Kotania Bay Research Articles

Sustainable management of coral reef based on ecology-social resilience level in Kotania Bay, Indonesia

This study aims to examine the dynamics of socio-ecological resilience of coral reef in Kotania Bay, Indonesia using a spatial-dynamic approach. The results showed that Kotania Bay coral reef in 2023 had 4 resilience classes, including very low, low, medium, and high. In addition, the highest resilience index value was 0.74, while the lowest was 0.11. Projections for 2028 predicted a reduction to 3 classes, including very low (47.37%), low (42.11%), and medium (10.53%). A further reduction to 2 classes, namely very low (73.68%) and low (26.32%), was also projected to occur by 2032. In 2038, the coral reef socio-ecological resilience was anticipated to decrease to the very low (100%) category, while a total loss was expected by 2043. The results showed that a resilience index value of 0.4 could be used as an indicator of the presence of coral-living biota and surrounding biota in good condition but vulnerable to environmental social pressures. Meanwhile, a value of less than 0.4 showed a decrease in the recovery ability despite the reduction in environmental pressure.

Strategy For Developing A Sustainable Seaweed Cultivation Industry In The Kotania Bay Area, Maluku

Seaweed cultivation business provides good prospects for national and international trade. Sustainable area management in terms of economics, human resources and social culture. The aim of this research is to analyze the potential and strategy for developing a sustainable seaweed cultivation industry in the Kotania Bay area, West Seram, Maluku. The research was carried out from March to June 2023. The methods used in this research were survey methods, interviews, discussions, and focus group discussions, as well as field studies in the Katonia Bay seaweed cultivation area. Determining the sample using purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods using Excel software and the SWOT method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the priority seaweed cultivation development strategy that must be carried out is to formulate a seaweed cultivation business development strategy by applying intensive cultivation technology. Utilization of new land to increase production and meet market needs

The Potential Of Mollusca Communities In Seagrass Ecosystems On Buntal Island Waters West Seram Regency, Maluku Province

Molluscs, especially bivalves and gastropods, make an important contribution to the formation of food chains in seagrass ecosystems. In addition, bivalves and gastropods are often used as biological indicators of aquatic environmental quality in seagrass ecosystems. The close relationship between seagrass beds, bivalves and gastropods can be seen in the expanse of seagrass ecosystems found on Buntal Island which is located in Kotania Bay, West Seram Regency. The potential of bivalves and gastropods, such as the diversity and community structure found in Buntal Island waters, is very important to study because the information is limited. This study aims to determine the diversity of bivalves and gastropods in the seagrass ecosystem of Buntal Island and to determine the community structure of bivalves and gastropods which include; density and relative density, abundance and relative abundance, and frequency of presence and relative frequency of presence. The research method used is quantitative. The results of the analysis of the potential of molluscs showed that the diversity of the composition of mollusc taxa found in seagrass ecosystems on Buntal Island was divided into 2 classes, 25 families, 37 genera, 52 species with a total of 3291 individuals. The mollusc with the highest score in terms of density, abundance, and frequency of presence belonged to Nassarius globossus.

UKURAN KEPADATAN DAN POTENSI IKAN BARONANG TOMPEL (Siganus guttatus Bloch 1787) DI TELUK KOTANIA SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Spotted rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus Bloch 1787) are valuable commercial fish species. Research on the fish species has been carried out in the waters of Kotania Bay, aiming to obtain information about size, density and potential of the fish species. Data are collected about total length (TL), weight and number of individual fish at four observation stations using 120m length of bottom gillnet with mesh size of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 dan 3.5 inches. The bottom gillnet is operated in a circle that starting two hours before the low tide then the spotted rabbitfish caught are collected at the low tide. The results showed that the total length of the spotted rabbitfish is in the range of 11,3 – 33,9 cm which has dominated by fish with sizes of 18, 24 and 26 cm. Mean density of the fish is 209 individual/ha, so the abundance the fish in the area of seagrass beds 823.62 ha was estimated as 172.486 of fish individual, it’s 72,51% or 125.070 individuals are those fishes that has spawned for the first time. The mean weight of the spotted rabbitfish at this size is 533,51 grams, so calculated biomass is 66,73 tons and MSY value is 33,365 tons in wet season.

IBM PEMBERDAYAAN KAUM PEREMPUAN MELALUI INOVASI PENGOLAHAN MIE RUMPUT LAUT

Wael and Kotania villages are one of the centers for seaweed production in the Kotania Bay waters in the West Seram Regency. Most of the women in Wael and Kotania hamlets, especially mothers, do not have permanent jobs other than taking care of the household. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge in seaweed processing technology. To empower women in the hamlets of Wael and Kotania, it is necessary to create productive activities by utilizing the potential of the village, both the potential of human resources and natural resources. The solution offered to women in the hamlets of Wael and Kotania through this IbM activity is the establishment of a business through the innovation of processing Eucheuma cottonii seaweed into noodles. Activity Objectives 1) Improving women's knowledge and skills about seaweed noodle processing technology. 2) Improving women's knowledge and skills about financial management and marketing strategies for seaweed noodle products. 3) Creating alternative livelihoods for women in coastal areas. Benefits of Activities 1) Empowering women in an effort to increase family income. 2) Realizing the tridharma of higher education through community service. 3) Build a seaweed noodle processing industry in rural areas on a home industrial scale. The addition of seaweed in the manufacture of noodles is expected to increase the consumption of more varied nutrition for the wider community and fulfill nutritional needs, especially micronutrients, one of which is iodine. Processing of seaweed into processed food products by women is expected to increase family income

The role of stakeholders in ecotourism development in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park (MINTP) in Western Seram Regency, Eastern Indonesia

This study aimed to 1) Identifying stakeholders involved in ecotourism activities and 2) Analyze the role of stakeholders in support ecotourism activities in MINTP Western Seram Regency. A survey method with interview technique and Focus Group Discussions The data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively using stakeholder analysis. The stakeholder identification results showed that the primary stakeholder is the community in coastal villages around Kotania Bay. The key stakeholder is Nature Conservation Agency, Maluku and North Maluku. Supporting stakeholders are the private sector and academics, supporting capital dan facilities, and providing education and natural resources research. The results showed that each stakeholder is performed functions partially; therefore, it is necessary to have a collaboration management.

Development strategy of the community perception, behavior, and participation for the management of mangrove ecosystem in Kotania Bay, Maluku

Mangrove ecosystems are very important to be managed sustainably because they also affect the economic growth of an area. The pressure on the mangrove ecosystems due to utilization by coastal communities affects mangrove sustainability. The community needs to be directed and involved in the preservation of mangrove ecosystems. This paper aims to formulate strategies for developing perception, behavior, and participation of coastal community for mangrove ecosystem management in Kotania Bay. Data collection was carried out through a survey method involving stakeholder participation and through field observation. Data analysis through the A’WOT approach. The results showed that the development of community perception, behavior, and participation for mangrove ecosystem management in Kotania Bay must be regulated on a regional regulation basis. Utilization of mangrove ecosystems in a proper way accompanied by reforestation must be done to preserve mangrove ecosystems.

Variability of zooplankton in surrounding five small islands of Kotania Bay, Western Seram, Maluku, Indonesia

This study was conducted on March, July and October 2017 in Kotania Bay at 6 fixed stations surrounding five small islands namely Island of Marsegu, Osi, Burung, Buntal, Tatumbu and station off the coast. Those islands have a complexity of biological communities, such as, on Marsegu, Osi, Buntal and Burung, were dominated by mangrove, seagrass and coral reef communities. While the island of Tatumbu dominated by the community of mangrove and seagrass. This bay is a very potential and has considerable fisheries resources. Zooplankton organism were collected by towing zooplankton net horizontally and the samples were preserved using formaldehyde. Zooplankton abundance showed the peak abundance at station of Marsegu (2297 ind m -3), it was in the third period and the lowest was at the station of Osi, and it was during the first period (52 ind m -3). The zooplankton composition was highest during the third period (21 genera) at off-coast station, while the lowest was in the first period and second period (10 genera) at station Osi and station Burung, respectively. The highest similarity indices were between stations off-coast and Buntal at the value of 93.02% and the lowest was between station Buntal and Marsegu (61.90%). There were no correlations between the abundant of zooplankton and the hydrology parameters such as DO, temperature, salinity, pH and water clarity. However, the positive significant correlation between composition and the hydrological parameters during the first and third period (R2=0.53 and 0.65 respectively). It highlighted the differences in composition and abundance of zooplankton figured out the type of waters of those islands during period of study.

Multispecies selectivity of line fishing towards sustainability

Understanding the selectivity of demersal fish towards different fishing methods is an important contribution to generate fisheries management plan. The purpose of this study is to examine the selectivity of line fishing on reef fishes based on multispecies approached. Coral fishes were caught by hand lines, longlines and trolled lines by fishers from Kotania bay, Maluku-Indonesia. The species and size of fish catch from January 2013 to December 2014 was filled in logbooks. Multispecies selectivity was estimated by the abundance size spectrum according to methods of fishing: handline, longline and trolled line. In total, 30886 reef fishes were collected, representing 147 species and 37 families. By grouping into genus, longline captured 55 genus which selective to genus Epinephelus, Handline caught 54 genus targeting on genus Lethrinus and trolled line caught 24 genus which selective to genus Plectropomus. Size distribution by hook sizes were not normally distributed (P < 0.001). Multispecies approach from multi-gear selectivity analysis resulted that trolled line was the high selective method especially for grouper family. Handline showed equal selectivity among species captured while the selectivity of longline was varied among fish. Fishing method, hook sizes and biodiversity are the important factors affecting multispecies selectivity. Knowledge of multispecies selectivity is important for fisheries management and fishing allocation in supporting balance fishery is recommended to maintain fisheries sustainability.

Risk based framework analysis for sustainable management of mud crab Scylla sp of Kotania Bay, Western Seram, Indonesia

The mud crab Scylla sp. fishery of Kotania Bay, Western Seram District has been conducted for many years starting from 1980 with almost no management. Mud crab is one of the economic important fish resources from this area. The mud crab is harvested by local fishermen that are classified as artisanal fishermen. The fishermen depend on the mud crab as their source of income. Economic pressure, available market, and no proper fisheries management create the fishery under extensive exploitation. A study on risk potency and stock parameter of mud crab Scylla sp. was conducted from June to August 2019. The objectives of this study were to analyze the risk potency and stock parameters of this fishery. The productivity Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) approach was used to analyze the risk potency of the mud crab, while Schaefer dynamic model was used to analyze stock parameters of the fishery. The result showed that the risk potency from fishing gear towards Scylla sp., bait-fish, and habitat was unconditionally passed according to MSC criteria with a score of 89, 95, and 85 consecutively. The result on stock parameters showed that there is a strong and negative relationship between effort and CPUE (r = 0.8997), the mud crab production has exceeded MSY as a reference point and tends to decrease, whereas average fishing effort was 198 units and already passed the fMSY of 130. All these stock parameters suggested that the mud crab fishery of Kotania Bay was in overfishing condition.

Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract. Lelloltery H, Rumanta M, Kunda RM. 2021. Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 91-99. The study aimed to identify the potential for marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay, and formulated strategies and priorities for developing marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay. Data collection on ecological potential consisted of mangrove and fauna vegetation using the line transect method, while coastal and marine resources included coral reefs and reef fish using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Development strategies and priorities used the SWOT and AHP methods. The results showed that the potential of coastal natural resources around the Kotania Bay consisted of 12 mangrove species belonging to7 families with species diversity index 1.76, and dominated by Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera cylindrica. The bird species were 33 species belonging to 23 families, with several endemic species such as Philemon subcorniculatus, Eulipoa wallacei, Birgus latro, and Pteropus melanopogon. Potential marine water resources consisted of 45 coral species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families with 10-12 life-forms. The diversity of reef fish species was quite abundant consisting of 129 species from 60 genera and 22 families. The sand beach on Marsegu island is a tourist destination that is demanded by the tourists. SWOT analysis showed that the potential of coastal and marine natural resources in Kotania Bay is very likely to be developed as marine ecotourism.

Incorporating the Ecological, Socio-economic and Institutional Conceptual Model Framework for Sustainable Management of Small-scale Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) Fishery in Western Seram Regency, Indonesia

Mud crab Scylla serrata of Kotania Bay and Pelita Jaya Bay of Western Seram District, has been harvested by local fishermen for more than 25 years. The mud crab has high economic value, and there is always a market for this fishery. The economic dependence of the fishermen forces them to harvest this resource extensively. No existing management strategy and extensive exploitation leads to unsustainable conditions of this fishery. With inadequate data condition, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model constructs an ecological, social-economy, and institutional conceptual model framework for sustainable management of this fishery. The driving force (D) in this fishery comes from the local fishers harvesting the mud crab. The two most sensitive attributes that affected mud crab sustainability from Rapfish analysis were used as state-level of DPSIR methodology. The result shows that the most sensitive variables from ecological, socio-economy, and institution were: caught before maturity, mud crab size, consumer attitude towards sustainability, just management, government quality, and monitoring and reporting, respectively. It was concluded that this conceptual model allows a better understanding of how the mud crab S. serrata system works and management actions taken at different system components. This conceptual model framework can be a useful tool to incorporate the participation of stakeholders, managers, and scientists in the process of a sustainable management plan.

Reproduction of White-Spotted Rabbitfish (&lt;i&gt;Siganus canaliculatus&lt;/i&gt; Park, 1797) in the Waters of the Buntal Island, Kotania Bay, West Seram-Mollucas

White-Spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) are herbivorous fish that are associated with seagrass habitat and are widely distributed in mangrove and coral reef habitats. The waters of the Buntal Island – Kotania Bau have an ecosystem of seagrass medows, mangroves and coral reefs, with the association of S. canaliculatus as one of the target catch of fishermen. The purpose was study to analyze the biological aspects of S. canaliculatus, including: sex ratio, size of first maturity, and fecundity. The research was conducted from October 2015 until January 2016 in the waters of Buntal Island, Kotania Bay. Fish samples were collected from fishermen's catch using bottom gill nets and Set net. Each fish sample was dissected for sex determination and gonad maturity level. The analysis is used to see the relationship between body length and weight and fecundity. The results showed that 167 fish and 149 female fish. The ratio of male and female was balanced, namely 52.85%: 47.15% or 1.1: 1 (X2count 4.13 &lt;X2table 11.34). The size of first maturity of female is 14.98 cm (14.5 - 15.5 cm) smaller than the male 18.9 cm (18.8 - 19.1 cm). The high potential of S. canaliclulatus based on the Fecundity obtained was in the range of 524,000 - 1,286,359 eggs. There is a positive relationship between body length and fecundity, indicating that the value of Fecundity increases with body size. To support its sustainable use in the wild, it is necessary to regulate the size of S. canaliculatus that can be harvest at a body length of &gt; 15 cm TL, to provide opportunities for spawning and support population growth before exploitation, thus supporting responsible and sustainable fisheries.

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR MANGROVE FOREST OF PELITA JAYA BAY AND KOTANIA BAY, WESTERN SERAM, INDONESIA

The coastal area of Pelita Jaya Bay and Kotania Bay is a semi enclose estuary area having three typical most productive ecosystems i.e. mangrove, seagrasses, and coral reefs with the mangrove ecosystem being the dominant one making this area a productive in fish resources. Local community neighboring this area used mangrove ecosystem for many different purposes, some of it threatening the sustainability oh the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to analyze mangrove forest sustainability and to propose sustainable mangrove forest management. Rapfish analysis was used to analyze mangrove sustainability status. A sustainable management strategy was developed using a conceptual model framework combined with the DPSIR approach. The two most sensitive attributes affecting mangrove sustainability from Leverage analysis were used as the State component from DPSIR. The result shows that overall mangrove forest sustainability was 60% and was considered fair sustain with the ecological dimension having the highest sustainable scale (85.35%) and considered sustain, whilst institutional dimension having the lowest sustainable scale (29.10%) and considered unsustain. The sustainable mangrove management strategy proposed consists of workshops, training, vocational education concerning EAM, as well as replanting degraded mangrove forests, monitoring, surveying, and controlling. The management strategy should be conducted based on a co-management approach.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Mangrove forest, local community, sustainability, conceptual model framework, Kotania Bay

Demersal fish resources utilization and socio-economic of fishermen in Kotania Bay, Western of Seram. Indonesia

Kotania Bay, have a very potential fisheries resources, including demersal fish that have high economic value. The utilization of fish resources is generally carried out by fishermen from villages around the Bay of Kotania, with fishing equipment that is friendly and not environmentally friendly. Fishermen activities cause the degradation of important ecosystems, therefore, the catch and size of the caught fish tends to decrease over time. The aimed of this study are to find the proper methods to manage demersal fish based on the socio-economic condition of fishermen. FGD and Interview methods were used to obtain informations about the location of catching, the catch and the species caught. The result showed that 46% of the residents of Pulau Osi village work as fishermen, while those from village of Wael are only 47.42%. Demersal fish catches were highest between January and February and the lowest during August. The catch consisted of family Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae and Labridae. The policies are needed to protect the demersal fish population, especially the endanger species through the concept sustainable management.

ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST ECONOMIC IN KOTANIA BAY, WEST SERAM DISTRICT

Analysis of the economic value of mangrove forests in Kotania Bay, West Seram District is important to study. Mangrove forest ecosystems are often regarded as public property resources that can be used by anyone without regard to its sustainability aspects. Over-utilization results in the depletion of mangrove forest resources and the ability of ecosystems to provide environmental services is decreasing. The low knowledge of the local community for the potential of mangrove forests as an economic source, it is necessary to do an economic valuation of the magnitude and benefits of mangrove forests. The Methods used in this study is Total Economic Value (TEV) based on direct benefits, indirect benefits and the optional benefits. The results showed that the direct benefits of economic value is IDR 318,360,000 / year (44%), indirect benefits is IDR 243,468,473 / year (34%), optional benefits is IDR 163586,356 / year (22%) while the TEV is IDR 725,414,829 / year.

STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA DI KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

This study aims to determine the existing conditions, analyze the level of sustainability and formulate priority policies for the development of the minapolitan Region in West Seram Regency. The analytical method used in this study includes descriptive analysis, Rapfish analysis, and Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). An assessment of the existing conditions shows that the geographical location is a potensial area, has superior commodities, and production units, limited of facilities and processing infrastructure, and the lack of market information and marketing institutions to support the business process and needs to be improved in order to develop the minabisnis in minapolitan area. The analytical results of the sustainable status in the ecological, economic and institutional dimensions obtain an index value that is quite sustainable, and the social dimension in technology receives a index value in a sustainable manner. Institutional factor is a criterion that becomes the main priority in the direction of the development of the minapolitan area in Kotania Bay. So that it is necessary to increase the role of local government to optimally utilize the potential of aquaculture.

Management of demersal fish of Kotania Bay, Western Part of Seram, Maluku Province, Indonesia

Research to study demersal fish in Kotania Bay was conducted from June 2017 to August 2018. The results showed that demersal fish species fished in Kotania Bay consisted of 99 species from 6 families namely Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Lethrinidae, Mullidae and Labridae. The most abundant species groups were species of family Serranidae and Lutjanidae (35 and 25 numbers of species respectively). Demersal fish species are mainly used for human consumption and the caught tend to have high value, therefore, fishers in Kotania Bay exploited the demersal fish intensively. Several important species of family Serranidae and family Lutjanidae are the most abundant fish species in the caught, but some of demersal fish in Kotania Bay are now overexploited, this trend has appeared since the year 2000’s. Low fish catch and income of most fishers along coast of Kotania Bay and in addition to their reliance on fishing as a livelihood, has contributed to continued overexploitation. Fishing activities of demersal fish in Kotania Bay depend on monsoon, and the high catch of fish was in January, February, and March (4,560, 4,200 and 3840 kg respectively). Regarding to the overfished of demersal fish in Kotania Bay, therefore, are recommended some forms and regulations of management for demersal fisheries recovery and sustainability, such as restrictions fishing gears, collaboration stakeholders between levels of management, control of demersal fish utilization, alternative livelihood for fishers, protection habitat of fish through conservation and rehabilitation program, and encouraging co-management.

Community structure of target reef fish at four tiny islands coral reefs in inner Kotania bay, Maluku Province, Indonesia

Study on community structure of target reef fish at four tiny islands coral reefs in inner Kotania bay was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018. Underwater Visual Census method was used to collect and examine data concerning several parameters of target reef fish community structure. At least 18 families of target reef fish which consist of 37 genera and 105 species were found during the study. Good and excellent categories of coral reefs condition had higher species richness and individual abundance of target reef fish, while lower in fair category. Seven target reef fish species have a wide distribution, while other 15 species were limited. In general, target reef fish community at four tiny islands coral reefs had high species diversity and evenness indexes with low species dominance value. It can be concluded that target reef fish community in the area in stable or in steady state condition.

Fishery of mud crab Scylla serrata of Kotania Bay, Western Seram District: potency, stock status and sustainable management

Study on the fishery of mud crab Scylla sp. of Portunid crab at Kotania Bay of Western Seram District was conducted between March and August 2018. The objectives of this study were to analyze biological parameters, the potency, stock status, sustainability, and to propose a sustainable management plan for this fishery. A total of 592 individual mud crab sample were collected from local fisher for biological parameters analysis. Historical catch data from local fisher, mud crab collector and fishery enumerator were used to analyze stock biomass, fishing intensity and stock status using Graham-Schaefer dynamic model. Rapfish analysis was used to analyze the sustainability of the stock. The carapace width ranged from 7.80 - 23.50 cm with an average of 13.68 cm (±2.25). There was a strong relationship between carapace width-weight (r = 0.9405) with overall growth pattern of isometric. The estimated stock biomass of mud crab of Kotania Bay was 130,000 t with BMSY of 22,425 t.yr−1, and mud crab fishery was under overfishing status. The overall sustainability was 46.92% and was considered as less sustain according to the ecosystem approach to fisheries management. Most sensitive attributes affecting sustainability were catching before maturity, consumer attitude towards sustainability, gear side effect, just governance, and government quality. Law enforcement, education and training on ecosystem approach to fisheries management, mud crab pot with escape gab, community based fishery management as well as monitoring and reporting should be conducted for mud crab sustainability.