Korean Melon Research Articles

Comparison with Growth Characteristics of Korean Melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) Grafted Seedlings in a Container Type Farm with LED Light and a Greenhouse under High Temperature Conditions

Comparison with Growth Characteristics of Korean Melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) Grafted Seedlings in a Container Type Farm with LED Light and a Greenhouse under High Temperature Conditions

Development of cooking method for senior-friendly food using fruits suitable for older adults with masticatory dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to establish a fruit-cooking method suitable for older adults with masticatory dysfunction. Five types of fruits were selected to make fruit jelly and puree: apple, sweet persimmon, mandarin, Korean melon, and watermelon. Recipes were selected based on the Korean Industrial Standard (KS) for senior-friendly foods (KS H 4897), which classifies foods into 3 levels (L1-L3) based on their hardness and viscosity. In South Korea, senior-friendly foods are classified into 3 stages based on their hardness. Stage 1 is for foods that are able to eat with teeth (hardness greater than 50,000 N and less than 500,000 N), Stage 2 is for foods that are able to eat with gums (hardness greater than 20,000 N and less than 50,000 N), and Stage 3 is for foods that are able to eat with the tongue (hardness less than 20,000 N). As a result of measuring the hardness by varying the shape of the fruit, it was found that nearly all fruits could be eaten fresh by chewing with the teeth (L1) but did not meet the KS for mastication using the gums (L2) or tongue (L3), so the cooking method was selected as fruit jelly and fruit puree. Only sweet persimmon, which had a hardness of 61,624-496,393 N, was not suitable for consumption in fresh fruit, unprocessed form. Based on their hardness measurements, fruit jellies (27,869 to 36,343 N) and fruit purees (315 to 1,156 N) met the L2 and L3 requirements, respectively. The viscosity results of all fruit purees met the L3 requirement. These results offer a simple cooking method to prepare texture-modified fruits suitable for safe consumption by older adults living with masticatory difficulties in general households and nursing facilities.

Effects of Growth and Quantity according to Form of High Bed in Cultivation of Korean Melon

Effects of Growth and Quantity according to Form of High Bed in Cultivation of Korean Melon

Measurement and Analysis of Physical Environmental Load during Handling and Distribution of Domestic Fruits - Focused on Seongju Korean Melon

Measurement and Analysis of Physical Environmental Load during Handling and Distribution of Domestic Fruits - Focused on Seongju Korean Melon

Evaluation of Cultivation Characteristics according to NO3– Ratio of Nutrient Solution for Korean Melon in Hydroponic Culture

Evaluation of Cultivation Characteristics according to NO3– Ratio of Nutrient Solution for Korean Melon in Hydroponic Culture

Ventilation at Supra-Optimal Temperature Leading High Relative Humidity Controls Powdery Mildew, Silverleaf Whitefly, Mite and Inhibits the Flowering of Korean Melon in a Greenhouse Cultivation

본 연구는 참외 재배 지에서 흰가루병, 담배가루이 및 두점박이응애가 동시에 발생하였을 때 45, 40, 35°C (대조구)의 온도에서 측창으로 환기 처리 시, 온실 내 온 ․ 습도의 변화, 병충해 발생과 잎말림, 그리고 개화조절에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 3월 3일 ‘히든파워’ 대목에 접붙여진 ‘알찬꿀’ 참외를 40cm 간격으로 격리상에 심었고, 위에 언급한 병해충이 모든 처리구에서 발생한 6월 18일부터 7월 13일까지 처리하였다. 온실의 온도는 맑은 날에는 설정 온도 지점까지 증가되었고, 45°C 환기 처리에서 고온 고습이 약 9시간 동안 유지되었다. 주간 최고 기온과 최저 상대습도 차이는 45°C 환기 처리에서 가장 높았다. 환기 처리 11일 후에는 흰가루병과 두점박이응애 피해가 45°C 환기 처리에서 거의 회복되었지만 40°C와 35°C에서는 그렇지 않았다. 처리 14일 후, 담배가루이와 두점박이응애 밀도는 45°C에서 유의하게 감소하였으나 흰가루병 증상은 유의하게 감소하지는 않았다. 잎말림은 고온에서 유발되었으나 45°C에서도 심하지 않았다. 처리 26일 후, 새로 나온 줄기의 15 마디의 개화수를 조사한 결과, 45°C에서 암꽃이 전혀 나오지 않았고 수꽃은 1.2개로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는, 고온기에 45°C의 고온에서 2－3주간 환기 처리는 온실 내부의 고온 고습을 유도하여 흰가루병, 담배가루이, 두점박이응애를 통제하고, 개화를 억제하여 참외의 영양 생장을 회복할 수 있는 방법으로 사료되었다.

Neural Network Based Prediction of Soluble Solids Concentrationin Oriental Melon Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy

Highlights Non-destructive soluble solids content prediction model for oriental melon was developed based on NIR spectrum data. Not only the classical ML or Neural-Network methods, but also the mixture of both techniques have also been tried. Comparing the various pre-processing methods, the MSC-PLS-ANN model showed the best results. MSC-PLS-ANN model demonstrated 6% of improvement in RMSE score over the PLSR model, which is commonly used in commercial products Abstract. Models for predicting the soluble solids concentration (SSC) of oriental melons were developed and evaluated by applying near infrared spectroscopy and an artificial neural network technique. For the evaluation, a total of 300 oriental melons, both ripe and unripe, were mixed together and sampled. To develop an SSC prediction model, the actual SSC values of specimens having the same spectra as those of the visible/near infrared wavelength bands were measured. The measured spectra were preprocessed using eight methods [Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Robust Normal Variate, Savitzky-Golay 1st and 2nd; Min-Max Normalization; Robust Normalization; Standardization], and the SSC prediction model was developed by applying three techniques (Partial Least Squared Regression [PLSR], Artificial Neural Network [ANN], and Convolutional Neural Network [CNN]). Among them, the PLSR technique also applied a Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) method for wavelength selection. Among the PLSR-based SSC prediction models, the SNV-preprocessed PLSR model showed the best SSC prediction performance (RMSEtest, 0.67; R2test, 0.81). Among the ANN-based models, the MSC-preprocessed PLS-ANN model showed the best SSC prediction performance (RMSEtest: 0.63, R2test: 0.83). Among the CNN-based models, the DeepSpectra model was applied, but showed the lowest prediction performance (RMSEtest: 0.79, R2test: 0.74). In conclusion, among the three SSC prediction algorithms tested in this study, the PLS-ANN-based prediction model showed the best SSC prediction performance, which was found to be higher than that of the PLSR-based SSC prediction model applied to the sugar sorters currently used in agricultural products at processing centers. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Convolution Neural Network, Korean melon, VIP-PLSR, VIS/NIR spectroscopy.

참외 흰가루병의 친환경적 관리 연구 현황

참외 흰가루병의 친환경적 관리 연구 현황

참외의 세척 및 껍질 제거에 따른 농약 잔류량 감소

참외의 세척 및 껍질 제거에 따른 농약 잔류량 감소

Insect Repellency and Crop Productivity of Essential Oil Films

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of coniferous essential oils (EOs) blended films on insect repellence and crop productivity. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film is widely used, especially in agriculture and for food packaging. Ethylene vinyl acetate was blended with LDPE to reduce volatilization of EOs. An EO from Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) was incorporated into the blend film to conduct field research on antimicrobial and insect repellent properties. Among the various concentrations of EO, the highest concentration (2.5%) showed the highest efficiency in terms of pesticidal activity. The ability to inhibit microbial growth can be explained by the lipophilic properties of the EO component, and many studies have already demonstrated this. Agricultural films containing all types of EO have been tested on various crops such as chili, cucumber, Korean melon and have been able to verify their effectiveness in avoiding pests and increasing yields. From these results, it was found that it is reasonable to use a modified film such as a composite film containing an EO for agriculture. Thus, the modified film containing EO has undoubtedly shown impressive potential for reducing the use of pesticides in a variety of ways, not only for agricultural mulching film but also for food and agricultural product packaging. This product is an environmentally friendly chemical and is safe for agricultural and industrial and food packaging applications, among others. In particular, the use of agricultural films significantly reduces the use of pesticides, suggesting that farmers can increase their incomes by reducing working hours and costs, and increasing production.

Development of SNP markers and validation assays in commercial Korean melon cultivars, using Genotyping-by-sequencing and Fluidigm analyses

Melon is an important horticultural crop across the globe, which consisted of several subspecies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most preferred molecular markers in genetic diversity and genomic studies. Recently, Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has produced sequences that detect genome-wide distribution of these SNP markers. In this study, we identified genome-wide highly efficient SNP markers to differentiate the cultivars of the melon using GBS. Here we detected 9018 SNPs by the analysis of 48 commercialized Korean melon cultivars, which released by various seed companies in South Korea. Further, precise filtering resulted in 5644 high-quality SNPs. Of these, 5293 SNPs and 351 were identified in the genic region and intergenic region, respectively. A total of 192 SNPs were identified as putative SNPs, on the basis of high polymorphism information content (PIC) and physical distance. These SNPs were further analyzed to distinguish 95 commercial melon cultivars via high-throughput Fluidigm system, thus revealed 95.83 % (184 SNPs) of validation ratio. The summary of SNP genotyping revealed estimates of PIC ranged from 0.02 to 0.53 and 179 SNPs (97.28 %) showed more than 0.3 of PIC. This is the first study in melon to develop and validate genome-wide SNP markers using GBS and Fluidigm platform, respectively. The SNP markers reported in this study will be a valuable tool for cultivar identification, genetic diversity, and marker-trait association studies in melon.

Polyclonal antibody against purified cucumisin from the Korean melon and its application: thrombolytic application

We recently bred a cucumisin-containing Korean variety of melon. However, it is not known whether the cucumisin macromolecule can pass the intestinal barrier. We developed a polyclonal antibody against cucumisin and tried to confirm whether orally administered cucumisin passes through the intestinal tract with mouse. Cucumisin was isolated and purified from the improved Korean melon by ion exchange chromatography. Protein size was estimated by SDS-PAGE and protease activity was confirmed by performing zymography and fibrin plate assay. The purified cucumisin largely comprised a native form (67 kDa) and mature form (54 kDa), and displayed fibrinolytic activity, as evident by the decomposition of gelatin and fibrin to form a clear zone. To confirm the transition to blood following the oral administration of cucumisin, a polyclonal antibody against cucumisin was produced. Use of the antibody in ELISA and immunoblotting analyses confirmed the transfer of cucumisin to the blood of cucumisin-fed mice as compared to those not fed cucumisin. Orally administered cucumisin can migrate through the intestinal barrier and into the blood. The fibrinolytic activity of cucumisin purified from the improved Korean melon might be exploited for development as a raw material for a thrombolytic drug.

Development of a Core Set of SSR Markers for Cultivar Identification and Seed Purity Tests in Oriental Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa)

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa), also called ‘Korean melon’ or ‘Chamoe’, is widely grown in East Asia, including Korea, Japan, and China. We used 521 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to develop a core set of SSR markers as an effective tool for cultivar identification and seed purity tests in oriental melon. The polymorphism test using a subset of seven cultivars identified 20 expressed sequence tag SSR (EST-SSR) and 23 genomic SSR markers that showed high levels of polymorphism and simple segregation patterns. These SSR markers were used for DNA fingerprinting in additional 46 commercial cultivars. The average number of alleles per marker was 2.95 and 4.61 for the EST-SSR and genomic SSR markers in the 53 cultivars, respectively. For polymorphic information content (PIC), we found 0.411 to 0.816 with an average of 0.536 for the EST-SSR markers and 0.453 to 0.862 with an average of 0.568 for the genomic SSR markers. The unweighted pair group mean algorithm (UPGMA) dendrograms with the three sets of SSR markers (20 EST-SSR, 23 genomic SSR, and all 43 SSR markers) revealed that the 53 cultivars were separated into 4 to 5 major clusters. Furthermore, the set of all SSR markers was more effective at identifying the 53 cultivars relative to the other two marker sets. Therefore, the 43 SSR markers as a core set will be a valuable tool for several applications, including cultivar identification and seed purity tests in oriental melon.

Passive Removal of Copper Ions and Salts from Water for Potable Use

Eleven different organic materials were tested for their ability to remove chloride ions from an artificial seawater solution. The sweet sagewort (Artemesia annua) was found to have the highest absorption capacity and was further tested in order to determine the optimum conditions for chloride removal. Sweet sagewort is from the same Asteraceae family as the Parthenium sp. which has been shown to remove high percentages of chloride ions from artificial seawater, possibly due to its abundance of amine binding sites. An FT-IR test (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) showed that amine groups were also present in the sweet sagewort. The sweet sagewort was able to remove 27.1% of the chloride ions at a ratio of sagewort to artificial seawater of 7 g per liter. Although Korean melon was unsuccessful at removing chloride ions, it removed copper (II) ions from water. The Korean melon was able to achieve 95% removal at a ratio of 2.5 g/L (melon/water) at pH of 7.

Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome in Korean Pollinosis Patients: A Nationwide Survey.

PurposePollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy in pollinosis patients caused by raw fruits and vegetables and is the most common food allergy in adults. However, there has been no nationwide study on PFAS in Korea. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PFAS in Korea.MethodsTwenty-two investigators participated in this study, in which patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or bronchial asthma with pollen allergy were enrolled. The questionnaires included demographic characteristics, a list of fruits and vegetables, and clinical manifestations of food allergy. Pollen allergy was diagnosed by skin prick test and/or measurement of the serum level of specific IgE.ResultsA total of 648 pollinosis patients were enrolled. The prevalence of PFAS was 41.7% (n = 270). PFAS patients exhibited cutaneous (43.0%), respiratory (20.0%), cardiovascular (3.7%) or neurologic symptoms (4.8%) in addition to oropharyngeal symptoms. Anaphylaxis was noted in 8.9% of the PFAS patients. Seventy types of foods were linked to PFAS; e.g., peach (48.5%), apple (46.7%), kiwi (30.4%), peanut (17.4%), plum (16.3%), chestnut (14.8%), pineapple (13.7%), walnut (14.1%), Korean melon (12.6%), tomato (11.9%), melon (11.5%) and apricot (10.7%). Korean foods such as taro/taro stem (8.9%), ginseong (8.2%), perilla leaf (4.4%), bellflower root (4.4%), crown daisy (3.0%), deodeok (3.3%), kudzu root (3.0%) and lotus root (2.6%) were also linked to PFAS.ConclusionsThis was the first nationwide study of PFAS in Korea. The prevalence of PFAS was 41.7%, and 8.9% of the PFAS patients had anaphylaxis. These results will provide clinically useful information to physicians.

Changes in Air Temperature of Plastic House as Affected by Light Control Film and Their Impacts on Korean Melon Yield

이 연구는 CHO-CO와 PO필름이 시설 내 기온과 참 외의 특성, 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었 다. 2017년 1월 8일 기온의 일변화 조사에서 조광필름 처리구의 최고, 최저 및 평균 기온은 각각 38.9°C, 13.4°C, 20.1°C 이었고, PO필름 처리구에서 각각 40.0°C, 14.9°C, 20.3°C로 처리 간 차이가 거의 없었고, 2월부터 5월까지 과실특성, 품질 및 수량 조사에서도 처 리 간 차이가 없었다. 그러나 고온기인 8월 7일부터 1일 간 기온의 일변화에서 조광필름 처리구의 최고, 최저 및 평균 기온은 각각 47.2°C, 23.1°C, 32.4°C 이었고, PO필 름 처리구에서도 각각 50.3°C, 23.6°C, 34.0oC로 조광필 름 처리구에서 최고 및 평균기온이 각각 3.1°C, 1.6oC 더 낮았다. 특히 주간의 기온만 비교해 보면 저온기에는 차이가 거의 없지만 고온기에는 PO필름에 비해 조광필 름 처리구에서 3.0°C까지 기온이 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2017년 5월 26일부터 8월 15일까지의 고온기의 품질 및 수량 조사에서도 PO필름 처리구에 비해 조광필 름 처리구에서 과중이 371.6g으로 22.2g 더 가볍고, 태 좌부의 당도는 14.5o brix로 1.4o brix 더 높고, 과피의 색도(a값)도 12.3으로 1.5 더 높고, 상품과율도 89.4%로 8.0%P 증가하였고 10a당 상품수량도 2,694kg으로 26% 증가하였다. 결론적으로 고온기에 조광필름은 참외 생산 에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

Dissipation kinetics, pre-harvest residue limits, and hazard quotient assessments of pesticides flubendiamide and fluopicolide in Korean melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa) grown under regulated conditions in plastic greenhouses.

The dissipation kinetics, pre-harvest residue limits, and hazard quotient (HQ) assessments of the pesticides flubendiamide and fluopicolide were conducted for Korean melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa) cultivated at two different sites. A single extraction and cleanup procedure was carried out using acetone (partitioned with dichloromethane) and amino solid-phase extraction cartridges, respectively. Residue analysis was performed by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Both pesticides showed excellent linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9996 for flubendiamide and fluopicolide, respectively. The accuracy (expressed as recovery %) at three spiking levels was 92.0-103.6 and 82.8-105.3%, and the precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was 1.7-3.4 and 2.7-5.3% for flubendiamide and fluopicolide, respectively. The initial residues of flubendiamide/fluopicolide were 0.326/0.376 and 0.206/0.298mg/kg at sites 1 and 2, respectively. These amounts were substantially lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs=1 and 0.5mg/kg for flubendiamide and fluopicolide, respectively) established by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The half-lives of flubendiamide were 5.8 and 6.5days, and those of fluopicolide were 6.7 and 9.1days at sites 1 and 2, respectively. The shorter half-lives were attributed to seasonal variations (higher temperatures) and enzymatic and metabolic profiling. The risk assessment HQs of flubendiamide were 0.217/0.249 on day 0, which decreased to 0.102/0.168 on day 5, and to 0.065/0.88 on day 10; the HQ values for fluopicolide were 0.029/0.042, 0.022/0.025, and 0.010/0.019 on day 0, day 5, and day 10, for sites 1/2, respectively. From this data, we concluded that the fruits could be consumed safely.

Beneficial Effect of Heat Fans on Quality and Yield of Korean Melon Cultivated in Greenhouses at Winter Season

Beneficial Effect of Heat Fans on Quality and Yield of Korean Melon Cultivated in Greenhouses at Winter Season

Dissipation pattern and risk quotients assessment of amisulbrom in Korean melon cultivated in plastic house conditions.

Amisulbrom formulated as suspension concentrate was applied at the rate recommended for Korean melon to determine the dissipation pattern (at two different sites), the pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL), and risk assessments. Samples collected over 10days were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and cleaned up with solid-phase extraction (SPE) Florisil cartridge. Residual concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (LC-UVD) and confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The standard showed good instrument response linearity with a correlation coefficient (R 2)=0.9999, and the recovery ranged from 87.5 to 93.7%. The dissipation half-life calculated from two different sites were found to be 7.0 and 8.8days for sites 1 and 2, respectively. A PHRL graph constructed from the data indicated that if the residue levels were less than 0.55-0.59mg/kg 3days before harvest or less than 0.61-0.74mg/kg 7days before harvest, then they would be lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) at harvest. Risk assessments showed that the risk quotient (RQ) was 4.39-3.47% at 0day, declined to 1.53-1.63% at 10days. Therefore, the current data indicate that the amisulbrom can be applied safely to Korean melon; hence, it is unlikely to induce adverse health effects in consumers.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii(Teleomorph Athelia rolfsii) Associated with Sclerotium Rot of Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino

In the present study, a severe outbreak of Sclerotium rot on Korean melon(Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino) observed in Jinju, Korea in August of 2014 and 2015 is reported. The fruit rot disease on the surface of Korean melon fruit appeared as water soaked lesion followed by the development of large rotten areas with abundant white mycelial growth. Abundant white mycelial mats with globoid and white to brown sclerotia(1-3 mm) were also developed on stems near the soil line, and infected plants withered. The fungal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and formed white colonies with numerous sclerotia on PDA. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The mycelium formed typical clamp connection. These measurements and taxonomic characteristics were most similar to those of Sclerotium. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene region confirmed that the fungal isolates were Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. Koch’s postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on fruit. Based on mycological characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and molecular identification, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Sclerotium rot caused by S. rolfsii on Korean melon in Korea.