Korean Entities Research Articles

Towards sustainable and resilient ASEAN-Korea economic integration 2.0

Korea and ASEAN are currently seeing a golden age in their partnership; their trade and investment relations are strengthening rapidly, and ASEAN has become a key player in Korea's diplomacy. However, there are a number of challenges in this relationship, such as Korea's high level of reliance on a single ASEAN member (Vietnam), Korean businesses’ relatively short history in ASEAN, and inconsistencies and ambiguities in Korea's diplomatic approach towards ASEAN. In order to overcome these issues, Korean entities could consider seeking local partners in ASEAN, spotting economic and societal priorities in national and ASEAN development strategies, and taking advantage of ASEAN's intra-regional integration. There are two areas, namely Indonesia's electric vehicle value chain and smart city construction, in which Korea's public and private entities are attempting to gain a foothold by adopting these strategies.

Imperial run-off: Korean golf in the Clark Special Economic Zone in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Korean golf in the Clark Special Economic Zone (Clark SEZ) in the Philippines demonstrates how new inter-Asian imperial relations are taking place within the lingering effects of a colonial past. As the largest United States military outpost in Asia for most of the twentieth century, Clark SEZ is now controlled by the Philippine central government under the Office of the President which brokers the lease of land to foreign investors, including South Korean entities. Following Hannah Arendt who defines imperialism as international business interests disguised as national interests, we understand Korean imperialism in the area as capitalist investments that take nationalist forms. Korean golf—defined as Korean people, culture, and property related to the sport of golf—reterritorializes the South Korean nation onto Clark and operates within historically produced inequalities of the area characterized by environmental, class, gender, racial, and economic asymmetries. Korean golf plays a central role in bringing Korean people to Clark and anchoring Korean investment in manufacturing, hospitality industries, and real estate. Exclusive developments like Korean golf courses function to deny the claims to land made by indigenous peoples and small-scale farmers who assert their ancestral rights to these lands and their rights to farm for their survival. This study weaves together the subjective pleasures of Korean golf with the critical stakes for those who are erased from the landscapes they call home.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Derbesia maxima sp. nov. (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from Korea based on morphological and molecular data

A green alga was collected from Daejin, located on the eastern coast of Korea. It shows a typical siphonous thallus structure composed of erect and prostrate filaments like other Derbesia sporophytes and is characterized by a relatively large sporophytic thallus (6–8 cm) without calcified attachment disk, irregularly or subdichotomously branched filaments with a basal septum and 1(2) pyrenoid per ovoid to lenticular, occasionally irregular chloroplast. Sporangia have an obovoid or pyriform shape with a short pedicel and septum at the base. Vesicular gametophytes are spherical or ovoid, with short anchoring stalk and rhizoids. A heteromorphic life history alternating between sporophytic filaments and gametophytic Halicystis stage was observed. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequence, the Korean entity nests in a sister clade to several species groups including the type Derbesia marina, and of these species, D. fastigiata is closest to the Korean alga with a genetic divergence of 3.1%. However, it is distinguished from the Korean species by the size of sporophytic thalli, branching pattern, basal constriction of laterals, and shape of sporangia. The other species forming the sister clade are also distinguished from the Korean entity by general morphological features of sporophytes and gametophytes. The specific distinction of the Korean alga from those species is supported by its genetic divergence, which is considered to be involved in the inter-specific range for the genus based on the previous data. Accordingly, Derbesia maxima sp. nov. is proposed for this siphonous green alga from Korea.

<i>Monostroma alittorale</i>, a marine green algal species newly recorded in Korea

A marine green algal species (Chlorophyta) was collected from the eastern coast of Korea. It is morphologically characterized by monostromatic thallus, usually undulate and entire margins, cap-like chloroplast and several pyrenoids per cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on molecular data, the Korean alga nests in the same clade as Monostroma alittorale originally described from Japan, as a sister clade of M. grevillei from France. The genetic distance for ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences among Monostroma species ranges from 2.3% to 38.2%. The value between the Korean entity and M. alittorale was calculated as 0.01%, considered to be intraspecific divergence. This Korean entity is identified as Monostroma alittorale based on morphological and molecular analyses. This is the first record of M. alittorale in Korea.

Analysis Report on Attacks and Defence Modeling Approach to Cyber Security

The researcher stated that critical analysis on attacks and defense modeling approach to cyber security which is one of the significant research issues in the computing environment. The researcher focused on some of the factors such as control the side of damage, perform forensic analysis, executive standard counter measures, perform threat detection and hunting, and gather threat intelligence. These all are the defense parameters which are stated to modeling approach in cyber security. During the research the researcher evaluated the security parameters including password strength, fraud detection system, firewall and others security parameters which are significant with respect to cyber attach and environment. The researcher shown statistical report on industries impacted by cyber-attacks worldwide as of September 2017. The researcher stated that passwords are basic cyber-security tool that people encounter nearly every day to prevent valuable data and highly sensitive information from unauthorized persons. The researcher represented an attack and defense modeling approach with the help of cyber security attributes such as information security, network security, operational security, end-user protection and application security. The researcher also stated that a case study of the 2016 Korean cyber command compromise: the victim of a prospering cyber-attack that allowed access to internal networks. Per usual with massive scale attacks against South Korean entities, the hack was straight off attributed to DPRK. Case study-2: cyber warfare conflict analysis and case studies, to analysis historical cyber warfare incidents from the past to the current and capture relevant information in a very information acquisition section.

Patent Litigation Court from the perspective of a Korean Entity

Patent Litigation Court from the perspective of a Korean Entity

A Survey on Research Trend in modern Japanese History

The Japanese modern history research trends from 2014 to 2015 could be summarized as follows. This paper, based on the awareness of the issues of Korea specific Japanese modern history, was divided into three subject. A first subject is about “How the Japanese modern had been created”. Researches of this subject show its own interpretation about the Meiji Restoration. Other researches of this subject is looking for the breakpoint or the continuity between the early modern and the modern Japan. The second subject is about the “Imperial Japan and colonies”. These researches focus on not the war itself, but the war system. Also researches about during the interwar period have been activated. And researches for the colonial Korean entities in Japan modern history are the main current of this subject area too. This subject has advanced through various angles. The last subject is about “What the contemporary Japan is to us”. These researches are proceeding through various themes to understand contemporary Japan. However some of these researches have concentrated only on the educations, especially history education. Now for the implementation of the awareness of the issues about Japanese modern history in Korea, it is necessary to promote the network and the forum between researchers.

한국의 자생 해조 발굴 연구: 미기록종 끈가시우무 (열매가지과, 돌가사리목)

In the course of the survey of indigenous species, a red algal Hypnea species was collected from eastern coast of Korea. This species is distinct from other species of Hypnea in having percurrent and cylindrical axis, linear to lanceolate branchlets in axes except their lower portion and medullary cell walls without lenticular thickenings. This Korean entity is identified as Hypnea chordacea K<TEX>$\ddot{u}$</TEX>tzing (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) based on those features. This is the first record of Hypnea chordacea in Korea.

New record of two marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) in Korea

Two marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) were collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Korea. One is morphologically characterized by usually unbranched or little branched ribbon-shaped thalli, fronds with spirally twisted basal portions and usually undulate margins and 1 (-2) pyrenoids per cell. The other has irregularly shaped thalli, undulate and dentate margins in the fronds, small macroscopic denticulations along the margin and (1-) 2-3 pyrenoids per cell. In phylogenetic tree based on molecular data, the two species nest in the same clade with Ulva flexuosa and U. rigida, respectively. These two Korean entities are identified as U. flexuosa and U. rigida, respectively, based on morphological and molecular analyses. This is the first record of Ulva flexuosa and U. rigida in Korea.

Morphology and molecular study of Pterosiphonia arenosa sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Jeju Island, Korea

The genus Pterosiphonia is composed of 22 species worldwide and four of these species have been reported in the North-East Asia. In Korea, P. pennata originally described from the Mediterranean Sea has been previously recorded from the southern coast as a widespread species. In order to confirm the same species from Korea and Mediterranean, we observed the morphology of Korean Pterosiphonia specimen and analyzed rbcL sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships among similar congeners. Korean entity was recognized as a new species, Pterosiphonia arenosa sp. nov. The new species is characterized by ecorticate axes with 7-10 pericentral cells, branches formed every two segments, and coalesced with main axis over 1-1.25 axial segments, and tetrasporangia formed in straight series on determinate branches of the upper parts of erect axes. A phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences demonstrated that P. arenosa was distinct from P. pennata found in Spain as well as other species. In conclusion, morphological and molecular sequence data indicated that P. arenosa sp. nov. has been previously misidentified as P. pennata in Korea.

Reasons for Investing in North Korea

IntroductionAssistance from United States to Korea has fallen sharply over past few years, as shown in Table 1. Food aid has been scrutinized due to restrictions on donor agencies by Korean government. Furthermore, two most important donors of food aid to Korea, South Korea and China, have little or no monitoring system in place (Manyin, 2006). This may explain why, in summer of 2005, Korean government announced that it would no longer need humanitarian assistance from United Nations, channel for U.S. food aid.Furthermore, United States, its allies, and United Nations have increasingly imposed tougher economic sanctions against Korea in recent years, as communist country has developed more advanced weapons of mass destruction. On September 12, 2005, U.S. Department of Treasury designated Banco Delta Asia (BDA), a bank in Macau at which Korean entities maintained accounts, as a primary money laundering concern and proposed rules to restrict U.S. financial institutions from engaging in financial transactions with it. On October 9, 2006, Korea set off its first nuclear test. The UN Security Council voted unanimously on October 14 to slap Korea with trade, travel, and other sanctions as punishment for its claimed nuclear weapons test.To overcome economic problems caused by falling humanitarian assistance and economic sanctions, Korea has worked very hard in recent years to improve business climate for foreign companies and individual investors, in an effort to boost its sagging economy. Although improved business climate by itself is not sufficient reason for doing business, it is a necessary ingredient for business relations. No external investors or traders will do business with Korea or any other country unless reasonable opportunities exist for making money.Evidence indicates that Pyongyang will continue to improve its business climate so that foreign companies and investors can make money in this impoverished country. If business climate in Korea continues to improve, as expected, several reasons surface for doing business with country. First, in July 2002, Korea introduced most significant liberalization measures-called the July 2002 Economic Reform-since start of communist rule in 1948. Second, denuclearization agreement of February 13, 2007, is expected to lead to easing of a number of stringent economic sanctions against Korea imposed by United States, its allies, and United Nations. Third, Korea has recently established four special economic zones as its survival strategy. Fourth, there are a number of favorable factors for foreign investment in Korea.The July 2002 Reforms in KoreaOn July 1, 2002, Korea carried out an all-out of its economic system in order to manage its economy better. Given drastic changes in economic management prescribed by government in internal document sent to state bodies at all levels on June 1, 2002, North Korean style economic reform is expected to have an enormous impact on not only economy but also regime itself. The comprehensive initiative toward practical and decentralized policies for economic recovery was indeed a historic decision for socialist country, which had adhered to its inflexible centrally planned economic policies despite worst economic crises ever in food, foreign currency, and energy in years following 1995.Five years have now passed since Korea introduced its historic economic reforms, and there are already signs that reforms have improved country's economy and investment climate (Nam, 2007). First, overall price increase of all products has given masses a new recognition of money. Although prices have soared 18 times higher on average, wages have been raised discriminately, according to different occupations. …

Playing By the Rules in Korea: Lessons Learned in the North-South Economic Engagement

This paper identifies common problems and solutions South Korean firms experience in engaging with North Korean entities. Korean government and commercial entities on both sides of the 38th parallel are guilty of engaging in economic policies and exchange that do not promote North Korea's productive and responsible introduction into world trade circles. U.S. and South Korean investment now that encourages North Korea to play by the rules of capitalist market exchange will pay off in inexpensive security guarantees much later down the road.

Organizational practice, information resource deployment and systems success: a cross-cultural survey

This study analyses differences and similarities in information technology (IT) resource, practice and perceived success across firms in the USA, France and Korea. Results are framed within the context of cultural characteristics and their influence on business practice as developed in international business, cultural anthropology and social psychology literature. Our findings indicate similarities in resource use across these varying cultures. Specifically, IT budget and deployment policies seem fairly consistent among the countries examined. In contrast, very distinct differences in IT practice are observed. Specifically, the role of IT, integration of strategic and IT planning, and risk taking in information systems (IS) projects varied among the countries examined. Korean entities, unlike their US and French counterparts, seem to view IT in a more traditional, operational vein with little tolerance for risk taking. Interestingly, perceived benefits of IT use also varied among countries. Consistent with their cultural profile, US firms seem positively to associate market level impact with the measured dimensions of IT practice and use. The results of this study, along with the cultural context in which they are presented, should aid both corporate planners and researchers in recognizing and explaining cultural differences and their potential influence on IT policy and use.