Korea-China FTA Negotiations Research Articles

Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers’ fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5∼3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0∼10.0 ha and in large scales of 30∼700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100∼130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0∼5.2, soil EC was 0.93∼3.78 dS m -1 , organic matter was 37∼35 g kg -1 , nitrate nitrogen 63∼490 mg kg -1 , available P2O5 55∼163 mg kg-1, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30∼0.98, Ca was 6.5∼14.0, Mg was 1.1∼5.3 cmolc kg -1 in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10∼11 t of compost, 200∼400 kg ha - 1 of complex fertilizer and 750 kg ha -1 of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

Legal Issues of Korea-China FTA negotiation -Focusing on Transparency, Implementation, and Dispute Settlement Mechanism-

Legal Issues of Korea-China FTA negotiation -Focusing on Transparency, Implementation, and Dispute Settlement Mechanism-

A Study on the Korea-China FTA Service Negotiation Strategies: Focused on the Implications from China-Hong Kong Cepa Service Concessions

This study analyzes China’s service concessions under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), as well as the service concessions included in the FTAs that China has signed so far, including the CEPA with Hong Kong. The objective is to determine the extent to which the Chinese service sector is opened and to derive implications for the Korea-China FTA negotiations over services. 1. China-Hong Kong CEPA and Korea-China FTA2. Negotiation Process and Features of the China-Hong Kong CEPAA. Annual Supplementary AgreementsB. Guangdong as the Pilot Basis for the CEPAC. Comparing the CEPA to the ECFA3. China’s Service Concessions in the CEPA4. Implications of the CEPA for the Korea-China FTA A. Examples of Designing Service con-cessions from China-Hong Kong CEPAB. Strategic Suggestions for the Korea-China FTA Service NegotiationC. Possible Service Sectors to be Opened in the Korea-China FTA

China's Nonferrous Metals Industry and Implications for Korea-China FTA Negotiations

Korea and China have promoted a bilateral FTA since 2005 to upgrade their economic relationships. If the Korea-China FTA is concluded, then trade between the two countries is likely to involve substantial changes both quantitatively and qualitatively. Offer lists submitted by Korea include steel, petrochemicals and machinery and those by China include some agricultural and marine products as well as nonferrous metals. Korea's interest in the Korea-China FTA has focused mainly on damage to the agricultural sector and there have been a lot of studies on the effects of the FTA on Korean agricultural sector. However, little is known about why China includes the nonferrous metals industry for early voluntary liberalization and its implications for the domestic economy. Nonferrous metals industry is one of China’s national strategic sectors and has a large supply excess in the country. This study targets the survey of Chinese nonferrous metals industry and trade structure and considers the problem of nonferrous metals in the context of negotiations for the Korea-China FTA and its implications for a higher-quality Korea-China FTA.

China's Nonferrous Metals Industry and Implications for Korea-China FTA Negotiations

Korea and China have promoted a bilateral FTA since 2005 to upgrade their economic relationships. If the Korea-China FTA is concluded, then trade between the two countries is likely to involve substantial changes both quantitatively and qualitatively. Offer lists submitted by Korea include steel, petrochemicals and machinery and those by China include some agricultural and marine products as well as nonferrous metals. Korea’s interest in the Korea-China FTA has focused mainly on damage to the agricultural sector and there have been a lot of studies on the effects of the FTA on Korean agricultural sector. However, little is known about why China includes the nonferrous metals industry for early voluntary liberalization and its implications for the domestic economy. Nonferrous metals industry is one of China’s national strategic sectors and has a large supply excess in the country. This study targets the survey of Chinese nonferrous metals industry and trade structure and considers the problem of nonferrous metals in the context of negotiations for the Korea-China FTA and its implications for a higher-quality Korea-China FTA.

China-Taiwan ECFA Investment Agreement and Its Implications for the Korea-China FTA Negotiations

Cross-Strait Investment Protection and Promotion (i.e. ECFA Investment Agreement) Was concluded on August 9, 2012, after eight rounds of negotiations. Two countries reached the Economic Cooperation and Framework Agreement (ECFA) earlier in 2010 which has six sub-negotiation areas of trade in goods, trade in services, investments, dispute settlement, industrial cooperation, and maritime customs. The investment deal was struck for the first time among the six areas.

The Tiger Meets the Dragon:The Political Economy of Korea-China FTA

Korea and China are currently at the center of trade talks with the on-going Korea-China FTA negotiations. However, both countries` approach to negotiations is somewhat divergent in that the former chooses comprehensive and deep FTAs including non-traditional issues, while the latter focuses on a limited scope with a gradual and phased approach to negotiations. This paper tries to present five asymmetries that need to be tackled: (1) the internal consensus cultivating process; (2) the pay-off matrix in the time horizon to realize FTA gains; (3) the preferred negotiation approach; (4) the depth and scope of FTA; and (5) the existence of NTBs. The abovementioned asymmetries with the growing bilateral trade pattern between the two countries call for a sensible approach to the FTA negotiations. Based on the SWOT analysis, we find that a serious industrial restructuring especially in politically sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, electronics, and general machinery is inevitable in Korea. Moreover, Korean government should not veer away from its single undertaking strategy as it has been proven effective from its previous FTAs with the US and EU. This strategy allows for a more realistic and practical approach covering goods, services, investments and other complex areas that may be out of the scope of the WTO, thus, resulting in more concessions across areas making big deals possible with the elimination of tariffs and nontariff barriers alike. Nonetheless, opposition from losing sectors should not holdback both governments in pursuing substantial liberalization.

A comparative analysis of TBT chapters in Korea’s and China’s FTAs: Implications for TBT negotiations of the Korea-China FTA

Korea-China FTA negotiations were launched in earnest in May 2012. Elimination of technical barriers to trade (TBT) is one of the key issues in which the South Korean government is interested since technical barriers significantly affect trade between the two countries. Previous studies show that national standards and certification policies may act as TBT. In order to eliminate TBT, the World Trade Organization (WTO) obliges Members to observe the principles of non-discrimination and necessity, international standards, equivalence and mutual recognition, and transparency through the TBT Agreement. This paper derives policy implications for TBT negotiations of the Korea-China FTA from the analysis of Korea`s and China`s FTAs. These include: i) defining de facto mandatory standards as technical regulations; ii) including local government`s and non-government`s measures in the scope of application; iii) stipulating provisions of non-discrimination in the process of certification and accreditation; iv) discussing necessity requirements with respect to specific industries such as IT in the Korea-China FTA negotiations. In addition, it is of importance that the both countries bring to the table such issues as: v) determining and rejecting relevant international standards; vi) possible ways of signing a mutual recognition agreement (MRA); vii) transparency regarding the development and notification of technical regulations and standards.

South Korea-China FTA Negotiation and Its Influence on the Manufactured Goods

South Korea-China FTA Negotiation and Its Influence on the Manufactured Goods

A Two-level Game Theoretic Approach to the Successful Korea-China FTA Negotiations

A Two-level Game Theoretic Approach to the Successful Korea-China FTA Negotiations

Establishing Rules of Origin by Items for Major Industries in the Korea-China FTA Negotiation

Establishing Rules of Origin by Items for Major Industries in the Korea-China FTA Negotiation

An Analysis of the Impact to Korea-China FTA Negotiation from China-Taiwan ECFA

An Analysis of the Impact to Korea-China FTA Negotiation from China-Taiwan ECFA

Legal Issues on E-commerce under Korea-China FTA Negotiation

Legal Issues on E-commerce under Korea-China FTA Negotiation

Implications for the Korea-China FTA's Negotiations of the Rules of Origin in the Korea-U.S. FTA

Implications for the Korea-China FTA's Negotiations of the Rules of Origin in the Korea-U.S. FTA