Korean Companies Research Articles

The Effect of Witnessed Incivility on Instigated Incivility: Focused on Mediating Effect of Stress

Purpose Although the research stream of incivility consistently has focused on this concept for about twenty years, researchers’ interests have merely reached at the witnessed incivility. Because of the lack of studies on the witnessed incivility, this study tries to identify the relationship witnessed incivility has with the other variables. Design/Methodology/Approach In detail, the research model examined the bad outcome that an employee who witnessed incivility gets stresses that make the employee instigates incivility. To analyze the research model, the sample data was composed of 210 respondents who work for Korean companies, and the data analyzed by the covariance structural equation modeling method. Findings As a result, it is examined that witnessed incivility has positive effect on workplace stress, and workplace stress had positive effect on the outcome variable, instigated incivility. it is also analyzed that witnessed incivility has significant indirect positive effect on the outcome variable via the bootstrapping method. The result means incivility at workplace can spread out thorough the way of witnessed incivility to the other colleagues. Research Implications The most important implication is that this study found out the new possible bad consequence of incivility, which implies the more studies needs to be focused on the witnessed incivility. Moreover, this study also commits to examine the empirical possibility of incivility spiral.

조직문화와 직무열의의 관계에서 진성리더십의 매개효과

This study focused on leadership roles in reducing gender inequality among workers within organizations and promoting women's participation in society. The purpose of this study is to examine how female managers' authentic leadership is demonstrated in terms of organizational culture and to identify factors affecting job engagement that leads to continuous labor market participation. For the analysis, a total of 975 female managers above the manager level were targeted by using the 7th data of the female manager panel surveyed by the Korea Women's Policy Institute. As a research method, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to verify the relationship and effect between variables. The results of the study were first, that rational organizational culture had a positive (+) effect on female managers' job engagement, and irrational organizational culture had a negative (-) effect on job engagement. Second, it was found that rational organizational culture had a positive (+) effect on authentic leadership, and irrational organizational culture had no significant effect on genuine leadership. Third, authentic leadership was found to have a positive (+) effect on job engagement. Fourth, authentic leadership was found to partially mediate in the relationship between rational organizational culture and job engagement. This study is meaningful in that it is an integrated study that examines the organizational culture characteristics in which female managers demonstrate authentic leadership and at the same time examines the relationship between them and their influence on job engagement. In addition, it is significant in that it provided a practical basis for introducing a system for cultivating authentic leadership that can bring female managers' engagement for the job even in the irrational organizational culture of Korean companies and the need for managerial education.

Problems and Perspectives of Economic “Integration” of the Russian Federation and South Korea in the ADZ of Far East

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Advanced development zone’s (ADZ) initiative in the context of the economic integration of the Russian Federation and South Korea. The author of the article, relying on an extensive source base, for the first time attempts to answer the question of what factors impede the successful implementation of projects by the two countries within the framework of the ADZ initiative.The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the main problems and prospects for cooperation between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation in ASEZs.The study was carried out within the framework of an integrated approach using the SCAN Interfax media environment analysis system as one of the main forecasting tools. At the same time, the author draws on statistical data reflecting the state of export-import, trade turnover between the two countries over the past five years.The analysis of the source made it possible to determine that despite the huge interest of South Korean business in the emerging markets of the Russian Federation, due to the complicated administrative procedures, the fundamental difference in the procedure for investing in high-tech and commercial production, lack of trust in the Russian system of economic planning, insufficient study of ways of doing business with South Korean companies with On the part of Russian Far Eastern specialists, the project could not be implemented as planned.

Overcoming women’s isolation at work: The effect of organizational structure and practices on female managers’ workplace relationships

Successful career outcomes depend on maintaining positive relationships with and evaluations from supervisors and peers. Recognizing that structure frames behaviors and perceptions, this study explores the impact of organizational structure and practices on the relationships of 598 women in 298 Korean companies using longitudinal data from 2010 to 2016. The results from fixed-effects models show that corporate structure and practices shape female managers’ relationships with supervisors and peers. Gender equality practices improve relationships with both men and women. By contrast, diversity programs have negative effects on female managers’ relationships with female supervisors and peers, and work–life programs show mixed results. However, in firms with female executives and firms that encourage men to use parental leave, diversity programs and work–life practices stimulate positive relationships with both male and female supervisors and peers. This study suggests that organizational contexts, rather than intrinsic gender preferences, shape women’s relationships in the workplace.

Problems and Prospects of Economic Integration of Russia and South Korea in the ASEZs

This article analyzes the Advanced Special Economic Zones (ASEZ) initiative in the context of economic integration of the Russian Federation and South Korea. The author of the article, relying on an extensive source base, for the first time attempts to answer the question of what factors impede the successful implementation of projects by the two countries within the framework of this initiative. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the main problems and prospects of cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation within the ASEZ. The study was carried out within the framework of an integrated approach using the SCAN Interfax media environment analysis system as one of the main forecasting tools. At the same time, the author draws on statistical data reflecting the state of export-import and trade turnover between the two countries over the past five years. The analysis of the source made it possible to determine that despite the huge interest of South Korean business in the emerging markets of the Russian Federation, the project could not be implemented as planned due to the complicated administrative procedures, the fundamental difference in the procedure for investing in high-tech and commercial production, lack of trust in the Russian system of economic planning as well as insufficient experience in ways of doing business with South Korean companies by Russian Far Eastern specialists.

Geopolitical and Economic Backgrounds for Japan’s Participation in International Associations at the Present Stage

Japan is one of the undisputed economic leaders in the Asia-Pacific region, despite the fact that in a number of macroeconomic indicators (for example, in nominal GDP) it gave the primacy to China in the late 2000s. Nevertheless, the positions of Japanese financial and industrial groups in the automotive and shipbuilding sectors, information technology, telecommunications systems, and power equipment manufacturing are still strong in the world markets. Tokyo also feels confident in the international political space - most regional problems are solved with the active participation of Japan. Accordingly, the Japanese government has all the possibilities to conduct a clear and consistent foreign policy with a maximum consideration for its own interests, as well as it has opportunities to attract a wide range of overseas partners to mutually beneficial cooperation within the framework of multilateral agreements. However, nowadays in the Asia-Pacific markets, Japanese corporations face increasing competition from Chinese and South Korean companies, which forces Japan to take into account new geopolitical situations and strive to softly promote its vision of regional development. The purpose of the study is to analyze Japans approaches to participation in current international associations and to assess the overall impact of these approaches on the geopolitical and economic space of the Asia-Pacific region. The research methodology is based on the apparatus of social sciences (comparative analysis, content analysis, economic and statistical analysis, synthesis, historical and logical methods), and is supplemented by a systematic approach to the research topic through the search and interpretation of the appropriate information.

Does corporate ownership enforce sustainable development? An empirical study on Korean companies.

This study examined Korean companies on whether ownership affects corporate social responsibility performance (CSP) to influence on the corporate financial performance (CFP). According to the results, ownership has causational relationship with financial performance of firms varies upon proxy of CFP. Ownership and CFP demonstrates reverse-U type with ROA but U-type with market to book ratio (MB ratio). Second, ownership and CSP does not prove to have any causality. Partly, ownership shows negative effects on corporate governance. Finally, CSP does not affect profit (ROA) but improve the market value. For the moment, CSP is not an active factor to find out that high proportion of the companies in the sample during the research period were credited low CSP. Most of the companies with high credits on CSP are efficient and stable profit earning companies which leave room to consider the slack-resource theory.

Determinants and effects of using ethical management system in Korean logistics companies

Ethical management is not a choice for companies, but a necessity. This study, therefore, filled a need for further research into ethical management. We looked at the factors involved in a company’s employment of an ethical management system and relationships between factors to determine how the subordinate variable, the ethical management system, affects the performance of an enterprise.In specific, this study identified internal and external factors involved in ethical management systems in Korea’s domestic shipping and port logistics companies. We investigated the impact of these factors on organizational performance variables and each level of the ethical management system.According to empirical findings, only internal factors such as openness and internal integrity, and external factors such as normative and cognitive environments, had positive effects on the use of an ethical management system. On the other hand, transparency, which is an internal factor, and regulatory environment, which is an external factor, had no positive impact.

한국 우주산업 네트워크에서의 기업위치가 성과에 미치는 영향

Space development has been led by the state due to huge investment, risks of development failure, and restrictions on international cooperation on technology development and transfer. For this reason, it has been developed mainly by some advanced countries and industrial network formed among them. However, Korean space industry is being promoted by the successful launch of ‘KSLV-I’ and ‘CAS 500-I’ and the space launch vehicle “KSLV-II” under development. Recently, Korea and U.S. agreed to end bilateral missile guidelines. Therefore it is expected that development of Korean space industry will be accelerated due to the disappearance of the constraining factors for the development of space launch vehicles. Accordingly, this study examined the development and formation of the Korean space industry through the framework of network analysis. Based on this, the effect of structural position in the industrial network as a resource on the performance of Korean space companies was examined. Panel analysis was applied. Through this study, ideas for fostering the domestic space industry and implications for national policy related with building an industrial ecosystem are derived. It contributes to the development of space industry in Korea.

Effects of Influencer Marketing on Brand Attitude and Purchasing Intention: A Case of Wanghong Marketing of Korean Companies

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of major determinants of Wanghong marketing on brand attitude and purchasing intention. Based on literature reviews, we present three hypotheses: First, Wanghong marketing will have a positive impact on brand attitude. Second, Wanghong marketing will have a positive impact on purchasing intention. Third, brand attitude will have a positive impact on purchasing intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Survey results on a total of 166 Chinese students in Korea were used for analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized model, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyse the hypotheses. Results: This research results are as follows. First, Wanghong marketing was found to have a positive effect on the brand attitude. Second, it was found that Wanghong marketing had a positive effect on the purchasing intention. Third, it was found that the brand attitude had a positive effect on the purchasing intention. Implications: This study investigated the factors of Wanghong marketing that affected the brand attitude and the purchasing intention. To do that, the author surveyed the variables related to Wanghong marketing to Chinese consumers. The findings suggest that Korean firms need to improve their marketing performance by improving expertise, attractiveness, informativeness and entertainment, which are major determinants of Wanghong marketing.

Effects of Influencer Marketing on Brand Attitude and Purchasing Intention: A Case of Wanghong Marketing of Korean Companies

Effects of Influencer Marketing on Brand Attitude and Purchasing Intention: A Case of Wanghong Marketing of Korean Companies

SK backs cell and gene therapy venture

The Center for Breakthrough Medicines (CBM), a cell and gene therapy contract services firm, plans to expand research and manufacturing with an investment from SK . CBM was established in 2019 by the Discovery Labs after the latter acquired a GlaxoSmithKline R&D center in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. CBM says it will hire 2,000 people over the next 4 years. SK, a South Korean company with investments in life sciences, energy, and other industries, says it will partner with CBM in providing cell and gene therapy services.

CEO Compensation in Korea: Is It Different than in the US? A Comparison between Korean Non-Life Insurance Firms and US Property-Liability Insurance Firms

This study investigates the level, structure, and pay-for-performance relationship of CEO compensation in Korean non-life insurance companies. We find that seniority plays an important role in setting CEO compensation practices and that performance-based pay, such as bonus, is more effective than base salary in enhancing shareholder value for Korean non-life insurers. Unlike previous studies that show that international differences in executive pay have been diminished considerably since the 2000s, our evidence shows that there is a remarkable difference in CEO compensation between Korean non-life insurers and U.S. property-liability insurers. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the pay-performance relationship is weaker in Korean non-life insurance companies relative to US counterparts, suggesting that it is necessary for Korean non-life insurers to tie performance-based compensation more closely to shareholder value in the design of CEO compensation.

The Effect of the Characteristics of Overseas Subsidiaries on the Export of Firms

Purpose - Amid restrictions on international movement and decrease in overseas investment and trade due to COVID-19, this study analyzed the impact of asset size and age of overseas subsidiaries on exports and export costs of domestic parent companies. Design/Methodology/Approach - The samples used were 61,423 company-year date for the period covering 2011 to 2020 by the Korea Listed Companies Association TS2000 and KISVALUE. Findings - The results of empirical analysis were as follows. The asset size and age of overseas subsidiaries have a statistically significant positive impact on the total export volume of Korean parent companies and support the export complementary effect of overseas subsidiaries. In addition, the effects of characteristics of overseas subsidiaries on exports of goods and exports of product were examined separately, and results were not consistent. In the case of product exports, it can be interpreted that using an overseas subsidiary as a factor of production to reduce costs will result in the reimport of overseas produced products, thereby reducing the trade balance. Finally, subsidiary assets size and age have a significant positive effect on export costs. Research Implications - In conclusion, this suggests that if a company ownes an overseas subsidiary, it needs to enter the overseas market as early as possible and grow assets through proactive investment.

A Study on the Productivity Test of Strategic Alliance and R&D Innovation for the Globalization of Korean Companies

Purpose - This paper aims to test the differences in the productivity of Korean companies according to whether they pursue strategic alliances as an open innovation strategy and implement R&D investment. Design/Methodology/Approach - We estimated labor productivity and total factor productivity using data from 2006 to 2018 from the Corporate Activity Survey of Statistics Korea. We tested the difference in productivity by utilizing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as non-parametric test method. Findings - As result of the test, firstly the productivity of companies that promoted strategic alliance was higher on average. Secondly, the productivity of Korean companies with experience implementing R&D investment with strategic alliances was higher on average than those of firms without experience in implementing strategic alliances and R&D. In addition, companies that invested in R&D intensively along with strategic alliances had higher productivity on average than companies that did not. Research Implications - These results suggest that a company s R&D performance along with a strategic alliance acts as means to increase productivity by producing and accumulating knowledge inside the company and absorbing external knowledge. In this regard, policy efforts are needed to reduce uncertainty in external environmental changes as well as at a global level, and to promote diverse cooperation for global strategies and the R&D investment of Korean companies.

A Study on the Productivity Test of Strategic Alliance and R&D Innovation for the Globalization of Korean Companies

A Study on the Productivity Test of Strategic Alliance and R&D Innovation for the Globalization of Korean Companies

An Analysis of Male and Female Managers' Responses to Work Stress: Focused on the Case of South Korea.

This study aims to determine how work the stress of female and male managers in Korean companies influences their capabilities and career development behavior and analyzes how it affects their turnover intention. According to the analysis results determined using the panel data from the Korean Women’s Development Institute, first, work stress experienced by managers increases their turnover intentions regardless of gender. Secondly, more work stress decreases the development behavior of male mangers but strengthens the career development behavior of female managers. Thirdly, greater work stress decreases manager capabilities but strengthens the capabilities of female managers. Fourthly, career development behavior and capabilities as a mediator variable act differently according to gender on the relationship between work stress and turnover intention. We discussed the results of this study while considering the peculiarities of Korea, which has strong male-centered corporate culture, and presented theoretical and practical implications of the results of this study.

Uneven Use of Remote Work to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in South Korea's Stratified Labor Market.

Background: This research analyzed whether South Korean companies adopted remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the dual labor market structure comprising of primary sector (large corporations) and secondary sector [small and medium enterprises (SMEs)]. Companies in the dual labor market were classified based on firm size.Methods: We used August supplementary data from the Economically Active Population Survey covering 2017–2020 provided by Statistics Korea. In this empirical study, a Linear Probability Model was used to analyze the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work since COVID-19 depending on the size of the company.Results: This study showed three main results. First, unlike other flexible work systems, the use of remote work has increased rapidly since COVID-19. Second, the larger the size of the company, the higher the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work after COVID-19. Third, according to the analysis by industry, the difference in remote work utilization between large corporations and SMEs was relatively small because of a similar working method in manufacturing.Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that polarization within the dual labor market structure also spilled over to adoption of remote work, which was initially introduced to prevent the spread of the pandemic. This study examined the system and factors of labor-management relations contributing to such polarization and presented policy directions for the current labor market structure.

Immunogenicity of a new enhanced tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model

BackgroundThe necessity of the tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adolescence and adults has been emphasized since the resurgence of small-scale pertussis in Korea and worldwide due to the waning effect of the vaccine and variant pathogenic stains in the late 1990s. GreenCross Pharma (GC Pharma), a Korean company, developed the Tdap vaccine GC3111 in 2010. Recently, they enhanced the vaccine, GC3111, produced previously in 2010 to reinforce the antibody response against filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). In this study, immunogenicity and efficacy of the enhanced Tdap vaccine compared and evaluated with two Tdap vaccines, GC3111 vaccine produced in 2010 previously and commercially available Tdap vaccine in a murine model.MethodsTwo tests groups and positive control group of Balb/c mice were primed with two doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine followed by a single booster Tdap vaccine at 9 week using the commercially available Tdap vaccine or 2 Tdap vaccines from GC Pharma (GC3111, enhanced GC3111). Humoral response was assessed 1 week before and 2 and 4 weeks after Tdap booster vaccination. The enhanced GC3111 generated similar humoral response compare to the commercial vaccine for filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1), interleukin 5 (IL-5) (Th2) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) (Th17) cytokines were assessed 4 weeks after booster vaccination by stimulation with three simulators: heat inactivated Bordetella pertussis (hBp), vaccine antigens, and hBp mixed with antigens (hBp + antigen). A bacterial challenge test was performed 4 weeks after booster vaccination.ResultsRegarding cell-mediated immunity, cytokine secretion differed among the three simulators. However, no difference was found between two test groups and positive control group. All the vaccinated groups indicated a Th1 or Th1/Th2 response. On Day 5 post-bacterial challenge, B. pertussis colonies were absent in the lungs in two test groups and positive control group.ConclusionsOur results confirmed the immunogenicity of GC Pharma’s Tdap vaccine; enhanced GC3111 was equivalent to the presently used commercial vaccine in terms of humoral response as well as cell-mediated cytokine expression.

Age and Cultural Differences in Recognitions of Emotions from Masked Faces among Koreans and Americans.

This study investigates age and cultural differences in the negative effects of senders’ wearing masks on receivers’ readabilities of senders’ facially expressed emotions in interpersonal interactions. An online experiment was thus conducted with Koreans and Americans aged over 20 years. Based on sampling quotas by nationality, age group and gender, Korean (n = 240) and American (n = 273) participants were recruited from panel members of a Korean research company and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk via email and the website, respectively. The participants played receiver roles to infer senders’ facially expressed emotions presented in photos in the experiment. They judged emotions facially expressed by the senders without masks and with masks are shown in photos. The results revealed that the senders’ wearing masks reduced the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed anger among participants aged 30–49 years more than among participants aged 20–29 years. The senders’ wearing masks decreased the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed fear for participants in their 50’s more than for participants in their 20’s. When the senders wore masks, the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed happiness dropped among participants aged over 60 years more than among participants aged 20–49 years. When senders wore masks, American participants’ readabilities of disgust, fear, sadness and happiness expressed in the senders’ faces declined more than Korean participants’ readabilities of those emotions. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.