Koenigii Leaf Extract Research Articles

In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of Murraya koenigii, Aegle marmelos and Laurus nobilis

This study investigates the antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf), Aegle marmelos (bael) and Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) using in vitro assays. The plants have been traditionally used in Indian medicinal systems for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. Aqueous extracts from the leaves of Murraya koenigii, fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos and leaves of Laurus nobilis were prepared. The total phenolic content and total flavanoid content was also determined in these aqueous extracts. They were tested for their ability to scavange free radicals by DPPH assay, ABTS assay and FRAP assay which are elevated during various metabolic disorders. The results suggest that all the three plants exhibited significant antioxidant activities. But strongest antioxidant properties were exhibited by Murraya koenigii leaf extract followed by the pulp of Aegle marmelos and lowest antioxidant activity was exhibited by Laurus nobilis extract, supporting their use in traditional medicine and potential development into therapeutic agents. So, this research suggested that these medicinal plants possess a significant antioxidant potential and are important source of natural antioxidants and can be effectively used in treating oxidative stress disorders. As a result, the study's significant findings demonstrate that it is a step towards evidence-based phytomedicine.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract and its Thrombolytic Activity.

Plants have been used for ages in traditional medicine, and it is exciting to perceive how recent research has recognized the bioactive compounds liable for their beneficial effects. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a hastily emergent research area in nanotechnology. This study describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii leaf extract and its thrombolytic activity. The aim of the study was to determine the clot lysis activity of Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii synthesized silver nanoparticles. Leaves of Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii were collected. Methanolic extraction of the plant sample was done through a Soxhlet extractor. The methanolic extract obtained from both the leaves was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The synthesized NPs from leaf extracts were monitored for analysis, where the typical X-ray diffraction pattern and its diffraction peaks were identified. 3D image of the NPs was analysed by Atomic Force Microscopy. The surface charge of nanoparticles was identified by Zeta potential. The Clot lysis activity of Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii synthesized silver nanoparticles were analysed by the modified Holmstorm method. The thrombolytic property of the methanolic extract of plants Coriandrum sativum showed clot lysis activity at 2.5 mg/mL with 45.99% activity, and Murraya koenigii extract with 66.56% activity. The nanoparticles (Nps) from Coriandrum sativum showed clot lysis activity at 2.5 mg/mL with 58.29% activity, and NPs from Murraya koenigii with 54.04% activity. Coriandrum sativum in GC-MS exhibited 3 peaks, whereas Murraya koenigii extract showed five peaks with notable bioactive compounds. These NPs were further used for biomedical applications after being fixed by an organic encapsulation agent. The present research reveals the usefulness of Coriandrum sativum and Murraya koenigii for the environmentally friendly manufacture of silver nanoparticles.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts Against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Contaminated Water

Aim: Murraya koenigii is a widely used plant both as a potential medicinal agent and also for common cooking purposes. Aim of this present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 
 Study Design: Screening and isolation of pathogenic bacterial strains from contaminated water. Preparation of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts using petroleum ether, acetone and ethyl acetate by using serial extraction method with Soxhlet apparatus.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of microbiology, Agro biotec research centre Ltd, Poovanthuruthu, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between 2014 January to 2014 May.
 Methodology: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the bacterial strains used in this study. Morphological and biochemical analysis of microorganisms were conducted to identify the strains. Leaf extracts (petroleum ether, acetone and ethyl acetate) of Murraya koenigii were screened using MHA disc diffusion methods.
 Results: Various concentration of plant extracts were used to check its activity against isolated pathogens. Acetone extract of curry leaves exhibit maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and petroleum ether extracts shown maximum inhibition against Escherichia coli.

Biogenic synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of cerium nanoparticles for treatment of dyes contaminated water

In this study, Murraya Koenigii leaf extract mediated cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ce-NPs) were synthesized using an eco-friendly approach. The surface morphology, elemental composition, surface functional groups, crystal structure and thermal stability of the synthesized Ce-NPs were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The synthesized Ce-NPs were evaluated for their photocatalytic activity with respect to degradation of methylene blue dye (MBD) and acid orange-7 dye (AO7D) aqueous solution in the presence of sunlight. The dye degradation activity of the developed Ce-NPs was analyzed by the analysis of absorbance in treated and untreated aqueous dyes solution using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The result of the study inferred that Ce-NPs have promising photocatalytic degradation ability (>98 %) for both AO7D and MBD (concentration = 10 mg L−1 of each dye) within 100 min exposure to sunlight.

In Silico Molecular Docking of Phytochemicals of Murraya koenigii Against Streptococcus mutans.

Background The curry leaf tree, Murraya koenigii, is a tropical to subtropical tree in the family Rutaceae that is native to Asia. The plant parts are shown to have potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Streptococcus mutans is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci, a common inhabitant of the human oral cavity that forms biofilms, contributing to dental caries. Aim The study aimed to analyze the inhibitory potential of phytocompounds in M. koenigii against the oral pathogen S. mutans. Materials and methods The protein and ligand were prepared, and molecular docking was carried out using the Hex protein docking server. The PyMOL program was used to view, analyze, and annotate the docked complex. The interaction of the drug, including the mechanism of action, and predicted adverse effects were predicted using the Way2Drug PASS Online server. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of the drug candidates were analyzed using the SwissADME online server. Results The study identified O-methyl murrayamine, koenigine, koenigicine, and murrayone as having inhibitory potential against the glycosyltransferase protein of S. mutans. Among the four compounds analyzed for docking, koenigicine had the lowest E-score, indicating a strong interaction with the receptor. Among the four compounds analyzed, murrayone had a high topological polar surface area score, while all four compounds had similar bioavailability scores. Conclusion This study concluded that O-methyl murrayamine, koenigine, koenigicine, and murrayone exhibit potent inhibitory potential against S. mutans. M. koenigiileaf extract can be used in toothpaste as an antibacterial agent to protect teeth against dental caries. These findings are important for the potential use of the above compound to act as an anticariogenic agent in oral health applications.

Phytochemical and Bioanalytical Studies on Murraya koenigii Leaves and Exploring its Pharmaceutical Properties

The curry leaf plant Murraya koenigii is a widely consumed edible plant in Indian subcontinent for its nutritional benefits. Different parts of this plant have been proved to exhibit various pharmaceutical activities. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaf extract of M. koenigii indicted the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial properties of five solvent extracts of M. koenigii leaves were tested against six pathogenic strains of microbes using agar well diffusion method. The MICs of methanol extract for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were 250, 750 and 1000µg/mL respectively. While the acetone extract completely inhibited the bacteria E. coli (≥250µg/mL), it could exhibit the lethality only at high concentrations (≥1000µg/mL) for S. aureus and S. typhi. Moderate effects were shown by ethanol and chloroform extracts with the MICs ranging 750 - 1000µg/mL against the bacteria. The ethyl acetate extract was effective only against E. coli (250µg/mL). The methanol extract inhibited all the fungi with the MICs of ≥1000µg/mL against both Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton rubrum and ≥750µg/mL against Candida albicans. Acetone extract caused moderate (≥750µg/mL) and complete inhibition (≥250µg/mL) respectively of A. niger and C. albicans. The ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform extracts were effective only against C. albicans with the MICs ranging 500 - 1000µg/mL. The TLC and GC-MS studies revealed the occurrences of 7 and 13 secondary metabolites respectively in the M. koenigii leaf extracts encompassing three compounds with proven bioactive potentials.

Evaluation of Synergistic Hypolipidemic Activity of Murraya koenigii and Atorvastatin suspension in Hyperlipidemic rats

The purpose of this study is to assess the hypolipidemic potential of formulated suspensions of atorvastatin, alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and their combination on hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all groups except negative control group, using High Fat Diet (HFD). Formulated suspensions of Murayya koenigii leaf extract, atorvastatin and its combination were administered to HFD fed rats for 28 days. Treatment related changes in body weights were recorded. Extraction of Murraya koenigii was carried out by maceration. After completion of treatments, blood samples were collected immediately and serum separated was used for the estimation of lipid profile and glucose levels. Treatment with all the formulated suspensions shows significant normalization of body weight compared with positive control group (62.5±3.14) in HFD fed animals. The effect of combined suspension was more pronounced (40.08±4.86) and shows significant reduction in body weight gain, P<0.01 than that of Murraya koenigii leaf extract (57.94 ±4.36) or atorvastatin suspensions (45.97± 4.48) alone. Combined suspension also exhibits significant reduction, P<0.001 in serum TC, TG, LDL and VLDL. It also enhanced the cardio protective lipid HDL after 28 days of treatment. A significant reduction in serum glucose levels were noted with suspension of Murraya koenigii leaf extract alone, P<0.05 compared with positive control. It is possible to draw the conclusion from the current study that combining atorvastatin and Murraya koenigii leaf extract in a suspension may have had a synergistic effect on lowering body weight and hypolipidemic activity.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii leaf extract with efficient catalytic, antimicrobial, and sensing properties towards heavy metal ions

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii leaf extract with efficient catalytic, antimicrobial, and sensing properties towards heavy metal ions

Green synthesis and characterization of mixed-phase Fe2O3 nanorods as a novel magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for Biginelli synthesis

For the first time, mixed-phase (Hematite and Maghemite) magnetic Fe2O3 nanorods were successfully biosynthesis by sol-gel auto-combustion method using the 1:1 mixture of Eucalyptus citriodora and Murraya koenigii leaf extract as a capping agent, and its catalytic effect on synthesis of 6-(chloromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone (THPMs) derivatives were investigated. Further, the phase formation, surface topography, and crystallinity of biosynthesized Fe2O3 nanorods (NRs) were explored using powder XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), UVDRS (UV–Visible Reflectance Spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometry). Furthermore, the catalytic activity of biosynthesized Fe2O3 NRs (C1, C2, and C3) was examined for one-pot synthesis of ethyl 6-(chloromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-arylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate via Biginelli reaction. To achieve high yields (93–99 %) of 6-(chloromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone derivatives, this heterogeneous catalytic method is used with a wide range of aromatic aldehydes within a minimum reaction time, simple reaction work-up, and easily recoverable catalyst by an external magnet. The recovered catalyst is then employed for five successive cycles without non-noticeable loss of catalytic activity. We believe that this protocol presents a broad scope for Biginelli reaction through greenly produced and magnetically separable heterogeneous catalysts.

Photocatalytic Organic Contaminant Degradation of Green Synthesized ZrO2 NPs and Their Antibacterial Activities

The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is an efficient, simple, and chemical-free method of producing nanoparticles. The present work reports the synthesis of Murraya koenigii-mediated ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and their applications as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. Capping and stabilization of metal oxide nanoparticles were achieved by using Murraya koenigii leaf extract. The optical, structural, and morphological valance of the ZrO2 NPs were characterized using UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM with EDX, TEM, and XPS. An XRD analysis determined that ZrO2 NPs have a monoclinic structure and a crystallite size of 24 nm. TEM and FESEM morphological images confirm the spherical nature of ZrO2 NPs, and their distributions on surfaces show lower agglomerations. ZrO2 NPs showed high optical absorbance in the UV region and a wide bandgap indicating surface oxygen vacancies and charge carriers. The presence of Zr and O elements and their O=Zr=O bonds was categorized using EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The plant molecules’ interface, bonding, binding energy, and their existence on the surface of ZrO2 NPs were established from XPS analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZrO2 NPs was examined under visible light irradiation. The 94% degradation of toxic MB dye was achieved within 20 min. The antibacterial inhibition of ZrO2 NPs was tested against S. aureus and E. coli pathogens. Applications of bio-synthesized ZrO2 NPs including organic substance removal, pathogenic inhibitor development, catalysis, optical, and biomedical development were explored.

Murraya koenigii mediated synthesis of cobalt doped NiO nanoparticles: Evaluation of structural, optical properties and anti-bacterial activity

Recently, the synthesis of nanoparticles using phytoextracts has been focused worldwide due to their reduced chemical toxicity. We prepared NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles using Murraya Koenigii leaf extracts to replace synthetic bactericides. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX analytical techniques. According to XRD analysis, the green synthesised NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles have a crystalline cubic structure. NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles showed a characteristic absorption peak at 348 nm. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups of biomolecules present in the synthesised materials. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was found to be 80–250 nm as observed through SEM analysis. Enhanced antibacterial activity was observed for Co doped NiO against gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae ), gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus , and Bacillus) bacterial strains. • Murraya Koenigii leaf extracts assisted green synthesis was adopted to prepare NiO and Co doped NiO nanoparticles. • The effect of Co doping on structural, optical and morphological properties of NiO nanoparticles were analysed. • The excellent antimicrobial activity of pure and doped NiO nanoparticles were reported.

Evaluation of the Glycemic and Lipidemic Effect of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Ethanolic Leaf Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and often accompanied by lipid abnormalities. The ongoing search for natural antidiabetic remedies is concentrated on plants used as such in ethnomedicine. Murraya koenigii is also known as curry leaf plant, belonging to the family Rutaceae. Few studies have shown the activity of M. koenigii in management of diabetes mellitus and lipidemic effect. Aim: This study evaluated the effect of M. koenigii leaf extract on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly selected into four groups (1, 2, 3, and 4) of five rats each. Group 1 served as normal control, Group 2 as diabetic control, while Groups 3 and 4 were diabetic and orally treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of M. koenigii extract, respectively. After 14 days of administration, oral glucose tolerance test was performed on overnight fasted rats. Thereafter, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples obtained were used for biochemical assay. Results: There was no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the glucose tolerance between the normal control and the M. koenigii (200 and 400 mg/kg)-treated groups. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) between the diabetic control group and the normal control was noted at 30, 60, and 120 min following glucose load. Furthermore, there was no significant changes (P < 0.05) in the lipid parameters between the normal control and the treated groups of the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that ethanolic extract of M. koenigii administered for a 2-week period had no effect on the glucose tolerance and lipid profile of the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Efficacy of some indigenous products against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch

An experiment was conducted in field during 2017-18 for efficiency evaluation of seven indigenous products along with a check (imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 20g a.i /ha) to manage Aphis craccivora Koch on cowpea. In the bio-efficacy study, leaf extract of Polygonum hydropiper at 5% was found to be most effective and efficient in aphid population reduction (up to 77.48%), followed by neem oil at 1% (74.11%), Ocimum sanctum leaf extract at 5% (74.00%), Murraya koenigii leaf extract at 5% (70.96%), ash at 10 kg/ha (68.04%), river sand + neem leaf powder at 10 kg/ha (3:1 ratio) (44.48%) and ash + river sand at 10 kg/ha (5:1 ratio) (42.53%) after 7 days of spraying.

Catalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and Antibacterial study of silver nanoparticles obtained using Murraya Koenigii leaf Extract

Introduction: The development of eco-friendly, cost-effective green protocol for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a significant feature of nanobiotechnology connecting synthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi as well as plant and animal based products (1). There is much room of more development in the synthesis of nanoparticles using different biological resources as the source of reducing and stabilizing agents and their potential applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of great interests owing to their optical, electrical, catalytic, and antibacterial properties (1). For waste-water treatment, nanoparticles can exhibit effectiveness in catalytic dye degradation due to the characteristic catalytic properties of nanoparticles (2). In this paper, we have demonstrated an eco-friendly green approach for the room temperature synthesis of biocompatible AgNPs by the reduction of aqueous silver ions using Murraya koenigii (Mk) leaf extract. Methods: The aqueous plant extract was prepared by taking 10 g of pulverized Mk leaves in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 60 mL of Milli-Q water and refluxed it for 15 min with constant stirring using magnetic stirrer (2). 9 mL (0.625%) NH3 solution was added to 2 L of 10-3 M aqueous AgNO3 solution followed by the addition of 90 mL of aqueous Mk leaf extract at controlled pH = 7 and homogenized by using a magnetic stirrer. Then the reaction mixture was kept for 5 h at room temperature followed by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 30 min. The envisaged color change from transparent yellow to dark brownish indicates the formation of AgNPs (2). Results & Discussions: Synthesized AgNPs were well characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, DLS, HRTEM and EDX studies. AgNPs would exhibit SPR band at 402 nm. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of different biomolecules responsible for the stabilization as well as formation of AgNPs. Surface morphologies and size distribution of synthesized AgNPs were determined by HRTEM and DLS techniques, respectively. The average particle size was found 20 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline lattice of AgNPs. EDX studies confirmed the presence of elemental silver (Ag). AgNPs can act as photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) used as a model cationic dye. AgNPs were nontoxic in nature as concluded from cytotoxicity studies and also exhibited substantial antibacterial activities towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: In the present study, stable AgNPs were successfully prepared by a green route using aqueous Murraya koenigii leaf extract in simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly way using less hazardous reagents and solvents, and thereby non-toxic towards both human health and the environment. AgNPs were almost spherical in shape, crystalline in nature, with an average diameter of 20 nm. AgNPs showed catalytic activity for the degradation of a cationic dye MB. AgNPs were nontoxic in nature and can exhibit considerable antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Keywords: Biosynthesis, AgNPs, photocatalysis, methylene blue, antibacterial activity Acknowledgment: UKS would like to acknowledge financial support from the projects funded by the DHESTBT (Department of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Biotechnology), Government of West Bengal (Memo no. 161(sanc)/ST/P/S&T/9G-50/2017.

In Vitro Activity Test Of Murayya Koenigii L. Spreng Leaves As A Natural Preservative For Tilapia Fish Meat

Fish that are high in protein content are prone to quality degradation. This is strongly thought to be due to the influence of microbes that are inside or outside the fish's body. The use of formalin for food preservatives is not recommended because it can interfere with health. In Indonesia, there are many natural preservatives that are safer to use, such as Murayya koenigii L. Spreng which is rich in antioxidants and has antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of M. koenigii leaf extract as an inhibitor of bacterial growth in Oreochromis. niloticus fish meat and to measure the maximum concentration of M. koenigii leaf extract. The study used a completely randomized design method (RAL) with one factor, namely the concentration of temurui leaf extract (Murayya koenigii L. Spreng) which consisted of concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40% (g / mL). The data were taken on storage time, namely 0 days, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days. The observation parameter used was the inhibition zone diameter (mm) which was analyzed using one way ANOVA. The results showed that temurui leaves have the potential to be used as an inhibitor of microbial growth in O. niloticus fish meat at a concentration of 40% (g / mL) which is the maximum concentration.

In Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Activities of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extract Towards Bacteria Edwardsiella tarda

This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of curry leaf extract (Murraya koenigii) on the growth of Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. This study aims to determine the bioactivity and antibacterial effectiveness of M. koenigii leaf extract against the growth of E.tarda bacteria. Inhibition test was carried out by delusion (MIC test) and diffusion (disc test) methods. MIC test used 5 variations of concentration: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L on TSB (Tryptone Soya Broth) media; it was incubated for 24 hours. While the disc test used 5 variations of concentration: 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 400 mg/L and 500 mg/L on TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) media and incubated for 2x24 hours. Chloramphenicol (5 mg/L) was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. M. koenigii leaf extract contains natural bioactive; it was bacteriostatic antibacterial due to bacteria's growth after 48 hours incubation. The highest inhibition diameter of E.tarda was 7,20 mm at a concentration of 500 mg/L after 24 hours incubation. The highest inhibitory effectiveness was at a concentration of 500 mg/L with effectivity 56.3%, while it declined to 46,44% after 48 hours incubation.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antiangiogenic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts in Zebrafish

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and the antiangiogenic activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. koenigii leaves were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antiangiogenic activity of the M. koenigii leaf extracts was evaluated in a transgenic zebrafish (Tg [fli1: GFP]) that express GFP under the control of fli1, a transcription factor involved in vasculogenesis. Results The LC50 value of the aqueous extract of M. koenigii leaves was much larger (2,450 ppm) compared with that of ethanol extract (9.85 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. The antiangiogenic activity was evident only in aqueous extract, with significant effects in formation of intersegmental vessels and subintestinal veins in treated Tg (fli1: GFP) zebrafish embryos. Conclusion This study demonstrated the biological activity of M. koenigii leaf extracts as angiogenesis suppressor, suggesting its therapeutic potential as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Identification of active components from natural sources with potent antiangiogenic activity could lead to the development of anticancer agents.

Murraya koenigii Derived Phytochemicals against Dysentery

Phytochemicals are any of various biologically active compounds found in plants. These are produced by plants and have biological activity. It has been reported that Murraya koenigii leaf extract is traditionally used to cure dysentery. Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, primarily of the colon. It can lead to mild or severe stomach cramps and severe diarrhoea with mucus or blood in the faeces. It is the infection in the intestinal tract. One enzyme, which is involved in its biochemical pathway, is known as alcohol dehydrogenase (which have pdb id.1Y9A). The molecular docking was studied by biovia discovery studio. In which the interaction is done between the phytochemical of the plant with the enzyme. The stability of the interaction was evaluated based on –CDocker energy and –CDocker interaction energy.

Green synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles by green synthesis technique and study its structural, morphological and optical properties. The prepared samples were calcined at, 200°C, 300°C and 500°C, and the variation in the properties at different temperatures were investigated.Design/methodology/approachGreen approach has been used in the present work to synthesise the CaO nanoparticles using Murraya Koenigii leaf (curry leaves) extract as a capping agent. This technique involves the use of nontoxic reagents and natural products derived from various parts of plants.FindingsStudies reveal that CaO nanoparticles with good optical properties can be synthesized successfully by green approach. The optical absorbance spectra show a broad absorption peak around 400–500 nm. FTIR studies confirm the presence of different functional groups that help in the stabilization of CaO nanoparticles. PL emission spectra show a high intensity emission peak at around 231 nm in addition to peaks at 375 nm and 400 nm. XRD studies show planes of CaO cubic phase. SEM images show a nonuniform distribution of spherical particles along with some clusters. EDX spectra confirm the presence of calcium and oxygen.Practical implicationsCaO nanoparticles have wide applications in optical devices as well as in phototherapy. It is thus interesting to devise new and eco-friendly techniques to synthesise these nanoparticles to suit these applications.Originality/valueThis work would provide a new insight into the preparation of different metal oxide nanoparticles by a very simple and cost-effective green technique without the use of toxic reagents.

Conceivable Protective Role of Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract Loaded Poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Gold-Nanoparticles on the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the utmost common metabolic disorder of pregnancy, related with numerous perinatal complications. Recently, several researches have shown the valuable effect of exercise and medical nutrition therapies on weight control and glycemic control in GDM-affected peoples. In the present investigation, we established a rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats by utilizing streptozotocin (STZ) with Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) extract treated Au-PLGA nanoformulated system. An aggregate of thirty rats was confined together with male rats for pregnancy, out of which twenty-seven pregnant rats were acquired and weighed. The pregnant animals were similarly randomized into control gathering, gestational diabetes mellitus gathering and intercession gathering. After the treatment of M. koenigii leaf extract with Au-PLGA nanosystem, serum glucose and lipids levels of intercession amass were enhanced considerably. Antioxidant enzymes levels of gestational diabetes mellitus aggregate in pancreas and liver tissues were lower than alternate gatherings, and after treatment of M. koenigii leaf extract, cell reinforcement compounds levels in pancreas and liver tissues were equal to the control gathering. M. koenigii leaf extract, wealthy antioxidant agent substances, could maintain a strategic distance from the extreme expending of cell reinforcement chemicals, at that point, smothering the oxidative pressure and insulin opposition, and, along these lines, enhancing blood glucose level of gestational diabetes mellitus in rats.