In December 2018, a series of accidents occurred in public organizations, including a rupture in an old heat transport pipe near Baekseok Station in Goyang-si, a derailment of the Gangneung Line KTX train, and a young worker trapped in the Taean Thermal Power Plant. Consequently, the government has issued guidelines outlining comprehensive measures to enhance safety in public organizations and safety management. However, there is insufficient research on the results and effects of these measures. This study analyzed the impact of implementing the safety and health management system and designating safety management priority organizations on the safety management grades of 99 public organizations included in the safety management rating system in 2021. Based on the results of this study, it can contribute to preventing safety accidents in the public sector. Furthermore, it emphasizes that this can be achieved by improving the safety capabilities of central administrative agencies, local governments, and local public enterprises that share similar work characteristics with public organizations.