Korea Maritime Research Articles

Analysis of Fishing Vessel Accidents and Suggestions for Safety Policy in South Korea from 2018 to 2022

Commercial fishing, one of the most dangerous sectors globally and, particularly, in South Korea, faces fatal accident rates significantly exceeding other industries, and an urgent improvement in safety measures is necessary to reduce these numbers effectively. The main objective of this study is to analyse fishing vessel accidents in South Korea and present the direction of safety policy for fishing vessels based on the lessons learnt from previous accidents, and, ultimately, to contribute to reduce fishing vessel accidents. For this purpose, we have analysed the marine accident data from the last five years provided by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST), the statistical yearbook of oceans and fisheries provided by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), and the statistical survey of marine fisheries provided by the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS), using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. After thorough review and analysis of the accident data, we have proposed seven suggestions for the direction of future safety policy for fishing vessels in South Korea: adopt international safety benchmarks, focus on occupational and collision accidents, tailor safety measures to vessel size and age, enhance lookout practices to prevent collisions, implement comprehensive strategies to mitigate human errors, and address communication issues among Korean and international crews.

Denoising sparker seismic data with Deep BiLSTM in fractional Fourier transform

Sparkers are widely-used sources of high-resolution images for shallow sub-bottom seismic monitoring. Sparker seismic data contain high random noise levels caused by the high voltage and electrical current required to power the sparker source. Random noise is distributed over the entire frequency and wavenumber, and is thereby difficult to suppress. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop random noise suppression by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, because CNNs learn common characteristics of random noise without considering the sequence while training, learning the sequence relationship between useful signal and random noise in time-series data is difficult. As an alternative, we proposed a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based denoising method that considers seismic data sequences. Effective denoising of random noise using RNNs requires features that distinguish between useful signals and random noise during network training. We proposed a denoising method for sparker seismic data that uses bidirectional long short-term memory RNN in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT). The time-frequency distribution in the FrFT domain was utilized for network training, and useful signals were effectively separated from random noise. The proposed method was applied to multi-channel sparker seismic data acquired in Yeongil, Pohang (offshore eastern Korea) by the Korea Maritime & Ocean University. Numerical results confirmed that the proposed method effectively suppressed random noise while maintaining a useful signal in sparker seismic data.

Developing a Ship Collision Risk Assessment Model with Internal and External Factors: Focused on South Korea Maritime Environment

Maritime collisions pose significant risks, prompting the need for robust risk assessment models to enhance safety measures. This study endeavors to develop a comprehensive ship collision risk model reflecting the intricate marine traffic environment in South Korea. Through a survey of experienced maritime personnel and a random forest model analysis, an evaluation model integrating internal and external factors was devised. Internal factors were determined through conjoint analysis, emphasizing encounter relationships, separation distance, and vessel speed. External risk factors were established using a random forest model based on historical collision data. The model’s efficacy was then applied to and validated in the vicinity of Busan Port, a region with complex marine traffic. The resulting risk map highlighted high‐risk areas, offering valuable insights for risk management and policy formulation. This model provides a foundational framework for maritime safety policy decisions, representing a significant contribution to collision risk assessment methodologies.

New Insight into the Effects of Gaseous CO2 on Spherically Symmetric Droplet Flames

This study investigated the effect of CO2 on the burning behavior and radiative properties of a single ethanol droplet flame in microgravity. Measurements of the droplet burning rate, the flame size and temperature, and the radiative emissions were performed, under microgravity conditions for ethanol droplets burning in N2 and CO2 environments, using the 1.5 s drop tower facilities at the Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU). The non-monotonic sooting behaviors (caused by the elevated O2 concentrations) were found to have a significant influence on radiative heat losses in N2 environments, resulting in non-linear droplet burning behaviors with O2 concentrations. Due to the unique nature of CO2 in microgravity, which absorbs radiative energy from the flame and raises the temperatures of the surrounding gases, the CO2 environments suppressed the radiative heat losses from the flame, regardless of the non-monotonic sooting behavior observed at the higher O2 concentrations. These experimental findings highlight the complicated physics of CO2 gas radiation in microgravity, which has not been quantitatively explored.

Insight into the marine microplastic abundance and distribution in ship cooling systems

Microplastics (MPs) are becoming widely recognized as one of many global environmental issues. Although recently, it has been suggested that marine plastics may affect a ship's operation, the presence of MPs in a ship's cooling system has not received significant attention. In this study, samples of 40 L each were taken from each of the five main pipes (sea chest (SC), ejector pump (EP), main engine jacket freshwater pump (MJFP), main engine jacket freshwater cooler (MJFC), and expansion tank (ET)) in each season (February, May, July, October 2021) to identify and characterize MPs in the five main pipes of the ship cooling system from the training ship Hanbada, Korea Maritime and Ocean University. As a result of FTIR analysis, the total MP abundance was 24,100 particles/m3 in the cooling system of the ship. MP concentrations were observed to be higher (p < 0.05) in winter and spring (dry season: 1578 ± 604 particles/m3) than in summer and autumn (wet season: 990 ± 390 particles/m3). In addition, the MP concentration in the seawater cooling system (SCS) (1509 ± 553 particle/m3) was slightly higher (p > 0.05) than that in the freshwater cooling system (FCS) (1093 ± 546 particles/m3). Compared to previous studies, it was confirmed that the quantitative amount of MPs on board was similar to or slightly less than the concentration of MPs investigated along the coast of Korea (1736 particles/m3). To identify the chemical composition of MPs, an optical microscope and FTIR analysis was carried out, and PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) were identified as major chemicals in all samples. MPs in the form of fibers and fragments accounted for approximately 95% of the total. This study provided evidence of MP contamination in the main pipe in the cooling system of the ship. These findings confirm that marine MPs existing in seawater may have flowed into the ship's cooling system, and it is necessary to understand the effect of marine MPs on the ship's engine and cooling system through continuous monitoring.

Particle-based numerical simulation of continuous ice-breaking process by an icebreaker

The continuous ice-breaking capacity of an icebreaker is an important indicator of its efficiency. The ice resistance encountered by an icebreaker has a significant influence on its continuous ice-breaking capacity. In this study, we develop a numerical model based on the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, which is a particle method based on continuum mechanics, for predicting the ice resistance encountered by icebreakers during continuous ice-breaking operations. Before fracture, the ice is assumed to be a linear elastic material, and the maximum tensile stress theory is used as the fracture criterion. A scalar function composed of the first principal stress gradient and the first eigenvector of the stress tensor is introduced to express the relative positions of the new crack and corresponding particle pair. As the hull is represented by polygons and the ice fragments are represented by particles, the collision points between the hull and the ice, i.e., between polygons and particles, is determined using a novel search algorithm that expands a cell linked-list algorithm. The collisions between individual ice fragments and between the hull and an ice fragment are considered using a particle-based model that is a modified form of the Hertz contact model. The proposed algorithm was verified using experimental data obtained from three-point bending tests on model and freshwater ice specimens that were performed by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) and Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU), respectively. The verification process revealed that the closer the properties of the ice to the linear elastic properties assumed in the numerical model, the higher the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The verified algorithm was used to predict the ice resistance encountered by a model icebreaker during a continuous ice-breaking process. A series of convergence and parametric tests were performed for the main parameters of the continuous ice-breaking simulation, and the experimental results obtained by KRISO were used for comparison. The maximum relative errors from experiment were approximately 12% and 30% under free (Fr) and semi-fixed (SF) side boundary conditions, respectively. The proposed numerical algorithm can successfully predict the ice resistance encountered by an icebreaker and the occurrence of near- and far-field fractures during a continuous ice-breaking process.

A validation study of ISM Code's continual effectiveness through a multilateral comparative analysis of maritime accidents in Korean waters

AbstractThis study investigates whether the International Safety Management (ISM) Code remains an effective regulatory tool for the shipping industry by analysing maritime accident statistics published for the last 32 years by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, 24 years by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and seven years by the European Maritime Safety Agency. For this purpose, the data were divided into four groups: pre-ISM Code, in-transit, post-1 and post-2 periods, and tested by multilateral comparative analysis. The results show that the Korean merchant fleet has no improvement over the periods, whereas the world merchant fleet has a continual decrease in serious casualties. This study confirmed a trend of maritime accidents in recent years: fewer in number but heavier in damage. Conclusively, the results suggest that IMO and decision-makers in the maritime industry must review the ISM Code again and seek solutions to achieve the goal of continual improvement, as specified in the code.

북한의 해운·항만법제 변화 연구

The purpose of this study is to find out the implications of the revision of North Korea's Maritime and Port Law for the North Korean economy. North Korea's Maritime and Port Law was classified into three periods, and looked into two frameworks: characteristics of North Korean law and compliance with international norms.&#x0D; As a result, North Korea's shipping and port legislation presupposes international trade, so it was created within the framework of international convention from the beginning of its origin. Regardless of the time period, North Korea recognized the shipping and port industry as an important sector for economic growth, and reformed its laws to accept international norms in order to open its economy to the outside world. In addition, policy changes were made according to changes in the internal and external environment, and a causal relationship was shown in which changes in shipping and port laws were accompanied within the framework.&#x0D; The enactment and revision of the Shipping and Port Act in the 2010s, a period of expansion of economic opening to foreign countries, was more systematized and concrete compared to the previous period, and the law was reformed in the direction of mitigating discrimination against foreign ships and crew, objectivity, efficiency, and simplification of administration.&#x0D; However, in order to achieve a virtuous cycle structure in which law revision leads to industrial development, it is necessary to move towards market socialism through fundamental economic and institutional reforms.

The Dynamic Effects of Globalization on the Firm Performance: A Study on Korea Maritime and Fishery Companies

The Dynamic Effects of Globalization on the Firm Performance: A Study on Korea Maritime and Fishery Companies

선박충돌사고의 원인 분석에서 항법 적용의 원칙에 관한 소고

In the analysis of the cause of a collision between ships, the apportionment of liability may vary depending on the navigation rules applied to the accident, which affects civil or criminal proceedings related to the accident. Therefore, the basic principle of application of navigation rules is important in ship collision accidents. The Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal applies general navigation rules stipulated in the navigation regulations only when both ships approach with considerable time, maintaining the course and speed for a considerable period of time to figure out the other ship’s course and speed and predict what action the other ship will take next. If it is not appropriate to apply general navigation rules because it does not meet these conditions, the rule of good seamanship will be applied. If the collision occurred in the water zone, etc. of trade ports, the navigation rules in the ｢Act on the Arrival and Departure of Ships｣ will be applied first, and the navigation rules in the ｢Maritime Safety Act｣ will be applied to the parts not stipulated in the ｢Act on the Arrival and Departure of Ships｣. When the collision occurred in the Korean territorial waters and waters connected to them, but not in the water zone, etc. of trade ports, the navigation rules in the ｢Maritime Safety Act｣ will be applied, and if there is no wtitten rules for the case in this law, the rule of good seamanship will be applied. In the analysis of the cause of a collision between ships, determining of time point to start applying navigation rules is important. The time point to start applying navigation rules shall be determined based on the determination of where the risk of collision began to exist, taking into account the point 15 minutes before the collision, and the point where the distance between the two ships became less than 3 miles. An agreement on a change of navigation rules between the two ships are to be legally recognized only when the two sides have fully agreed on the change of navigation rules over a sufficient period of time. And the effect of such an agreement takes precedence over the navigation rules specified in the ｢Act on the Arrival and Departure of Ships｣ and ｢Maritime Safety Act｣.

어선검사 방법 및 법규 개선에 관한 연구 - 소형어선 전복사고 사례를 중심으로 -

In the event of capsized accident of fishing boats, life accidents such as death, disappearance, and injury of sailors occur during the ship capsized process, and ship owners suffer enormous economic losses from the capsized accident. Therefore, in order to prevent the same capsized accident, it is necessary to expand to small fishing boats with a total tonnage of less than 20 tons in consideration of the type of fishing permitted and the type of fishing gear that are currently applied only to fishing boats with a length of 24 meters or more. In addition, practical and effective inspection regulations are needed, such as marking additional stability inspection and load lines depending on the installation of heavy fishing equipment used for fishing such as cranes, and strengthening temporary inspection regulations to prevent the same accident from occurring again. Therefore, based on the recent five-year decision by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal from 2017 to 2021, a study on the causes of small fishing boat capsized accidents with a length of less than 24 meters and problems with small fishing boat inspection regulations was sought

동북아시아 두형토기의 출현과 발전

This paper aims to discuss the introduction of the pedestal vessels to northeast China and their change and development in this region. Pedestal vessels, sometimes called dou, were used to offer, display, and distribute food and seem to have appeared for the first time in southern China during the early period of the Neolithic culture, probably around the 6th millennium B.C.E. The pedestal pottery quickly became popular in the societies of the middle and late phase of the Neolithic Age culture in this area and spread to those in the middle reaches of the Yangzi River as well. Among the Neolithic societies in north China, those in lower reaches of Yellow River began to use pedestal vessels for the first time. It is quite possible that the first pedestal bowels in the Houli culture of Shandong was influenced by the pedestal pottery culture from the south in the lower Yangzi river valley. The pedestal pottery not only continued to be used in the societies of the middle and late phase of the Neolithic culture in Shandong but also spread to those in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Thus, the pedestal vessels were used throughout north and south China by the middle phase of the Neolithic period. In northeast China, the pedestal vessels are found for the first time in two different areas. In the Xiaozhushan Ⅲculture of the 4th millennium B.C.E. in the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula pedestal vessels appeared along with ding and gui tripods and they are very similar to those of the contemporary Dawenkou culture in Shandong peninsula. This new change in pottery was made possible under the direct influence of the Dawenkou culture. These vessels continued to be used in the late phase of the Neolithic period in Liaodong peninsula. Another area in which pedestal vessels were used for the first time in northeast China is western Liaoning and southeastern Inner Mongolia. At the Dongshanzui religious site in Kazuo, western Liaoning, many pedestal vessels were found together with terracotta statues of pregnant woman, circular and rectangular altars, and stone building structures. It is clear that these vessels were used as ritual paraphernalia during religious activities. Pedestal vessels became more widespread in some of the Bronze Age societies in northeast China. In western Liaoning and southeastern Inner Mongolia, Pedestal bowels or dishes are found in the Lower Xiajiadian culture as well as the subsequent Weiyingzi, Upper Xiajiadian, and Shi'ertaiyingzi culture. In particular, pedestal dishes are found in relatively large numbers together with human sacrifices in ash pits of the Xiaoheishigou site of the Upper Xiajiadian culture in southeastern Inner Mongolia. It is clear that these pedestal dishes were closely related to this particular type of ritual activities, as they are hardly included as part of mortuary goods in the graves of this culture. The only exception is a bronze pot connected with six surrounding pedestal bowls that was discovered in Tomb No.8501 in Xiaoheishigou, Inner Mongolia. In the lower reaches of Liao River as well as in Liaodong peninsula, pedestal vessels were used in most Bronze Age societies in different frequencies. Again, in the middle of the 2nd millennium B.C.E. the Yueshi pottery culture of Shandong peninsula made a strong effect on the Shuangtuozi II culture of Liaodong peninsula, and as a result, the pedestal vessels are similar to each other in style. In the Xituanshan culture of central Jilin, pedestal vessels were used in limited numbers and so were in eastern Jilin of the Tuman River valley in the second half of the Bronze Age culture. In contrast to the tripod vessels, the pedestal vessels never made their appearance in the present-day Heilongjiang during the Bronze Age. It is interesting, however, that in the Tuanjie- Krounovka culture of eastern Heilongjiang, eastern Jilin, northeast Korea and southern Maritime area of Russia, pedestal vessels became very popular,

경계의무 위반의 원인비율 배분 기여 정도에 관한 연구

For the prevention of marine accidents, it is important to establish measures to prevent recurrence based on lessons learned from accidents that have already occurred, and one of the measures is to impose greater responsibility for violations of important obligations or continuous and repeated violations of obligations.&#x0D; Although it can be said that the effect can be increased, the degree of contribution to the violation of the duty of vigilance seems to be recognized as somewhat low when allocating the degree of cause-giving ratio in the decision of the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal. The purpose of this study is to examine the points for improvement by examining the distribution of the degree of contribution of causes to the occurrence of accidents on both ships, and by examining the degree of judgment on the importance of the current vigilance duty in the prevention of marine accidents.

Preface

On behalf of IAHR Asia Working Group (AWG), we are pleased to conclude the 3rd IAHR-Asia Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR-Asia 2021), which was held on November 22-23 in Kathmandu University, Nepal.Seventy full papers were presented in two days of the conference whereas four invited and four featured presentations were also given by eminent personalities of the field. Presentations were broadcasted both in a physical mode and virtual mode in four groups of sessions, each group consisting four parallel sub-sessions. It was our privilege to welcome the keynote speakers of the symposium: Prof. Avellan from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Prof. Young-Ho Lee from Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Prof. Zhengwei Wang from Tsinghua University, and Prof. Chisachi Kato from The University of Tokyo. We would also like to thank all the organizers, presenters and participants who were involved in this symposium.The list of Conference Organizing Committee, Local Organizing Committee, International Advisory Committee, International Technical Committee are available in this pdf.

해묘를 놓고 있는 선박의 항법상 지위에 관한 고찰 - 해양안전심판원의 재결을 중심으로 -

Many vessels fishing in the waters of Far East Asia, including Korea, use bright fish-luring lights that are activated after laying sea anchor. Winter cutlass fishing vessels operate similarly to the cuttle fishing vessels in the Coast of Korea. The legal status of any vessel fishing while laying a sea anchor is not explicitly stipulated in the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (hereafter referred to as ‘COLREG’) and the Maritime Safety Act. The Japan Maritime Casualty Tribunal classifies such fishing vessels as a power-driven vessel underway in accordance with sailing rules, and also a vessel laying sea anchor. However, the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal judges it as a vessel at anchor, power-driven vessel underway, temporarily drifting vessel, vessel laying sea anchor, vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre or vessels engaged in fishing, and so on. In terms of the legal status of any vessels fishing while laying a sea anchor, the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal has a common view that a sea anchor must be installed on the catching vessel for fishing purposes, with the vessel being restricted in her maneuverability as required by sailing rules. However, it is believed that they reached a different conclusion regarding the extent to which vessel fishing while laying a sea anchor impacts compliance with the sailing rules stipulated in COLREG and the Maritime Safety Act. In 2011, the Central Maritime Safety Tribunal judged that the No. 3 Sangmu which is fishing laying sea anchor, was a vessel engaged in fishing. However, the Regional Maritime Safety Tribunal determined otherwise, designating the vessel as a power-driven vessel underway(temporarily drifting vessel). This study analyzed marine accidents on vessels laying a sea anchor based on the judgments of Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal. As a result, from the point of view of legal stability and purpose, I suggested that the term “vessel laying sea anchor” should be defined newly and a vessel laying a sea anchor for fishing or waiting for fishing should be included in “vessel engaged in fishing” through the amendment of the Maritime Safety Act.

해사안전법상 특수한 상황에 있어서 선원의 상무 규정 적용에 관한 연구

The Article 96 of Maritime Safety Act (hereafter, the Act) is a provision to implement the Rule 2, Responsibility of COLREG domestically within the Korean waters. In contrast, this Article does not include concept of the ordinary practice of seamen stated in the COLREG provision, and this may incur extension of application of the Article than that of the COLREG Rule 2. Also, such extension of application may bring more burden on subjects of the Article, any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof with respect of duty they should exercise. In recent maritime collision cases, the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunals applied the Article 96 of the Act and the ordinary practice of seaman of the COLREG Rule 2 in a same case without defining its concept, whereas this has raised uncertainty in the extent of the Article 96, especially, what extent of reasonable conduct a vessel, or the owner, master of crew thereof can take under the Article 96. Recognizing such matter, this paper firstly explores the norm of duty of care and the ordinary practice of seamen of COLREG under the common law system since the COLREG was originally written as an English law. Then, duty of care and reasonable person test in the Article 96 of the Act will be examined literally and systematically, considering its purpose within the Korean legal system. After that, the paper identifies differences between the Article 96 and the Rule 2 and also scrutinizes matters flowed from it, and lastly suggests what measures should be taken to address the matters, including its amendment or enactment of a separate legislation giving effect of the COLREG domestically.

Policy Response to the CRISIS of New Drugs Crime

Purpose: Drugs made for medical purposes could have been a mysterious potion if they were used only for their original purpose, but the reason why many people are concerned about the safety of mankind due to the enormous destructive power of drugs. It may be close to instinct for people to avoid pain and discomfort, chase joy, and pleasure, but if they borrow the power of drugs for this pleasure, the price will return to tremendous harm like boomerang. Research policy countermeasures against new drugs crime in Korea. Method: Traditional drugs are usually classified into natural drugs, synthetic drugs, and psychotropic drugs. Through the classification and definition of drugs, the characteristics of new drugs are identified and the current status of distribution of new drugs is analyzed. Policy countermeasures are derived through foreign cases. By analyzing the characteristics of crimes against new drugs, the government will subdivide punishment standards for temporary drugs and study ways to prepare bills to quickly punish the inhalation of unspecified hallucinogenic substances. Results: In order to cope with new drugs at this point, the priority introduction of a unified one-stop system through transnational institutions is required. Through this, it is necessary to establish a system that can focus on responding to crimes related to new drugs by integrating the system of crackdown agencies that are currently sporadically divided, such as the police, prosecutors, the Korea Maritime Police Agency, and the Korea Customs Service. In addition, continuous management is needed through linkage with treatment and rehabilitation facilities. Conclusion: Laws should be prepared to analyze the characteristics of crimes against new drugs to subdivide punishment standards for temporary drugs and to promptly punish the inhalation of unspecified hallucinogenic substances. In addition, crackdown and punishment on drug offenders are important, but it should not be forgotten that continuous management through connection with treatment and rehabilitation facilities is necessary to fundamentally prevent recidivism of drug offenders.

Multi-Task Deep Learning Model with an Attention Mechanism for Ship Accident Sentence Prediction

The number of ship accidents occurring in the Korean ocean has been steadily increasing year by year. The Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) has published verdicts to ensure that the relevant personnel can share judgment on these accidents. As of 2020, there have been 3156 ship accidents; thus, it is difficult for the relevant personnel to study these various accidents by only reading the verdicts. Therefore, in this study, we propose a multi-task deep learning model with an attention mechanism for predicting the sentencing of ship accidents. The tasks are accident types, applied articles, and the sentencing of ship accidents. The proposed model was tested under verdicts published by the KMST between 2010 and 2019. Through experiments, we show that the proposed model can improve the performance of sentence prediction and can assist the relevant personnel to study these accidents.

낚시어선의 안전에 관한 소고 - 해양안전심판원의 재결을 중심으로 -

The charter fishing boat business was legalized in 1995 to revitalize fishing trip and to increase income of fishing village. However, contrary to its original purpose, the number of fishing boats engaged only in the “charter fishing boat business” has increased, and is now transforming into a kind of leisure industry. According to the statistics from the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, a total of 1,215 accidents occurred in charter fishing boats over the five years from 2016 to 2020, during which the number of deaths and missing people in charter fishing boats’ accident was 24, and 120 were injured. Currently, marine accidents occurring in charter fishing boats are appearing in various aspects such as collision, stranded, capsizing, sinking, fire, and engine damage. In the case of a capsizing accident of charter fishing boat in 2015, the fishing boat departed the port despite the heavy weather, and the boat was capsized after leaving the port, saving only 3 of the 21 fishing passengers, and 18 including the captain, were dead or missing. In 2019, a charter fishing boat collided with another ship and was capsized, causing all 14 people to fall into the water and were exposed to cold seawater in the winter, killing five people. And it wss found that some captains intentionally turned off the “Ship Location Transmitters Equipmen”(V-Pass) to hide violations of business areas, causing difficulties in searching and rescue in case of distress. Charter fishing boats, along with passenger ships, excursion ship and ferry boats, are public-use ship and need institutional devices for the safety of fishing passengers. In this study, the accidents related to charter fishing boats over the past five years includeded in the “Annual Judgement Casebook” published by the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal were analyzed to research measures to prevent or reduce accidents. And it was concluded that improvement of “annual professional education for charter fishing boat’s proprietors and crew” is necessary. In addition, it was also found that it is necessary to improve the institutional system or to revise some related laws and regulations for the safety of charter fishing boats.

Hybrid ZnSe‐SnSe2 Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocube Heterostructures with Enhanced and Ultra‐stable Lithium‐Storage Performance

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Prof. Kwang Ho Kim at the Pusan National University (Korea) and Prof. Jun Kang at the Korea Maritime and Ocean University (Korea). The cover picture shows characteristic microstructure images of novel bimetallic selenide composites embedded in N‐doped carbon nanocubes and their enhanced and ultra‐stable electrochemical performances as lithium‐ion battery anodes. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100846.