×1 mm were fixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, followed by additional fixation in a 1% osmium tetroxide solution. After dehydration, the material was poured into Epon-Araldite. Sections with a thickness of 20–50 nm obtained on “Tesla BS-490” ultramicrotome were studied in a PEM-125K electron microscope. Results. It was found that three days after the start of the study, significant heterogeneity of alveolar macrophages was observed in the alveolar lumen. Next to active phagocytic macrophage elements with dystrophic-destructive changes are determined. Continuation of the experiment (5 days) leads to the progression of submicroscopic changes in alveolar macrophages, which are most pronounced on the7 day of the study. Conclusion. Acute experimental pancreatitis is accompanied by pronounced changes in the ultrastructural structure of alveolar macrophages. The features and severity of structural changes in alveolar macrophages depends on the duration of arginine-induced acute pancreatitis.

The evaluation of L-arginine solution as a solvent for propolis extraction: The phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and invitro bioaccessibility.

Ethanol has been widely used for the extraction of propolis. Due to its certain disadvantages, there has been an ongoing search to find alternative non-ethanolic extraction solvents. This study aimed to compare the phenolics, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of propolis extracts prepared with 70% ethanol (EWE), propylene glycol (PGE), and L-arginine solution (BE). All extracts were subjected to an invitro simulated digestion procedure, and the phenolic profile of non-digested and digested samples was determined by using LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the change in total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities were determined at each digestion phase. TPC and TFC of non-digested propolis extracts had similar values, although BE showed higher antioxidant capacity (p < .05). The amount of TPC reached or transformed at the intestinal stage was higher for BE and PG compared to EWE. BE also provided the highest antioxidant capacity assay in digested samples. The most common phenolics were pinocembrin, pinobanskin, galangin, and CAPE in non-digested extracts. However, their concentration was drastically reduced by digestion, and their recovery (R%) ranged from 0% to 9.38% of the initial amount detected in the non-digested extracts. Chrysin was the most bioaccessible flavonoid in all extracts. Among phenolic acids, the highest R% was determined for trans-cinnamic acid (22.14%) from BE. All extracts showed invitro inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggests that an L-arginine solution could be used as an alternative solvent to ethanol and propylene glycol for propolis extraction.

Injection of l-arginine or l-lysine before freezing delays the emulsifying and gelling properties deterioration of myofibrillar proteins of frozen porcine Longissimus lumborum muscle.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of injecting l-arginine and l-lysine solution before freezing and after thawing on the emulsifying and gelling properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) of frozen porcine longissimus dorsi. The results showed that the pre-freezing injections were more effective in alleviating the decrease in emulsifying properties of MPs compared with the post-thawing injections, as evidenced by higher emulsion creaming index, oil droplet size, interfacial absorptive protein amount, and viscoelasticity. Additionally, the pre-freezing injections could effectively mitigate the damage to the gelling properties of MPs, as evidenced by the formation of a homogeneous and compact gel network with stronger water retention, strength and chemical forces, as well as a higher proportion of non-flowing water, whereas the post-thawing injections could not. These results demonstrated that the injection of l-arginine and l-lysine solution before freezing could delay freezing-induced damage to the emulsifying and gelling properties of MPs, keeping the processing characteristics of frozen porcine.

Alternative therapy of menopausal vegetative disorders in women taking the metabolic status into account

Research objectives: to study the clinical effectiveness of alternative complex therapy of vegetative syndrome in menopausal patients using L-arginine and xylitol drugs. Materials and methods. The clinical prospective study included 50 patients in the early postmenopausal period with natural menopause, neurovegetative and psychoemotional manifestations of the climacteric syndrome. According to the Life extension strategy, patients received intravenous L-arginine (Tivortin drug) and xylitol solution with electrolytes (Xylat drug) for endothelial protection and correction of insulin resistance in order to treat climacteric syndrome. Modified Kupperman menopausal index, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels were determined in all women. Examinations were performed before the start of therapy and 3 months after the end of treatment.Results. The Life extension therapeutic strategy as an alternative comprehensive therapy of the vegetative syndrome in menopausal patients contributed to a reliable reduction of the manifestations of the climacteric syndrome. The advantage of combined therapy involving L-arginine and xylitol was manifested in a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.043); reduction of the Kupperman index (p = 0.002) and the average score of vasomotor symptoms (p = 0.02). There was also a significant decrease in the serum level of insulin (p = 0.00007), HOMA index (p = 0.01), low-density lipoproteins (p = 0.04), and triglycerides (p = 0.03). The selected therapy was well tolerated during the observation period.Conclusions. The combined therapy involving L-arginine and xylitol in the early postmenopausal period with neurovegetative and psychoemotional manifestations of the climacteric syndrome had a pronounced clinical effect, which consisted in a significant reduction of vegetative disorders and stabilization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The given therapeutic strategy can be considered as an alternative therapy in patients with climacteric disorders when phytotherapy is ineffective and when there are contraindications or limitations to menopausal hormone therapy. The results of this study showed the safety of the Life extension strategy.

The features of the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women with gestational endotheliopathy in the first trimester

The objective: to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of L-arginine in the prevention of preeclampsia and reduction of other perinatal risks in patients with preclinical gestational endotheliopathy (GE).Materials and methods. A comparative clinical study was performed at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology N. 1 of the Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. 116 pregnant women with preclinical GE (main group), which was diagnosed by laboratory and instrumental research (microalbuminuria and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation), took part in the study. The patients of the main group were divided into clinical subgroups: 31 pregnant women with GE in subgroup A received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at a dose of 75 mg per or per day; 33 patients with preclinical GE from subgroup B received L-arginine at a dose of 4-4.2 g per or per day; 52 pregnant women with preclinical GE who refused prophylactic treatment were included in the subgroup C. The control group involved 58 pregnant women with a physiological gestation and without GE.The clinical effectiveness of the therapy was assessed by comparing the number of cases of perinatal pathology in the I, II and III trimesters.Results. The use of L-arginine as an alternative preventive therapy for the development of preeclampsia and other perinatal pathology made possible to reduce the rate of preeclampsia significantly (RR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.77; p=0.02) and placental hyperplasia/hypoplasia (RR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.68; p=0.01), compared to patients who did not receive any preventive treatment. In pregnant women with early-onset gestational endotheliopathy who received L-arginine, placental dysfunction was not diagnosed in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy and there were no cases of fetal growth retardation. The use of L-arginine was not associated with side effects and/or adverse reactions in the proposed dose and frequency of administration and can be considered beneficial for the mother and the fetus.Conclusions. Prescribing ASA and L-arginine drugs for pregnant women with a moderate degree of perinatal risk (preclinical GE) made possible not only to prolong pregnancy, but also to prevent the development of severe perinatal pathology. A more pronounced clinical effectiveness of the course prescription of solution of L-arginine per or (daily dose of L-arginine - 4.0-4.2 g) in pregnant women with preclinical form of GE may be associated with the endotheliotropic protective effect of the drug.The appropriateness of using L-arginine during pregnancy is still debated, and further researches are needed to determine the optimal dosage, initial period for using and duration for the best prophylactic or therapeutic effect.

Endurance training and L-arginine intake: Their effect on antioxidant indices in the heart muscles of rats.

Background: One of the side effects of doing sports activities is the increase of free radicals and oxidative stress. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of increasing endurance training with L-arginine supplementation on oxidative indices in the cardiac organ of male Wistar rats. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups control, L-arginine, endurance training, and L-arginine plus endurance training. Animals in the endurance training groups completed increasing endurance training on a motorized treadmill (60-min/session, 5 times/week) for 8 weeks. Animals in the L-arginine groups consumed an L-arginine solution daily (4 mg/kg/body weight). In the supplement group, L-arginine was given to the mice as a solution in water and as a gavage. Forty- eight hours after the last endurance training session, a heart tissue sample was taken and placed in an RNAlater liquid. Spectrophotometry and an ELISA kit were used to calculate the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: The present study showed that endurance training and L-arginine consumption did not affect SOD activity. L-arginine intake increased GPX. Endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA compared to the supplemented group (p = 0.01). Also, the consumption of L-arginine significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity TAC in the supplement group compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that taking an L-arginine supplement can increase antioxidant enzymes.

Embryo Development and Chick Performance of Local Chicken Following In-Ovo Injection of L-Arginine Into Local Chicken Eggs

This study aims to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine into local chicken eggs on embryo development and chick performance of local chicken. A total of 160 eggs were incubated using semi-automatic incubator with temperature of 37-38C and relative humidity of 55-65%. The injected L-arginine solution has a concentration of 0.5% (m/v). In treatment was divided into 4 groups, the first treatment was without injection (control), the second treatment was the injection of 0.2 mL L-arginine solution 0.5% (m/v)/egg, the third treatment was the injection of 0.4 mL L-arginine solution. 0.5% (m/v)/egg, and fourth treatment was the injection of L-arginine solution 0.6 mL 0.5%(m/v)/egg. The results showed that embryo mortality and hatchability were lower with L-arginine injection treatment than without injection. All treatments showed no effect on extraembryonic fluid absorption, but there was an increase in embryo weight in the injection treatment 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mL L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs 2,355 g, 2,577 g, 2,705, respectively. In conclusion, an in-ovo injection of L-arginine in local chicken eggs has a good effect (the beneficial effect) on embryo death and embryo performance. Injection of 0.4 ml L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs improved hatchability and Newly Hatched Chick Weight (NHCW).

The pathogenic pathways of cardiovascular disease in perimenopausal women.

Menopause is associated with disturbed cardiovascular health. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and its combination with diet, L-arginine, and xylitol solutions on metabolic processes and cardiovascular health in perimenopausal women. In total 106 women were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. The 36 patients of Group II received HRT. 35 women who had been prescribed additionally to HRT a diet, L-arginine, and also xylitol were included in Group III. 35 healthy reproductive-aged women were included in Group I (control). The variables body mass index (BMI), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and C-reactive protein, and menopausal Cooperman's score were determined before and after the 3-month program. The obtained results showed the homogeneity of average age, BMI, HR, BP, and Cooperman's score in Group II and Group III before inclusion in the study. But several variables changed significantly after a 3-month period. The study showed the effect of the 3-month program on BMI and Cooperman's score. We also found the restoration of the lipid profiles in Group III. The patients of perimenopausal age featured elevated levels of insulin and C-RP (C-reactive protein). The restoration of levels of insulin and CRP occurred in the process of the 3-month program. The use of a 3-month program including diet, xylitol, and L-arginine solutions contributed to the reduction of Cooperman's score, chronic inflammation, and restoration of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Experimental Detection and Simulation of Terahertz Spectra of Aqueous L-Arginine.

Terahertz (THz) wave is a good candidate for biological sample detection, because vibration and rotation energy levels of biomolecule are in THz band. However, the strong absorption of THz wave by water in biological samples hinders its development. In this paper, a method for direct detection of THz absorption spectra of L-arginine suspension was proposed by using a strong field THz radiation source combined with a polyethylene cell with micrometer thickness in a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. And the THz absorption spectrum of L-arginine solution was simulated by the density functional theory and the simulation result is in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the types of chemical bond interaction that cause the absorption peak are identified based on the experimental and simulation results. This work paves a way to investigate the THz absorption spectra and intramolecular interactions of aqueous biological samples.

Study of endothelin-1 dynamics in the pathogenesis of experimental peritonitis and under the influence of different methods of correction

Background. Currently, one of the most serious complications of acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity is peritonitis. Objective: to study the development of endothelial dysfunction in experimental peritonitis and compare its correction with a solution of decamethoxine, aminoguadine and L-arginine.&#x0D; Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted on 260 white rats of reproductive age (3 months), animal weight — 180–220 g. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Fecal peritonitis was simulated by introducing a 10 % fecal suspension at a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight to the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method.&#x0D; Research results. Pathological increase in vasoconstriction caused by experimental peritonitis was revealed. It was found that the use of solution, consisting of decamethoxine (10 mg/50 ml of solution) and sodium hyaluronate, is an effective method of rehabilitation and the basis for further correction of complications of experimental fecal peritonitis.The use of aminoguadine in combination with the rehabilitation of the abdominal cavity with a solution of decamethoxine had a positive effect on reducing the level of endothelin-1 in the simulated peritonitis. Combination of nitric oxide donor with decamethoxine solution and sodium hyaluronate nitric oxide donor effect on reducing the level of endothelin-1 in the simulated peritonitis.&#x0D; Conclusions: Given the influence of endogenous intoxication on the increase of the marker of vasoconstriction, rehabilitation of the abdominal cavity, the choice of decamethoxine solution (10 mg/50 ml of solution) in the conditions of our study is justified.

Investigations of the vascular endothelial factor levels’ changes in experimental diabetic retinopathy

Introduction: The paper presents the results of the vascular endothelial growth factor of rats with experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR). Material and methods: Experimental studies were performed on white Wistar rats, which were divided into 7 groups: 1st group – intact animals; 2nd group – 60 animals with modelling of DR without correction (control pathology); 3rd group –60 animals with modelling of DR with correction of hyperglycemia; 4th group – 60 animals with modelling of DR with correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and L-arginine solution; 5th group – 60 animals with modelling of DR with correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenak; 6th group – 60 animals with modelling of DR with correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine solution and bromfenak; 7th group – 60 animals with modelling of DR with correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-arginine solution and citicoline. Results: The results of the analysis of the VEGF in the 2nd group confirm the development of DR, a particularly pronounced increase in the marker was detected on the 180th day of the development of the pathological process. The results of the 4th group indicate that the involvement of a nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of DR has positive effect on the reduction of the VEGF level, more pronounced compared to the 3rd group, but it does not reach normative values. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group No. 5) gives positive results, but less pronounced, compared to the data of the 4th group. It was found that in rats with DR with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group No. 6) at the first stage, there is a pronounced effectiveness of the proposed method of correction in comparison with the previously considered methods. The most pronounced positive effect of normalizing the VEGF level is observed when using a hypoglycemic drug in combination with the administration of aflibercept, a solution of L-arginine and citicoline (group No. 7). Conclusions: The obtained data confirm the development of diabetic retinopathy, a particularly marked increase in the marker was detected on the 180th day of the development of the pathological process (p&lt;0.001). Aflibercept has a positive effect on the normalization of this condition, but a more pronounced effect is observed in combination with long-term administration of L-arginine. The relationship between the normalization of the vascular growth factor and the correction of hypoxia was also revealed.

Effect of In-ovo Injection of L-Arginine on Hatchability, Chick Quality, Performances and Muscle Histology of Native Chicken

This study aimed to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine on hatchability, chick quality, performances, and muscle histology of native chicken. In-ovo injection was carried out on the 10th day. A total of 375 fertile eggs with an average weight ranged  39-43 g were grouped into 5 treatments. The first treatment was without injection (negative control), the second treatment was injection of NaCl solution 0.9% (positive control), the third treatment was injection of L-arginine solution 0.5 g per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (0.5%, m/v) The fourth treatment was injection of 1.0 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.0%, m/v), and the fifth treatment was injection of 1.5 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.5%, m/v). The injection was carried out at the pointed area of the egg in a vertical position (pointed below, blunt above). The Injection was carried out with a depth of 10 mm from the eggshell using an automatic injector. The results showed that all treatments produced the same hatchability. In-ovo injection of L-arginine has a beneficial effect on chick quality and post-hatch performance, the concentration of L-arginine solution used did not cause embryo death. In-ovo injection of 0.5% L-arginine increased hatching weight, weekly body weight, muscle mass, and myofiber size.

Dynamic of changes in the level of Interleukin 1B against the background of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy and under the influence of various methods of correction

The aim of our research is investigating the changes in the level of interleukin 1β in experimental animals, which were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction. The obtained indicate that already on the 30th day of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy, a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine level draws attention. Analyzing the data of group No. 3, it was established that the correction of the pathological condition with hypoglycemic agents has a positive effect but requires the involvement of additional means of correction in addition to the normalization of the level of glycemia. The results of the 4th experimental group indicate that the involvement of a nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy has a positive effect on the reduction of the level of Interleukin 1β, but it does not reach an approximation to the norm. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group No. 5) gives positive results, but less pronounced than involvement in the complex correction of L-arginine solution in the study of nitric oxide synthases, in the analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine level the results are better. It is also worth noting that this method of correction is not characterized by longevity and on the 180th day there is already a pronounced decrease in its effectiveness. It was found that in rats in which diabetic retinopathy was modeled with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group No. 6), there is a pronounced effectiveness of the proposed method of correction in comparison with the previously considered methods.&#x0D; As for the correction applied in the 7th group, in the first and second stages, the inflammation indicator is more elevated compared to the two previous groups (No. 5 and No. 6), but in the third stage, a marked decrease in the level of the marker was established, which indicates the effectiveness of the correction of the 7th group at more distant stages of the experiment.

Effect of THz spectra of L-Arginine molecules by the combination of water molecules

SummaryMost biomolecules are biologically active only in water; hence, it is worth investigating whether THz spectra of biomolecules are affected by the combination of water molecules and biomolecules. In this report, by combining the sample cell with the THz-TDS system, the THz spectra of L-Arginine crystal as well as its hydrate and aqueous solution are measured. The experimental results show that L-Arginine crystal and its hydrate share the same three absorption peaks at 0.99, 1.46, and 1.7 THz, respectively. But the trend of characteristic absorption spectrum of L-arginine solution is almost identical to that of free water. Because the contents of free water and hydrated water are different in many diseased and normal tissues, the diseased tissues can be detected according to the difference in THz spectral information. The proposed approach provides a reliable means for the detection of pathological changes of active molecules and tissues.

Carbon Dioxide Capture by Amino Acids through an Arginine–Arginine Carbamate Ion Pair

A novel complex comprising an ion pair of arginine–arginine carbamate is reported herein, which is isolated from an aqueous l-arginine solution after reacting with CO2. Its structure was unambiguou...

CHANGES IN ACTIVITY OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND METHODS FOR ITS CORRECTION

Diabetic retinopathy according to the World Health Organization reports is known as the main cause of decreased vision and blindness in diabetes. The purpose of the study is to analysis of changes in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimental diabetic retinopathy and in various methods of its correction. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on white Wistar rats weighting 180-220 g. The animals were divided into 7 groups: 1st group included 60 intact animals; 2nd group involved 60 animals with modelled diabetic retinopathy (DR) without further correction; 3rd group included 60 animals with modelled DR and subsequent hyperglycemia correction; 4th group included 60 animals with modelled DR, which received subsequent hyperglycemia correction with aflibercept and L-arginine solution administration; 5th group consisted of 60 animals with modelled DR and subsequent hyperglycemia correction by aflibercept and bromfenac administration; 6th group was formed by 60 animals with modelled DR and subsequent hyperglycemia correction by aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac administration; and the 7th group included 60 animals with modelled DR and subsequent hyperglycemia correction by aflibercept, L-arginine solution and citicoline. Results and conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate an increase in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, starting from the 30th day of the experiment and with subsequent progression to the 60 and 108 days of experimental diabetic retinopathy that points out the deterioration of the physiological pathway of nitric oxide synthesis. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in group 3 had a positive effect, but was not able to reduce the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which increased in the 2nd and 3rd stages, thus, there was a need for additional agents. The use of aflibercept and nitric oxide donor in group 4 to correct the progression of diabetic retinopathy significantly reduced the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (most effectively on the one hundred and eighty days of the experiment), but did not reach the control values. It has been proved that the correction applied in groups 5 and 6 significantly reduced the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase but did not reach the control values. Moreover, the marker activity in the group 5 grew up on the 108 day. The study has shown the most effective correction includes a combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline given to the rats of group 7, as evidenced by the normalization of malonic dialdehyde levels on the 60 day of the experiment; on the 108 days of experiment there has been a decrease in marker content to control values.

Research of changes in the level of endothelin-1 in experimental diabetic retinopathy. comparison of methods of correction

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) according to the WHO is the main cause of decreased vision and blindness due to diabetes.&#x0D; The aim of the study: to compare the effectiveness of correction of vasoconstriction in experimental diabetic retinopathy under the influence of different methods of correction.&#x0D; Our results indicate a violation of the functional state of blood vessels on the 30th day of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study, as evidenced by a significant increase in endothelin-1 in the 2nd group (p &lt;0.001), most pronounced in the 3rd stage.In the analysis of data of group №3 it was found that the correction of pathological conditions with hypoglycemic agents has a positive effect, but does not allow to significantly correct pathologically increased levels of endothelin-1, which indicates the need for additional correction tools other than hyperglycemia.The results of group 4 indicate that the involvement of a donor of nitric oxide and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy corrects the level of the studied marker, the most pronounced effect is observed on the 180th day of the experiment, but normative values can not be achieved. It was found that in the 5th group, in which the correction of the simulated pathological condition was performed by reducing hyperglycemia, the introduction of aflibercept and bromfenac gives positive results, but less pronounced than in the 4th group, where L-arginine solution was added to the complex correction. .It was found that rats of group 6, which simulated diabetic retinopathy with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac have a pronounced effectiveness of the proposed method of correction compared to previous methods, the level of vasoconstriction stage and continues to recover in the following stages of the experiment, but does not reach the normative values. The obtained data suggest that the method of correction selected in group 7, which includes reduction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, solution of L-arginine and citicoline is most effective for normalizing vascular tone and structural and functional state of the endothelium.