Korea Employment Information Service Research Articles

대졸 청년층의 정부고용정책 참여 여부에 따른 노동시장 성과분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the labor market according to whether col-lege graduates participate in government employment policies. In this study, the government's employment poli-cy is Korea’s Training Credit Programs and the Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. The labor market performance consisted of employment status, employment type, job size, wages, and job satisfaction through a review of pre-vious studies.
 Methods The population of the study is college graduates between the ages of 26 and 34. However, since there is a limit to conducting research on the entire population, this study utilized 2019GOMS among the data of the College Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) provided by the Korea Employment Information Service. Excluding missing values, the final targets were 948 people with the Korea’s Training Credit Programs and 964 people with Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. For data analysis, logistic regression analysis and least squares regression analysis, including propensity score matching, were conducted using the Stata 17.0 program. At this time, individual characteristic factors(gender, age), employment activity factors(linguistic training, certificate), and school characteristic factors(university type, university location, major) were dummized and put into control variables.
 Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that neither policy(Korea’s Training Credit Programs, Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy) had a positive effect on labor market performance according to participation.
 Conclusions Therefore, in this paper, I would like to review the results of the government's employment policy that did not have a positive effect on labor market performance, and to identify and present the causes. This is ex-pected to play an important role in future employment policy operation and research.

Developing an advanced prediction model for new employee turnover intention utilizing machine learning techniques

In recent years, the turnover phenomenon of new college graduates has been intensifying. The turnover of new employees creates many difficulties for businesses as it is difficult to recover the costs spent on their hiring and training. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly identify and effectively manage new employees who are inclined to change jobs. So far previous studies related to turnover intention have contributed to understanding the turnover phenomenon of new employees by identifying factors influencing turnover intention. However, with these factors, there is a limitation that it has not been able to present how much it is possible to predict employees who are actually willing to change jobs. Therefore, this study proposes a method of developing a machine learning-based turnover intention prediction model to overcome the limitations of previous studies. In this study, data from the Korea Employment Information Service's Job Movement Path Survey for college graduates were used, and OLS regression analysis was performed to confirm the influence of predictors. And model learning and classification were performed using a logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) classifier. A novel finding of this research is the diminished or reversed influence of certain traditional factors, such as workload importance and the relevance of one's major field, on turnover intention. Instead, job security emerged as the most significant predictor. The model's accuracy rates, highest with XGB at 78.5%, demonstrate the efficacy of applying machine learning in turnover intention prediction, marking a significant advancement over traditional econometric models. This study breaks new ground by integrating advanced predictive analytics into turnover intention research, offering a more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the turnover intentions of new college graduates. The insights gained could guide organizations in effectively managing and retaining new talent, highlighting the need for a focus on job security and organizational satisfaction, and the shifting relevance of traditional factors like job preference.

전문대학 졸업자의 첫 직장 취업성과에 대한 영향요인 분석

By analyzing the factors affecting employment outcomes of junior college graduates, this research aimed to provide the basic data needed at a university level to enhance employment outcomes of college graduates. Accordingly, the data of junior college graduates were extracted from the 2020 Graduate Occupation Mobility Survey (GOMS) data of the Korea Employment Information Service. Both objective (i.e., employment status, salary) and subjective (i.e., job satisfaction, work satisfaction, work-education level concordance, necessary skills and retained skills concordance) employment outcomes were analyzed in this study.
 First, age, major field, job experience programs, interviews/creating a resume, and employment camp experience had a statistically significant effect on employment status. In terms of wages, gender, age, university location, major field, and job experience programs had a significant impact. Second, regarding job satisfaction, major field, career counseling and support system satisfaction, and major curriculum and content satisfaction had a significant effect. Third, regarding work satisfaction, grades, university location, teaching method and quality satisfaction, and job camp experience showed a significant effect. Finally, regarding work-education level concordance level, grades, major field, overall school satisfaction, and job experience programs had a statistically important effect, and regarding necessary skills-retained skills concordance level, grades, university location, major field, career counseling and support system satisfaction, overall school satisfaction, and job experience programs had a significant impact.
 The findings suggest that the efforts at the institution level should made to develop a career and employment education roadmap and strategies tailored for each field and major, provide diverse voluntary job preparation opportunities, and expand and strengthen major curriculum based on field-centered curriculum.

대졸 초기경력자의 직장적응 변화에 대한 종단적 분석

Objectives This study aims to identify work adjustment among early-career MZ generation college graduates, explore latent classes with distinct work adjustment changes, verify influencing factors, and examine tenure and stress differences based on these classes.
 Methods For this purpose, 9th to 14th wave of the Korea Employment Information Service’s Youth Panel 2007 were utilized to conduct analyses on the latent growth model and growth mixture model of work adjustment for early-career college graduates.
 Results Firstly, when examining the averages of work adjustment of early-career college graduates at three time points, the level of work adjustment followed a linear latent growth model. There were individual differences at the initial stage, confirming the presence of heterogeneity within the change trajectory. Secondly, work adjustment was classified into three latent classes: the “Low-Increasing” group (2.5%), the “High-Decreasing” group (12.7%), and the “Mid-Level Sustaining” group (84.8%). Thirdly, factors predicting the latent classes included congruence between job details and skill level, participation in vocational education programs, and the number of job search experiences. Lastly, there were differences in stress levels among the work adjustment groups of early-career college graduates. The “Low-Increasing” group had lower stress levels compared to the “High-Decreasing” group, and the “Mid-Level Sustaining” group exhibited lower stress levels than the “High-Decreasing” group.
 Conclusions The results of this study confirmed the existence of different patterns of work adjustment changes among early-career college graduates of the MZ generation and identified implications for vocational education and organizational onboarding strategies for each group.

잠재계층분석을 활용한 청년고용정책의 방향성 탐색 - 청년 니트(NEET)를 중심으로 -

Due to the need for a customized approach to NEET, in this study we aim to explore the future direction for youth employment policy by utilizing latent class analysis focusing on NEET. In this study we used the 2016GoMS(Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey) data provided by the Korea Employment Information Service. The latent class type of economically inactive youth NEET was derived using latent class analysis, and the demographic and sociological characteristics of the type were examined using logistic regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows.
 First, as a result of deriving the potential class types of NEET using latent class analysis (LCA), there were a total of three types: job preparation (12.1%), career deficiency (28.5%), and opportunity-seeking (60.4%). Second, as a result of examining the characteristics of each type of potential class based on gender, age, and school type using logistic regression, there were no statistically significant results.
 In conclusion, given the unique landscape of Korea, characterized by a high proportionof highly educated NEET as well as the types of economically inactive youth NEET derived from this study, it is necessary to have a policy to guarantee a higher quality of life by connecting one's job and daily life.

A study on improving turnover intention forecasting by solving imbalanced data problems: focusing on SMOTE and generative adversarial networks

This study aims to improve the accuracy of forecasting the turnover intention of new college graduates by solving the imbalance data problem. For this purpose, data from the Korea Employment Information Service's Job Mobility Survey (Graduates Occupations Mobility Survey: GOMS) for college graduates were used. This data includes various items such as turnover intention, personal characteristics, and job characteristics of new college graduates, and the class ratio of turnover intention is imbalanced. For solving the imbalance data problem, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) were used to balance class variables to examine the improvement of turnover intention prediction accuracy. After deriving the factors affecting the turnover intention by referring to previous studies, a turnover intention prediction model was constructed, and the model's prediction accuracy was analyzed by reflecting each data. As a result of the analysis, the highest predictive accuracy was found in class balanced data through generative adversarial networks rather than class imbalanced original data and class balanced data through SMOTE. The academic implication of this study is that first, the diversity of data sampling methods was presented by expanding and applying GAN, which are widely used in unstructured data sampling fields such as images and images, to structured data in business administration fields such as this study. Second, two refining processes were performed on data generated using generative adversarial networks to suggest a method for refining only data corresponding to a more minority class. The practical implication of this study is that it suggested a plan to predict the turnover intention of new college graduates early through the establishment of a predictive model using public data and machine learning.

청년 니트(NEET)의 취업스트레스와 구직효능감의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과

Objectives This study examined the structural relationship of interaction between job-seeking stress and job- seeking efficacy to identify the psychological factors that can motivate youth NEETs for their job-seeking activities. In this study, we tried to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between job-seeking stress and job-seeking efficacy among youth NEETs, and to confirm whether there is a difference in the influence between variables according to age. Methods The 14th Youth Panel survey data in 2020 from Korea Employment Information Service(KEIS) was used. Among them, data of 491 people classified as youth NEETs were used. The relationship between employment stress, job search efficacy, and self-esteem was confirmed through a structural equation model, and multigroup analysis was conducted according to age. Results It was confirmed that there was a complete mediating effect of job-seeking stress affecting job-seeking efficacy through self-esteem, and there were significant differences in the path by age group. These results suggest that if youth NEETs have high self-esteem in job-seeking stress situations, they can show positive beliefs about themselves in finding a suitable job for them. Through this result, it can be confirmed that the focus on enhancing self-esteem rather than directly dealing with NEET's job-seeking stress when providing job counseling and support for young NEETs can increase job-seeking effectiveness. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, psychological support and systemic improvements for youth NEET were discussed, and suggestions for future research were presented.

잠재성장모형을 활용한 대학생의 스트레스가 진로미결정에 미치는 종단적 영향관계 분석

This study examined the longitudinal effects of college students' stress on their career indecision using data from the 12th (2018), 13th (2019), and 14th (2020) rounds of the ｢Youth Panel Survey｣ conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. A latent growth model analysis was conducted for the relationship. As a result of the study, first, the 12th, 13th, and 14th data of college students' stress and career indecision showed a tendency to gradually increase over time. Second, the initial value of stress had a significant positive effect on the initial value of career indecision. Third, the initial value of stress was not statistically significant in the change rate of career indecision. Fourth, the change rate of stress had a significant positive effect on the change rate of career indecision. Through this study, the longitudinal changes in college student stress and career indecision and the longitudinal effect of stress on career indecision were confirmed.

수도권 외 대학졸업자의 취업 전 특성에 대한 잠재계층분석 및 일자리만족도와의 관련성 연구

The problem of youth employment related to the crisis of universities outside the metropolitan area and job satisfaction of university graduates outside the metropolitan area is emerging. In college, it is necessary to find ways to increase satisfaction with jobs after graduation as well as simple employment. Accordingly, this study derived the latent class according to the characteristics before employment and analyzed the difference in job satisfaction level by latent class. The analysis specifically examined the factors affecting the classification of latent classes. This study was conducted with 6,795 university students from outside the Seoul metropolitan area, using the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) data of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Employment Information Service in 2019. The results of the latent class analysis are as follows: First, the number of latent classes according to the characteristics before employment was 6. Second, as a result of examining whether there is a difference in demographic and occupational characteristics by each group according to the characteristics before employment, there was a significant difference in gender, current full-time job status, age, income, and job satisfaction. Third, as a result of examining factors affecting the latent class according to the characteristics before employment of college graduates, when the first group was the reference group, the job satisfaction was high in the order of 5 group, 2 group, 4 group, 3 group, 6 group and 1 group. This study is important in that it analyzed the factors affecting the job satisfaction and the characteristics of the college graduates outside the metropolitan area at the same time. In addition, it is meaningful in that it reflects the individual difference of pre-employment characteristics in the analysis methodologically.

GSCA-SEM을 활용한 스트레스, 자기효능감, 자아존중감이 대학생의 진로성숙에 미치는 영향관계 분석

The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between stress, self-efficacy, and self-esteem and the mediating effect of self-esteem on career maturity in university students. 1,365 university students in the 14th(2020) of the ｢Youth Panel｣ conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service were selected as research subjects. The data of this study were analyzed through a structural equation model using SPSS 26.0 and GSCA Pro 1.1.8. First, university students' stress had a negative effect on self-esteem, but had no significant effect on career maturity. Second, self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on self- esteem and career maturity. Third, stress had a negative effect on career maturity with self-esteem as a fully mediating effect. Self-efficacy had a positive effect on career maturity with self-esteem as a partial mediating effect. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of a career support model to promote and strengthen the career maturity of university students.

구직자의 취업스펙이 실제취업에 미치는 영향에 대한 탐색적 연구

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine how job seekers’ spec influence their actual employment especially focusing on the differentiating effects of applicants’ specs depending on whether general or decent job employment.
 Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted analyses on 54,443 samples that incorporated data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey for three years (2017-2019) collected by the Korea Employment Information Service. The linear probability model and logit model were used to examine the research questions.
 Findings - The results analyzed with the hierarchical regression model showed that most job seekers’ specs were statistically significant in predicting employment status. Interestingly, there is a difference between the factors predicting employment for a general job and a decent job. This study suggests academic and practical implications for future research in the selection/ recruitment field by clarifying the critical factors to influence applicants’ employment.
 Research implications or Originality The results of this study follow the screening hypothesis which explains that the applicants’ specs have significant impacts on actual employment. Also, the dual labor market theory, which explains that applicants’ specs differently affect actual employment between general and decent jobs, was reaffirmed.

전공만족도를 매개로 개인 및 대학재정변인이 대학생활 만족도에 미치는 영향

This study analyzed the effects of personal and university financial variables on college life satisfaction through major satisfaction as a medium. The subjects of this study were 9,453 university students from universities, and data from the 2019 vocational migration path survey (2018GOMS) of college graduates surveyed by the Korea Employment Information Service was used. Analysis variables are independent variables, including individual characteristics admission screening, employment goal setting, same major selection when reselecting major, university finances (the cost of education per student, university scholarship per student, the cost of study material per student), and major satisfaction as mediator variables and college life satisfaction was selected as dependent variable. The analysis results of this study are as follows.
 First, the mediating variable, major satisfaction, has a positive effect on the dependent variable, college life satisfaction. It was analyzed that the higher the major satisfaction level, the higher the college life satisfaction. The effect of major satisfaction on college life satisfaction was found to have the greatest influence compared to other variables.
 Second, individual characteristics have a positive effect on college life satisfaction through major satisfaction. Specifically, college students who set employment goals and want to reselect the same major have a positive effect on college life satisfaction only through major satisfaction, which is a mediating variable. Among the individual characteristics, it was analyzed that the students who entered through the comprehensive student record screening and subject screening had a more positive effect on major satisfaction and college life satisfaction than the students who entered by Scholastic Ability Test(SAT).
 Third, the cost of education per student and the cost of study material per student among university finances have a positive effect on university life satisfaction through major satisfaction as a medium. It was analyzed that the higher the cost of education per student and the cost of study material per student, the higher the major satisfaction as a mediator and college life satisfaction as a dependent variable.
 Fourth, it was analyzed that university scholarship per student did not affect major satisfaction, which is a mediating variable, and had a direct negative effect on college life satisfaction. In other words, the results of the study showed that the higher the university scholarship per student, the lower the college life satisfaction. Based on the results of this study, the effects of individual and university financial characteristics on university life satisfaction were discussed and conclusions were presented through major satisfaction as a medium.

학자금대출이 주거 행동에 미치는 영향 분석

This study examines how student loans affect housing behaviors of millennials. Using the 2014-2020 Youth Panel data provided by the Korea Employment Information Service, regression analysis reveals that the experience of student loans and the loan amount itself do not have significant effects on independence from parents, but loan repayment burden and delay seem to have negative effects on independence from parents. As the amount of student loans increases, millennials tend to choose cheonsei and monthly rent, instead of homeownership when they leave from their parents. This trend was more pronounced when experiencing the burden of loan repayment. Also, as the amount of student loans increases, millennials tend to choose row houses, villas, and multi-family homes, instead of single family housing or apartment. This trend was more evident when experiencing the burden of repaying loans. In conclusion, it was found that millennials have difficulties in leaving from their parents and achieving homeownership when experiencing the financial burden for student loans. This study presents policy implications for the housing issue of millennials.

Influence of Support for Career Development Intelligence Building for College Graduates on their Job Performance: The Case of South Korea.

This study conducted to identify the influence of support for career development intelligence building for college graduates, who are early career employees, and to prove the mediating effect of learning transfer and self-esteem. An analysis was conducted using the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey panel data from the Korea Employment Information Service. The data analysis was conducted using the SPSS21.0, AMOS22.0, and PROCESS macro programs. The findings are as follows. The influence of support for career development intelligence building on learning transfer is significantly positive, as is the influence of learning transfer on self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem had a significantly positive influence on job performance. However, the relationship between learning transfer and job performance was negative, and the relationship between support for career development intelligence building and self-esteem was insignificant. Lastly, the PROCESS macro analysis showed a mediating effect of learning transfer and self-esteem between support for career development intelligence building and job performance. Thus, it is suggested that support for career development intelligence building for early career employees should precede the development of specific programs to increase their self-esteem and enhance their job performance.

사범계열 졸업자의 대학생활 및 노동시장 성과 변화

Objectives The study purposed to analyze the changes in university life and labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates. Methods Among the data of the Korea Employment Information Service's The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, 728 graduates of 2019 GOMS and 552 graduates of 2009 GOMS 10 years ago were used, changes in university life, labor market performance, and factor influencing labor market performance were analyzed using frequency analysis, desciptive statistics, and hierarchical regression analysis methods. Results First, as a result of analyzing the change in university life of secondary teacher education graduates, the proportion of university and major selection due to external motivation rather than internal motivation increased slightly, the proportion of job preparation such as career selection and job preparation program participation, and vocational education and training increased, the proportion of experience in the teacher employment examination decreased but the proportion of 9th grade civil service examination increased. Second, as a result of analyzing the change in labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates, the proportion of economic activity decreased, the proportion of job achievement planned as a job goal while attending school decreased, and the proportion of entering a school teacher also decreased slightly. Third, as a result of analyzing the changes in labor market performance influencing factors of secondary teacher education graduates, the variables that had a positive effect on both job satisfaction and major congruence were curriculum satisfaction and vocational education and training experience. Conclusions It is meaningful that basic data were provided by analyzing the changes in university life and labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates, and it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies in university life and labor market performance for secondary teacher education students and graduates.

과학고 졸업생의 대학 전공과 대학 졸업 후 진로 분석

This study analyzed science high school graduates’ college major and career choice after college graduation using five waves of Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey of Korea Employment Information Service. The findings indicated that 92 percent of 510 science high school graduates chose engineering and natural science major in college, whereas about 3 percent of them chose medical or pharmaceutical school. After college graduation, about 60 percent of science high school graduates entered a graduate school majoring in engineering and natural science, while 45 percent of the comparison group did. This finding confirms science high school graduates are more likely to become advanced engineers and scientists than graduates from general high school. Also, the proportion of science high school graduates who re-entered medical school or entered medical professional school at graduate level was higher than the comparison group. Therefore, about 13 percent of science high school graduates made a career choice in the medical or pharmaceutical field. Finally, we divided science high school graduates’ career choices after college graduation into four categories: engineering or natural science graduate school, medical/pharmaceutical school, other graduate school, and no graduate school, and compared characteristics of each groups, based on which we suggested implications.

Antecedents of Subjective Health among Korean Senior Citizens Using Archival Data.

This study aimed to investigate the determinants of subjective health among South Korean senior citizens. Secondary data for the year 2018 was used from the Senior Citizen Research Panel data collected by the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 3822 valid observations were analyzed. The dependent variable was subjective health, and the independent variables were religion participation, social gathering participation, economic activity, food expenditure, leisure expenditure, travel frequency, and art watching frequency. Descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, and independent t-test were carried out for data analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed using assets, age, and gender as control variables to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that all the proposed attributes have a significant positive impact on the subjective health of Korean senior citizens, with implications for policy making.

학제에 따른 조리전공 대학졸업생의 개인배경, 대학생활, 취업준비활동 요인이 취업 여부에 미치는 영향

This study is to identify the factors that determine if college graduates majored in culinary arts will be employed. To achieve this purpose, this study used the survey data of 350 culinary arts-related graduates who participated in the GOMS conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service for the past three years. The analysis results are summarized as follows: First, personal background factors such as gender, age, health status, and parental educational background of graduates did not affect their employment status regardless of their school system. Second, in the case of 2-3 year college graduates, the grades, major satisfaction, number of job experiences, and status of acquiring licenses had a positive effect on their employment status. However, the status of job experience and experience of job-seeking activities had a negative effect on their employment status. Third, in the case of 4-year university graduates, the grades and status of acquiring licenses had a positive effect on their employment status. On the other hand, the experience of job-seeking activities, training experience, and the number of certificates obtained had a negative effect on their employment status. Therefore, guiding employment for graduates at the university should provide individualized employment approach depending on their school system, college life, and employment preparation activities.

학교-직장 이행기 청년의 부정적 자기개념, 진로자기효능감, 직업가치관의 종단적 관계

Objectives This study conducted analysis to examine longitudinal relationships among the negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods that affect job decisions and choices. Methods For this, an autoregressive cross-lagged model was utilized on data from the 8th (2014) to 12th (2018) Youth Panels of the Korea Employment Information Service, which provides representative statistics on the youth labor market and school life. Results The main results were as follows. First, negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values during the college period stably predicted those in the future during the working period and previous early working periods stably predicted working periods after two years. The autoregressive parameters of negative self-concepts and career self-efficacy appeared lower than those of occupational values, showing that the variability of negative self-concepts or career self-efficacy can be more dynamic than that of occupational values. Second, higher occupational values of previous points in time led to higher career self-efficacy and less negative self-concepts at later points in time, verifying that occupational values are an extremely important factor in the lives of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods. Conclusions Based on these research results, verifications were made that education on occupational values must be conducted at sites of career education and further, this provided implications regarding the importance of career education program management, the roles of universities, and counseling intervention.

부산 지역 특성을 고려한 대학생의 진로장벽, 자아존중감, 자기효능감 및 진로준비 행동의 구조적 관계 모델 연구

The purpose of this study is to find the structural relationships among career barrier, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and career preparation behavior with the feature of Busan regional college students. For investigating this topic, 1,543 college students were selected from the 13<SUP>th</SUP> of YP(Youth Panel) of Korea Employment Information Service. In order to find out the structural relationships among career barrier, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and career preparation behavior with variables, structural equation modeling was used. Followings were the results of the research: (a) Career barrier effected significantly on the self-esteem, whereas self-efficacy was not statistically significant. (b) Self-esteem effected significantly on the self-efficacy, whereas career preparation behavior was not statistically significant. (c) Self-efficacy effected significantly on the career preparation behavior. (d) Busan regional feature effected significantly on the career barrier, and female was higher than male in self-efficacy. Based on the results of this study, implications were discussed and some recommendations were suggested.