Korea University Research Articles

Impact of pandemic-driven online education on student evaluation scores: A comparative study in natural sciences

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the adoption of online systems by educational institutions for infection control. The widespread implementation of online systems presented an opportunity to assess the impact of online education. However, research into the perceptions of students who directly experienced these changes remained relatively underexplored. This study conducted a comparative analysis of student evaluation of teaching scores (SET) before and after the pandemic to examine the impact of accelerated online system adoption on student satisfaction. This study employed a quantitative research design, utilising Ordinary Least Squares regression for the analysis. The analysis utilised SET data from 49,201 students enrolled in the College of Natural Sciences of a top-ranking university in South Korea from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that theory courses that emphasised information delivery demonstrated minimal changes in evaluation scores. By contrast, laboratory courses requiring direct student engagement and controlled environments demonstrated decreased scores. Notably, mathematics, with a conducive online learning environment for laboratory courses, exhibited improved post-pandemic evaluations. Furthermore, the student evaluation of teaching scores decreased in chemistry classes that require restricted laboratory settings. These findings highlight the importance of considering instructional characteristics when integrating modern technologies into educational systems to effectively replace traditional lectures.

Remimazolam Reduces Vasopressor Use Post-Induction and During Maintenance of General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecology: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Objectives: Laparoscopic gynecological surgeries are commonly performed under general anesthesia and can induce cardiovascular depression and hypotension, requiring vasopressor support. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, is used to treat minimal cardiovascular depression. This study compared the hemodynamic effects of remimazolam and sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 474 patients who underwent laparoscopic gynecological surgery at Korea University Anam Hospital between September 2021 and December 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the anesthetic agent used: remimazolam or sevoflurane. Hemodynamic parameters, vasopressor use, and intraoperative variables were compared between anesthetic agents. Propensity score matching was applied to account for potential confounders, and logistic regression was utilized to assess the relationship between anesthesia type and outcomes. Results: Remimazolam anesthesia was linked to a significantly lower incidence of vasopressor use compared to sevoflurane-based anesthesia (3.7% vs. 19.5%, p < 0.0001). The odds of requiring vasopressor support were significantly lower during the post-induction and maintenance phases in the remimazolam group. Furthermore, hemodynamic stability, particularly systolic and mean arterial pressures, was better maintained with remimazolam than sevoflurane. Conclusions: Remimazolam provides superior hemodynamic stability and reduces the need for vasopressor support during laparoscopic gynecological surgery compared with sevoflurane.

Nursing process performance measurement tool based on bloom’s revised taxonomy: A validity and reliability analysis

AimThis study aimed to develop a measurement tool that could evaluate educational approaches by integrating the cognitive dimensions required at each stage of the nursing process and strengthening the connection between education and clinical practice. BackgroundThe nursing process is a core component of nursing practice and supports nurses and nursing students in systematically performing the problem-solving process necessary for patient health management. DesignCross-sectional, methodological study. MethodsA nursing process performance measurement tool that could measure the cognitive dimensions required at each stage of the nursing process was developed based on Anderson’s and Bloom’s revised taxonomy. The data for this study were collected from July to August 2023 at four universities in South Korea. The reliability and validity of the measurement tool were evaluated through a survey conducted on 406 nursing students. Participants were third- and fourth-year nursing students with clinical practice experience, recruited through purposive sampling. ResultsThe developed tool was designed to systematically measure and evaluate each step of the nursing process. This tool consisted of 28 questions, each of which was divided into five assessment questions, six diagnosis questions, six planning questions, five implementation questions and six evaluation questions. Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 5 (“very much”). The measurement score ranged from 28 to 140 points, with higher scores indicating better nursing process performance. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the tool was 68.1 % and the Cronbach’s α value was 0.85 for all items. ConclusionsThis study provides a basis for evaluating educational approaches in nursing curricula by integrating the cognitive dimensions required at each stage of the nursing process. This approach can strengthen the connection between education and clinical practice and can be used not only as a tool to systematically evaluate the learning outcomes of nursing students but also as a standardized nursing process guide.

Exploring Determinants of Sustained Participation in New Sports: The Impact of YouTube Engagement and Educator Support.

This study explored the determinants of sustained participation in new sports by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and examining the moderating role of social support, as well as the influence of media interest. This present study aimed to contribute to the promotion and effective adoption of new sports by providing valuable data for new-sports educators to teach these activities. A survey was conducted among 313 university students enrolled in new-sports classes across five universities in Korea, utilizing a convenience sampling method. Using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, we conducted frequency, correlation, and reliability analyses, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between media interest, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intentions. The software Jamovi version 2.3.21 was employed to analyze the moderating effects of social support from educators on these relationships. The findings reveal that media interest significantly influenced the attitudes, which, in turn, along with subjective norms and PBC, affected the behavioral intentions. Moreover, the social support from educators moderated the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC on the behavioral intentions. This study concluded that leveraging media interest and enhancing social support can effectively promote engagement and sustained participation in new sports. These insights can offer practical strategies for stakeholders aiming to increase participation rates in new-sports activities.

The Exploration of EFL Preservice Teachers’ Self-Perceived Importance of Assessment Literacy

It is fundamental for language teachers to assess their students’ performance. Therefore, they should be familiar with various forms of assessments because teaching and assessing languages are closely related and have a great deal to do with one another. This study examined EFL preservice teachers’ perceptions of assessment literacy at a medium-sized university in South Korea, employing a survey questionnaire of self-perceived language assessment. The survey results reveal significant variability in the confidence levels of EFL preservice teachers across six domains of assessment literacy, with the highest confidence in preventing cheating and the lowest in constructing tests for advanced learners. Challenges in communicating assessment results, particularly with parents, indicate a need for professional development in communication strategies. While ethical practices and digital assessment literacy show strong commitment and proficiency, areas like avoiding "teaching to the test" and designing online tests require further training to ensure comprehensive assessment capabilities. Such an investigation in this study will assist in spreading the significance of assessment literacy and its results on teaching and learning. The implication of the study is expected to improve the policies and practices in the field of education.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed with the Endo GIA™ Stapler as an easy and safe approach.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of the Endo GIA™ Stapler (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) could be helpful in the dissection of adrenal tumors in complicated cases. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy between 2012 and 2022 at the College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea (Seoul, Republic of Korea). We adopted the Endo GIA™ Stapler (Medtronic) to seal vessels around adrenal gland and separate adrenal gland completely when it was difficult to perform meticulous dissection and isolation with laparoscopic instruments. Thirteen patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy with Endo GIA™ staplers were reviewed and compared with 45 other patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy without Endo GIA™ staplers. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in demographic, tumor-related, and diagnostic variables. Surgical outcomes such as margin involvement, bleeding, operation duration, rate of conversion to open surgery, blood transfusion, complications, and recurrence were not different between the two groups. In our experience, applying of the Endo GIA™ Stapler (Medtronic) in laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a feasible and acceptable approach.

Comparison of academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability of veterinary students based on college admission processes

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

대학의 지원에 대한 성인학습자의 인식: 잠재집단 분류 및 영향요인

The purpose of this study is to identify types of perceived institutional support among adult learners at four-year universities in Korea and to investigate how predictors and outcomes of institutional support vary across different groups. A latent profile analysis was employed to analyze data of 465 adult learners, sourced from the Korea-National Survey of Student Engagement surveyed in 2023. The main findings are as follows. First, four distinct types of perceived institutional support were identified: (a) unsatisfactory and avoidance, (b) ordinary and casual, (c) satisfactory and engagement, and (d) relationship-oriented. Second, significant factors differentiating the latent profile membership probabilities included grade, university admission type, type of high school, collaborative behavior, academic self-efficacy, and career maturity. Lastly, institutional commitment, as an outcome of university experience, was found to be higher in the ‘satisfactory and engagement’ group compared to others. Based on the findings, we discussed academic and practical implications for building adult-friendly university support systems that enrich adult learners’ student engagement and institutional commitment.

경계를 건넌 여성들의 고등교육 경험과 ‘대학’의 의미 탐색 - 남북한 고등교육에 참여한 탈북여성의 사례를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to examine the higher education experiences of North Korean defector women who have crossed both national borders and the boundary between life and death, focusing on their academic journeys in North and South Korea and the significance of their achievements in the South. This research involved a case study of three women who pursued higher education in both countries. For these women, re-entering university in South Korea was not only a proactive choice but also a reaction against their irreversible educational experiences in North Korea. It served as a defensive strategy against the structures of discrimination they encountered in South Korean society and provided a period of deferred assimilation, allowing them to adopt an identity as ‘learners’ in pursuit of their academic aspirations. Although they had successfully escaped the visible oppression of the North Korean regime, they found themselves in a new, invisible but equally powerful structure under the principles of capitalism, where they felt the need to continuously prove and equip themselves. In this context, returning to university was a deliberate choice to integrate into South Korean society, fully aware of and accepting the social emphasis on educational attainment and credentials. Through this process, they sought to secure the qualifications necessary for social acceptance and recognition in their new country.

Exploring the interplay of language mindsets, self-efficacy, engagement, and perceived proficiency in L2 learning

Language mindsets, which are beliefs about personal qualities relevant to language learning and perceived as either fixed or malleable, have become a focus in understanding their roles in shaping language learning processes. Several studies show how they are related to language learning, along with important variables such as self-efficacy. Although research on language mindsets is growing, most studies have focused on their isolated effects, leaving a critical gap in understanding how these mindsets interact with other significant factors to influence language learning in a motivational aspect. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the interplay between language mindsets, self-efficacy, engagement, and perceived proficiency (PP)—a construct that reflects an individual’s subjective perception of their language skills and is linked to their motivation to learn. A total of 257 students enrolled in English language courses from three universities in Korea joined the study by responding to questionnaires. The results of the path analysis show that a growth mindset did not predict self-PP; notably, however, it predicted PP with the full mediation of self-efficacy. In addition, the indirect effect of the relationship between self-efficacy, engagement, and proficiency was significant but weak. However, the inclusion of a growth mindset strengthened the indirect effect. Conversely, the link between a fixed mindset and PP showed no significant indirect effect through self-efficacy and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of a growth mindset in initiating the process of language learning and underscore the mediating role of self-efficacy in this context, contributing to the development of more effective and pedagogically informed guidance in L2 classrooms.

Recurrent Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: Risk of Single and Multiple Recurrence.

Background/Objectives: Efforts have been made toward primary or secondary stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) prevention. However, little attention has been paid to recurrent stroke or TIA. This study investigated risk factors for multiple or single recurrent stroke or TIA. Methods: Data from 3646 patients with ischemic stroke or TIA were obtained from the Korea University Ansan Hospital Stroke Center between March 2014 and December 2021, using the prospective institutional database of the Korea University Stroke Registry. The associations between clinical features and recurrent stroke or TIA were assessed using bivariable and multivariable Cox models. Results: Recurrent stroke or TIA was associated with male sex (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-2.80), hypertension (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.00-2.23), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13-2.13), an etiologic subtype of transient ischemic attack (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.09-3.16), white matter changes (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.05-2.38), and cerebral microbleeds (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.26-2.59). Multiple recurrent stroke or TIA was associated with male sex (HR 3.86, 95% CI 1.94-11.55), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.31-4.53), and anemia (HR 4,58, 95% CI 2.31-10.44). Conclusions: Given the risk factor profiles for recurrent stroke or TIA, risks differed among patient subgroups and were based on multiple or single recurrences. It may exert an effect as a prognostic indicator in the high risk of recurrences.

대학생의 정서지능이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향: 사회적지지와 진로적응력의 직렬매개효과

Objectives The objective of this research is to identify the mediating effects of college students’ emotional intelligence on how well they adjust to college life, with social support and career adaptability acting as media, by focusing on emotional intelligence which promotes adjustment to college life. Methods To this end, a survey was conducted with 502 male and female college students from four-year universities in South Korea. After excluding careless responding, a final sample of 473 was used for model analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27 and Process Macro Model 6. Results First, it was found that emotional intelligence and career adaptability of college students directly influence their adaptation to college life, whereas social support was not found to have a significant impact on college adaptation. Second, emotional intelligence of college students indirectly affects adaptation to college life through career adaptability, and emotional intelligence was found not to influence college adaptation through social support. Furthermore, the sequential mediating effects of college students’ emotional intelligence on adaptation to college life through social support and career adaptability were confirmed. Conclusions This study empirically validated the research question that emotional intelligence not only directly influences social support, career adaptability, and adaptation to college life significantly but also indirectly affects adaptation to college life through sequential mediation of social support and career adaptability. This underscores the importance of considering the role and contribution of emotional intelligence in adaptation to college life.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts long-term adverse outcomes in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective cohort study.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (CHR) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its predictive value for long-term adverse outcomes in patients with CAD following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unexplored and is the subject of this study. Patients with CAD who underwent PCI at the Korea University Guro Hospital-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (KUGH-PCI) Registry since 2004 were included. Patients were categorized into tertiles according to their CHR. The end points were all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiac mortality (CM) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and sensitivity analyses were performed. A total of 3260 patients were included and divided into Group 1 (CHR <0.830, N = 1089), Group 2 (CHR = 0.830-3.782, N = 1085) and Group 3 (CHR >3.782, N = 1086). Higher CHR tertiles were associated with progressively greater risks of ACM, CM and MACEs (log-rank, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression showed that patients in the highest tertile had greater risks of ACM (HR: 2.127 [1.452-3.117]), CM (HR: 3.575 [1.938-6.593]) and MACEs (HR: 1.337 [1.089-1.641]) than those in the lowest tertile. RCS analyses did not reveal a significant non-linear relationship between CHR and ACM, CM or MACEs. The significant associations remained significant in the sensitivity analyses, RCS analyses with or without extreme values, subgroup analyses and multiple imputations for missing data. Elevated CHR is a novel, independent risk factor for long-term ACM, CM and MACEs in CAD patients following PCI.

Exploring the long-term variations and high concentration episodes of peroxyacetyl nitrate in Megacity Seoul

Over the past few years, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has drawn significant attention as a key indicator of photochemical pollution owing to its intimate relationship with ozone and associated health effects. This study presents measurements conducted at the Korea University campus in Seoul during the high-ozone seasons from 2018 to 2021. PAN concentration was measured using fast gas chromatography with luminol chemiluminescence detection (GC-LCD), alongside measurements of O3, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO, NO2, and meteorological variables, including boundary layer height (BLH).The mean concentrations of PAN and O3 over the years were 0.56 ppbv and 35 ppbv in 2018, 1.29 ppbv and 58 ppbv in 2019, 0.21 ppbv and 50 ppbv 2020, and 0.53 ppbv and 46 ppbv in 2021, respectively. The annual variation observed in Seoul is consistent with trends seen in major cities worldwide during the COVID19 pandemic, reflecting a substantial reduction in urban emissions. Notably, the mean concentration of NOx and VOCs decreased significantly by more than 50 % and 25%, respectively, from 2019 to 2021.At temperatures above 30 °C, PAN decomposition was accelerated, decoupling a consistent positive relationship between PAN and O3 in 2020 and 2021. The results of a 0-D photochemical model (F0AM) calculation demonstrated that PAN formation primarily stems from anthropogenic VOCs, particularly > C2 alkenes. Elevated PAN concentrations during nighttime were attributed to boundary layer expansion and upper-air entrainment. Instances where PAN concentrations surged to at least 3 ppbv or higher in 2019 were attributed to biomass burning impacted air, as evidenced by concurrent elevations in K+ and OC in PM2.5, and O3.This study underscores the complex interplay of factors influencing PAN and ozone enhancements under decreased precursor levels, with an emphasis on dynamic change in the boundary layer, and long-distance transport of non-fossil sources during agricultural burning seasons.

Clinical Characteristics and Underlying Pathophysiology in 4 Subtypes of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Patients

Objective: To analyze different subtypes, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiologies of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) based on orbital fat and extraocular muscle (EOM) volume increases on orbital CT images. Methods: The author retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients (152 eyes) who were diagnosed with DON and treated at Anam, Guro, or Ansan hospitals of the Korea University College of Medicine from February 2006 to December 2023. Clinical features, ophthalmic examination, demographic characteristics, thyroid status, and radiographic findings from computed tomography scans (prevalence of fat or muscle volume increases) were analyzed. Results: Four groups were designated based on EOM volume (MV) and orbital fat volume (FV). Group 1 had no increase in MV or FV (5.3%, 8 eyes), group 2 had increased FV only (8.66%, 13 eyes), group 3 had an increase in MV only (52.6%, 80 eyes), while group 4 had both MV and FV increase (33.6%, 51 eyes). Patients in group 1 were younger and had low diplopia scores than patients in the other groups. Decreases in visual acuity, color vision abnormalities, diplopia score, and apical crowding were less frequent in groups 1 and 2 than groups 3 and 4 (P=0.000). Patients in groups 3 and 4 had significantly more apical crowding and higher diplopia scores and CAS scores than patients in groups 1 and 2 (P=0.000 and 0.013, respectively). The number of patients who underwent decompression surgery was significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than groups 1 and 2 (P=0.000). Conclusion: Extraocular muscle enlargement occurred in 86% of DON patients and compression of the optic nerve due to enlargement of EOMs at the orbital apex is the main cause of DON. Optic nerve stretch and vascular insufficiency due to increased orbital pressure are other potential mechanisms underlying DON in groups without an increase in FV or MV. Although decreased visual acuity, color vision abnormalities, and diplopia were less frequent in these groups, greater attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis of DON.

Development and implementation of the Capstone Program on integrating career exploration and medical humanities at a medical school in Korea.

This study aimed to implement and evaluate the outcomes, perceptions, and satisfaction of the Capstone Program developed at the Catholic University of Korea, which integrates career exploration and medical humanities. This study was conducted with fourth-year medical students from 2017 to 2019. First, the study analyzed the trends in the results of Capstone Projects conducted by students as part of their career exploration, where they independently explored areas of interest and selected topics. Second, it qualitatively analyzed the content of individual reports in which students reflected on their experiences from a "medical humanities perspective" through the Capstone Program. Third, it examined students' perceptions and satisfaction with the Capstone Program. The analysis revealed that students chose research topics from a wide range of fields, including basic medicine, clinical medicine, global healthcare, and integrated healthcare systems and innovation. The students reported positive perceptions of their career exploration and research experiences through the Capstone Program, particularly valuing sessions like "Meetings with Seniors" within the conference framework. Students indicated that the Capstone Program enhanced their ability to think introspectively from a humanities perspective, deepening their understanding of their roles and responsibilities as medical professionals. The Capstone Program provides a significant opportunity for medical students to explore their career paths and engage in introspective reflection from the viewpoint of medical humanities and social sciences. Thus, the integration of programs like capstone into the broader medical curriculum, focusing on career guidance and the reinforcement of medical humanities education, is imperative.

Effective utilization of polypectomy in endoscopic salvage treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective cohort study.

Current guidelines recommend endoscopic resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) under 10 mm. Incomplete resections necessitate salvage procedures, highlighting the need for complete R0 resection. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of wide hot snare polypectomy (WHSP) compared to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the salvage treatment of small RNETs. This retrospective study was conducted at Korea University Guro Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. It compared the outcomes of salvage resections for RNETs ≤10 mm using 2 approaches: ESD and EMR vs. WHSP. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcomes were compared. Efficacy was evaluated by the histological complete resection rate and procedure time, while safety was assessed by the incidence of complications. Out of 135 patients undergoing salvage resection for RNET, 14 who underwent transanal excision were excluded. Of the remaining 121, 99 underwent EMR or ESD, and 22 underwent WHSP. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The WHSP group demonstrated a significantly higher R0 resection rate (72.7% vs. 49.5%, P = 0.010) and a shorter median procedure time (3.5 minutes vs. 8.3 minutes). No complications were reported in the WHSP group. WHSP is a rapid, straightforward, safe, and effective approach for the salvage treatment of RNETs less than 10 mm in diameter, particularly in patients without additional risk factors.

중국인 학습자를 위한 한·중 속담 비교 고찰

This study set out to compare and examine Korean and Chinese proverbs in both form and meaning by focusing on the proverbs published in five Korean textbooks by five universities in South Korea. The study first examined the objective and need for comparative research on Korean and Chinese proverbs and reviewed previous studies. Then, it examined the current state of proverbs in five, published Korean textbooks by universities in South Korea and the forms, meanings of the proverbs. After dividing the proverbs into four types according to their forms and meanings: same character &amp; same meaning, different character &amp; same meaning, same character &amp; different meaning, and uniqueness to Korean culture, Chinese proverbs corresponding to Korean proverbs were presented. And by comparing and analyzing the specific meanings of Korean and Chinese proverbs, for example, proverbs by type. the researcher compared and analyzed Korean and Chinese proverbs and found that there were similar and considerable differences between them. Finally, The conclusion was presented and concluded. This study demonstrated the similar and different features between Korean and Chinese proverbs through comparison and analysis efforts, hoping to provide useful materials for Chinese learners to acquire and utilize proverbs.

Outdoor Learning Methods on the Ability to Write Free Poetry in Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Malay-Indonesian Study Program Students South Korea

This study aims to determine the effect of using outdoor learning methods on the ability to write free poetry in Audio Visual A1 and A2 classes of Malay-Indonesian. The method used is an experimental method of the Quasi Experimental type using two classes, namely the experimental class of 37 students which given treatment in the form of outdoor learning methods and a control class of 35 students which was not given treatment as a comparison class. The data collection technique used a poetry writing essay test and a questionnaire to find out students' responses to the outdoor learning method. Based on the results of hypothesis testing data analysis using the t test at a significant level of 0.05, a T count of 2.592 and a T table of 1.997 are obtained. Because T count is greater than T table, namely 2.592 &gt; 1.997. It can be concluded that accept H1, reject H0, thus it can be said that there is an influence on the use of outdoor learning methods. Based on the results of hypothesis testing data analysis using the t test at a significant level of 0.05, a T count of 2.592 and a T table of 1.997 are obtained. Because T count is greater than T table, namely 2.592 &gt; 1.997. It can be concluded that accept H1, reject H0, thus it can be said that there is an influence on the use of outdoor learning methods.the ability to write free poetry for students of the Malay-Indonesian study program Hankuk University of Foreign Studies South Korea.

비대면 언어 교환을 활용한 한국어 학습 사례 연구

This study aimed to enhance the teaching and learning of the Korean language by analyzing an actual case of learning Korean through online language exchange. Most previous research on language exchange has involved participants meeting and engaging in activities face-to-face. However, this study implemented an online video language exchange program as an out-of-class activity for students at A University in the U.S. and B University in Korea. It was conducted six times during the fall semester of 2023. A post-activity survey and informal interviews with participating students confirmed that the language exchange improved learners’ Korean speaking skills and cultural comprehension. This study is meaningful as it introduces an online language exchange activity where college students from the U.S. and Korea cooperatively studied virtually, overcoming geographical barriers, and providing practical case examples. The study results are expected to develop various learning strategies and improve teaching modules for learning Korean in the era of technological advancement.