Kyrgyz People Research Articles

Эволюция народной медицины и ее место в социальной структуре кыргызов по эпосу «Манас»

In this article the authors analyzed the characteristics of folk medicine of the Kyrgyz people, which had been formed for many centuries. It was noted that the investigation of the traditional Kyrgyz nomadic folk medicine can be used to understand the inside world and spirit of the nomadic Kyrgyz people.

Особенности традиционного хозяйства кыргызов по эпосу «Манас»

In this article, the author analyzes the specialties of the traditional Kyrgyz nomadic economics, which were reflected in the epic of Manas. The analysis of the given epic shows traditional life and activity of the Kyrgyz people and it describes different branches of economics like cattle-breading, agriculture, hunting, trade and hand-craft in epical form. Stockbreeding was the main source of public welfare, the cattle belonged to individual or large families. The materials of «Manas» epic show that the Kyrgyz people used to have an extensive nomadic stockbreeding. The people roaming in steppe areas, bred horses, sheep, cattle, camels – Kyrgyz people called these animals «four kinds of cattle».

Working Class Subjectivities and Neoliberalisation in Kyrgyzstan: Developing Alternative Moral Selves

This article investigates the subjectivities of working class people in Kyrgyzstan, examining their boundary work produced in response to neoliberal changes. While working class people are depicted as unenterprising and ‘backward’ by the rich and the middle classes, they often react with anger and lament the colonisation of life by market values, usually invoking non-market norms and nostalgia for the Soviet era of labour, solidarity and equality. Most importantly, they draw upon alternative cultural resources and discourses, such as traditional morality and Islam, to develop alternative ‘caring’ and ‘pious’ selves, which dissociate wealth from moral worth and provide other sources of self-esteem. But these counter-values can also be problematic, as they are ineffective in countering market forces and hardening class divisions.

ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ОСТРОГО МИЕЛОБЛАСТНОГО ЛЕЙКОЗА У ДЕТСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ

Objective: To study the ethnic distribution features of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among children in Kyrgyzstan.Methods: The study covers the period from 2006 to 2016 with the inclusion of all cases of AML. The calculation carried out on 1 million children according to the National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. For the investigated period, registered 121 cases of AML in children (age category from 0 to 14 years) in Kyrgyzstan.Results: When comparing prevalence rates depending on the nationality, the highest numbers were in Kyrgyz-children with a value of 8.36 per 1 million population. The morbidity indicators in persons of Uzbek and Russian nationality were lower, that amounting to 6.2 and 4.29 per 1 million people respectively. Comparison of standardized incidence rates showed a similar pattern: for Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and Russians, they amounted to 2.59±0.06, 1.33±0.03 and 1.9±0.02, respectively.Conclusion: The unevenness of AML incidence caused by different percentage ratios of ethnic groups on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, and the highest morbidity rates among Kyrgyz people are due to its greater number.Keywords: Acute myeloblastic leukaemia, a standardized incidence rate.

THE GREAT OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF KYRGYZ STATEHOOD

The article presents a thorough analysis of the host of Kyrgyzstan in the Russian Empire and under the rule of the Bolsheviks. The tsarist authorities in the administrative arrangement of the Central Asia are analyzed. The revolt of 1916 in Kyrgyzstan confirmed the crisis of tsarist power and the desire of the Kyrgyz to radical transformations. In such a catastrophic situation during and after the uprising the Kyrgyz ethnic group faced with the threat of extinction. The October revolution and the coming of Bolsheviks to power created all conditions for consolidation of the Kyrgyz ethnic group. Socialist ideology filled in the existential vacuum of the peoples of Turkestan in the period of absolute monarchy in the Russian Empire. The Councils created in Turkestan harmonious environment for subsequent national-territorial demarcation and nation-building for all people who lived there. In Kyrgyzstan the attitude to the Soviets during the period of establishment of the Soviet power in Turkestan was not well-defined. In Northern regions this process was less intense, whereas in southern areas it was much stalled because of destructive forces in the face of counter-revolutionaries and foreign agents. However going through all of the constituent phases from an Autonomous region to the Federal part, the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet socialist Republic was formed on February 1, 1926. Joint efforts of Kyrgyz and the Soviet government started the process of liquidation of economic backwardness and organized the development of cultural and educational activities. On the basis of the analysis of the policy of the tsarist authorities and the Soviet regime against the Kyrgyz people there concluded that the Soviet government had played a positive historical role for Kyrgyzstan.

Çin Kırgızlarının Halk Edebiyatı ve Gelenek Görenekleri

Çin Kırgızlarının Halk Edebiyatı ve Gelenek Görenekleri

EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHER SCHOOL IN IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT

Category: research article. This article analyzes the economic performance of higher education institutions network of the Kyrgyz Republic, and in particular, one of the largest universities in the Kyrgyz Republic from 2013 to 2016. The results of the analysis will be used to develop a change in the financial management mechanism of structural divisions. The planned research is presented in several stages - initially, conceptual documents on the development of education in the Kyrgyz Republic are analyzed, determining the vector of changes in the higher education system; the next stage is the consideration of the Kyrgyz National University statistics as the object of the research. The aim is to carry out a statistical analysis of the university faculties in order to make a decision on financial management of the university. The research results indicated that there are three groups of faculties: the first group of faculties has a salary fund below 50 %; the second group is between 50 % and 100 %; and the third group of faculties is 100 % of income. But the university cannot close down the loss-making faculties (Scientific faculties), primarily due to obligations to the students, and secondly these faculties have the basic scientific potential of the university. The qualitative composition of the natural science faculties is 80-90 %. To stimulate the improvement of economic indicators some specific measures are proposed for financial management of the university. University management should pursue a common financial policy in relation to all the faculties of the university, but at the same time, the university must carry out the differentiation of each faculty according to the total income contribution to the university. The originality of the article is that the author proposes to abandon the faculty system and change to the program management of educational process; and allow educational programs managers to form their own staff, which will attract leading scientists and experts to improve the quality of education. According to the results of the analysis the university may prefer the most cost-effective educational programs; and the programs that show low efficiency - the university may provide subsidies for a limited period of time and give a warning that at the expiration of this period, subsidies will cease, and teachers’ salaries will be calculated in accordance with the program proceeds. The results of the study will be used in the construction of economic and mathematical tools in the university management. The use of economic and mathematical tools in the university management will allow solving the following problems: - implementing scientifically based forecasting of changes in quantitative manifestations of environmental factors; - receiving a reasonable information base for planning the activity of the university; - connecting indicators of the university effectiveness mechanisms with the staff motivation from the perspective of achieving long-term goals of the university.

ETHNIC SPECIFICS OF THE MAIN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PREVALENCE AMONG RURAL INHABITANTS OF A RUSSIAN REGION AND REGIONS OF KYRGYZSTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN

Aim . To investigate on the prevalence of the main cardiovascular RF among inhabitants of rural regions in three countries: Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, with the analysis of ethnic specifics (by the data from Interepid study). Material and methods . The study has been conducted under the framework of international project “Interepid”. Into analysis, the representative selections included, of rural inhabitants from Volga district of Samara Region of Russia (n=1050), from Chuysky Region of Kyrgyzstan Republic (n=1341) and Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan Republic (n=1807), age 25-64 y. o. Under the framework of “Interepid”, the investigation included questionnaires by special chart, objective data and laboratory tests. Smoking was set if at least one cigarette per day. Arterial hypertension was set by criteria of increased BP and in normal BP if on treatment. Obesity criteria: body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 as body mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Results. Among the three analyzed countries, smoking was most prevalent in the Russians in Kazakhstan, and the lowest — in Russia. Russian men smoked more commonly comparing to native inhabitants in Kazakhstan, as in Kyrgyzstan. Arterial hypertension prevalence in the five analyzed groups showed the most prevalence among Russian population in Kyrgyzstan. In Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, among men the mean SBP values were significantly higher in Russians. Obesity was the most prevalent among rural inhabitants of Kyrgyzstan, among men and women of Kyrgyz nationality, and the peak of this parameter was at 50-59 y. o.; obesity prevalence declined after 60 y. o. Conclusion. There remains high prevalence of CVD risk factors on the postsoviet area. The data obtained, points on ethnic differences of the main CVD risk factors inside the countries. It was shown that at populational level the Russians, living in rural areas of Middle Asia countries have more risk factors comparing to the Russians living in Russia (Samarskaya Region).

Сравнительная оценка физического развития студентов медицинских институтов Тамбовского государственного университета им. Г.Р. Державина и Кыргызско-Российского Славянского университета

Сравнительная оценка физического развития студентов медицинских институтов Тамбовского государственного университета им. Г.Р. Державина и Кыргызско-Российского Славянского университета

On the origin of the Naiman

The work is dedicated to the problem of the origin of the medieval Altai ethnos of Naimans, who were able to form an early feudal state in Altai in the 12th century. The scientific literature ascribed them the Turkic, Mongol or Turko-Mongol origin. The work studies the issue of the origin of the Naiman in the context of studying the etymology of the ethnonym Naiman. It offers a new hypothesis of the emergence of the ethnonym Naiman among historical terms, which could have been inherited or borrowed from the eight constituent alliance of Kangar-Pecheneg tribes. The paper examines possible ethnopolitical and ethnogenetic, as well as ethnocultural ties of the Naiman with the Az, the Kangar-Pecheneg, the Kuchuk, the Tumat, the Oguz, the Khitan and other Altaic tribes. Based on the study, analysis and comparison of the version of the epic Manas described in the book Madzhumu at-Tavarikh by S. Akhsikendi with later versions of the great legend, the author makes an attempt to define the role and place of Naimans in the history of the Kyrgyz people and epic at the Altai stage of their development.

A Comparative Study of Performers of the Manas Epic

Abstract For more than ten centuries, the culture of the Kyrgyz people has found chief expression through their oral traditions. The epic Manas, a prized form of Kyrgyz oral tradition, is still performed today in both Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang region of China. Research on the epic singers known as manaschys, or singers of Manas, is therefore of great significance. Manaschys are talented singers who can perform epic songs both artistically and creatively. Rather than memorizing a text, the manaschy (also spelled manaschï, manasqi, etc.) has the ability to produce new versions of epic songs through the art of composition in performance. This paper focuses on six representative manaschys of the twentieth century.

An Autoethnographic Study On Intercultural Communication As Experienced By An International Student From Kyrgyzstan

The purpose of this study is to conduct an autoethnography about the intercultural communication experience of an international student from Kyrgyzstan. Autoethnography was implemented as a research of an insider, analyzing the intercultural communication based on the researcher’s personal experience of interaction with Korean people on a daily basis. Data was collected from the notes and messages from the researcher’s experience in Korea, analyzed, and the results were categorized into three cultural differences which cause misunderstandings and conflict. They are 1) insincere words, 2) recognition based on levels of academic titles, and 3) different perceptions of sickness. It is believed that this study will help Kyrgyz people and Koreans understand each other better, and serve as a base for further studies about students from Kyrgyzstan and intercultural communication experienced by them.

Constructing the authority of women through custom: Bulak village, Kyrgyzstan

The traditional authority of Kyrgyz women operates within moral frameworks and through their roles as keepers of hearth and home, and has been recognized by the state for its important role in family life and in society. Women are responsible for the health of future generations, for the quality of children's education, and for safeguarding and passing on moral principles, which contribute to the formation of the traditional Kyrgyz family, and thus to the Kyrgyz nation. Kyrgyz ideas that women are keepers of hearth and home are exactly the ideas that allow women to build authority within the home and family. Not only do Kyrgyz women actually gain a great deal of power in their families over the course of their lives, but also this female power is foundational to the Kyrgyz sense of nation and sovereignty. Thus, what seems to be “domestic” power is, in fact, power with very public connections and effects.

Қыр ғыз хaлқы ның му зыкaлық aспaптaры: линг во мә де ни тaлдaу

Қыр ғыз хaлқы ның му зыкaлық aспaптaры: линг во мә де ни тaлдaу

Комплекс вооружения кыргызов Енисея в позднем Средневековье и Новом времени (с учетом материалов европейских исследователей XVII–XVIII вв.)

Комплекс вооружения кыргызов Енисея в позднем Средневековье и Новом времени (с учетом материалов европейских исследователей XVII–XVIII вв.)

A Tale of Two Heroes: Kyrgyzstan in Search of National Role Models

National identity can be based on a wide variety of shared markers that encourage members of a given community to identify with their putative conationals. National heroes comprise one such potential shared marker. This paper focuses on national hero creation in Kyrgyzstan, a small Central Asian country currently in the active phase of nation creation. Specifically, it examines the ways in which Kyrgyz nation creators are deploying the figures of Manas, a legendary hero of the eponymous oral epic, and Kurmanzhan Datka, an actual historical personage from the nineteenth century. For the contemporary Kyrgyz, Manas provides a highly masculine, aggressive portrait of a national unifier, while Kurmanzhan, no slouch herself in the unifying and heroic categories, lends a touch of pragmatism and statesmanship to the national imaginary.

Vegetative nervous system status according to cardiointervalogram data of ethnic Kyrgyz people with Parkinson disease

Vegetative nervous system status according to cardiointervalogram data of ethnic Kyrgyz people with Parkinson disease

GELENEKSEL TÜRK AİLESİNDE ÇOCUK VE ÇOCUKLA İLGİLİ İNANÇ FELSEFESİ: KIRGIZİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ

It is well known that traditional values in the network of structural integrity have significant place and these values are still respected and kept by Turkic nations. Staying on traditional point of view, we can say that a number of used during whole life beliefs, and its ritual practices about children, who are backbone of society, even of nation, arose from social and philosophical ideas and needs of society. hereupon, it is observed that Kyrgyz family, as other families of Turkic nations, expresses special position towards to ideals and thoughts on children. his work makes study on Kyrgyz nation’s traditional thoughts within the framework of concepts and knowledge about attitude and perception of child, child’s sex, beliefs on infant mortality, childlessness, child adoption as last resort and various methods of becoming a parent. Also, results of sociological investigations on some subjects of abovementioned processes will have place in this work.

Polymorphism in the TRP8 gene in Kyrgyz population: putative association with highland adaptation

The human TRPM8 gene encodes a receptor mediating cold sensitivity, and this fact points to its putative role in cold adaptation. The structural variability of the TRPM8 gene for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been studied in Kyrgyz population. The SNPs are located in coding regions of the gene, and three of them are confined to a segment of 20 bp in exon 7. The frequencies of minor SNP alleles are: rs13004520 G/C = 0.06; rs28901637 А/Т = 0.13; rs11562975 G/C = 0.27; rs7593557 G/A = 0.21; rs11563071 С/G = 0.12. The analyzed sample of Kyrgyz population includes 275 individuals living at different altitudes and under drastically different climatic conditions. The frequency of the minor rs11562975 allele in highlanders (living above 2 800 m A. S. L.) is one-third lower than in residents of lower regions (760–2 800 m A. S. L.; p < 0.01). This result presumes a selective role of rs11562975 in cold adaptation. Comparison of haplotype frequencies in Kyrgyz people with Europeans, East Asians, and Africans shows a clear narrowing of genotype variation in Europeans in comparison to all others. Probably, this phenomenon is related to a population size decline (bottleneck effect) during the evolution. We consider the exon– intron structure of the TRPM8 gene. Epigenetic markers in the vicinity of the gene have been analyzed. Two strong binding sites for insulator ctcf proteins are present there. They are likely to be associated with chromatin conformation and alternative splicing regulation. A structure–functional characterization of genes for the TRP protein family is provided.

KIRGIZ SOYLU HOTONLAR. MOĞOLİSTAN’DAKİ «KIRGIZ» ETNONİMLERİ VE TOPONİMLERİ HOTANS OF KYRGYZ ORIGIN: “KYRGYZ” ETHNONIMS AND TOPONIMS IN MONGOLIA1 ХОТОНЫ – ПОТОМКИ КЫРГЫЗОВ. АРЕАЛ ЭТНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ И ТОПОНИМИЧЕСКИХ НАЗВАНИЙ “КЫРГЫЗ” В МОНГОЛИИ

A small Turkish-speaking group, called Hoton, live in Ulangom region in Mongolia, today. Originally they regard themselves close to the Kyrgyz people, and they number more than 10.000. They are in a process of Mongolization, but they are still Muslims. Ethnically Hotons cannot be associated with the Uighurs of Hoten region in Eastern Turkistan, because they accept themselves as Kyrgyz: “We are Kyrgyz, grandchildren of Kun-ker”. “Kun-Ker” means “Turk” in Tibetian language. Different from the Oirats of Mongolian origin, Hotons are agriculturalists. According to scientists, Hotons migrated to this territory at the time of the Zhungars (Oirats). The ethnonym of “Kyrgyz” is used as “hirkis” and “herhis” among Halhals, which are the biggest Mongolian group. It is no coincidence that the Hyargas-Nuur Lake in Western Mongolia carries the very name, Hyargas. In the scientific literature, there is an archeological term, hereksur. This term might have been originated from herges-uur meaning “Kyrgyz home” or gerges uur meaning “Kyrgyz graveyard”. Mongols call old graveyards by these names. These issues give information about the ancient ages of the Kyrgyz people and about their influence on the ethno-history of the Oirat-Mongols