Development Of Knowledge Structures Research Articles

Knowledge Structure of New Energy Vehicle Policy Research

Globally, transport is responsible for 23% of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions and 80% of these emissions are attributable to road transport. Significant transformations, including extensive electrification of the sector, are necessary to achieve climate change goals. To understand new energy vehicle (NEV) policy research, we explore the status, knowledge base and research frontiers of NEV policy research by studying 355 papers collected from the Web of Science™ (WoS) Core Collection database. We map NEV policy research trends and knowledge structure development using knowledge domain technology and bibliometric techniques. The knowledge base analysis shows that: (a) NEV policy formation and evaluation; (b) policy incentives and consumer adoption; and (c) consumer preferences towards NEV adoption are all essential knowledge foundations in NEV policy research and development (R&D). The efficiency of NEV policy, cost-effectiveness of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), consumer preferences for NEV adoption, hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicles, climate policy and CO2 emissions are five main lines of research in NEV policy studies. With the highest number of publications from Tsinghua University, China is the most active country in NEV policy research. Energy Policy, Sustainability and Journal of Cleaner Production are the core journals and Energy and Fuels and Environmental Sciences are the core disciplines of NEV policy research. The findings of this analysis help policymakers and researchers to navigate the literature on NEV, provide a clear map of existing works, identify the gaps and recommend promising avenues for future studies.

Semantic Search System for Common Cultural Traditions of the Greater Mekong Subregion

This article presents the development of a semantic search system for the common cultural traditions of the Greater Mekong Subregion, which has been studied using common cultural tradition data from Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Our system presents the implementation of semantic search to solve the problem of semantic gaps in common cultural characteristic concepts for information access and retrieval. The field of cultural heritage management represents a growing area of research that contains valuable information for users, researchers, and domain experts. Finding information on traditions or cultures of interest among unstructured materials requires a laborious search process. In this paper, we demonstrate how to extract semantic entities and relationships represented in the information using the theory of information science, specifically the Knowledge Organization (KO) approach, which involves determining the concepts and semantic relations of a particular issue and establishing their relations with relevant concepts. It serves as a foundation for knowledge structure development and ontology development, which contribute to effective information searching and knowledge access. The system was developed based on systematic ontology using the Hozo Ontology Editor and Database and ontology mapping using the Ontology Application Management (OAM) framework, which helps distinguish between relevant and irrelevant data, thereby leading to search effectiveness. To cut down on the time wasted in browsing and searching, reduce associated user frustration, and support the research of domain experts, more selective user access is needed.

Lexical Cohesion Patterns of Natural Science Academic Text and Implications for Lexical Teaching: Textual Analysis of IELTS Reading Passages

With IELTS’s worldwide recognition as an accountable indicator of English proficiency level, scholars have investigated IELTS extensively to provide insights for ESL teaching. Despite the manifold investigation into the validity, typographical features, washback on candidates and practical knowledge of the reading test, little research is done to manifest its lexical cohesion patterns and pedagogical implications. To fill in the research gap, the researcher selected 20 natural science passages from IELTS reading passages and conducted textual analysis under Halliday and Hasan’s English cohesion framework. Pedagogical implications are revealed by combining research findings with a lexical-based teaching approach, lexical syllabus design and knowledge structure development in the subject matter. Research findings indicate that the lexical cohesion patterns of natural science passages share similar organisational structures with subject matter knowledge. Reiteration patterns establish a panoramic view and taxonomic framework of subject matter, whereas collocation patterns focus on detailed explanations, examples and contextual extension that can contribute to the accruement of real-world knowledge. Based on these findings, the study suggests that the teacher can integrate lexical cohesion syllabus into the traditional pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading teaching stages. Though limited in scope and validity, these findings can provide a framework of combined research between text analysis and teaching approaches. More empirical experiments can be followed up to undergird the efficacy of the suggested lexical syllabus and provide more detailed pedagogical insights.

Use of Triangulation in Comparing the Blockchain Knowledge Structure between China and South Korea: Scientometric Network, Topic Modeling, and Prediction Technique

Blockchain, as a new innovative technology, has become a popular topic in many fields in recent years. In this study, triangulation was used to investigate the development of knowledge structures. First, scientometric network analysis was employed to identify the cooperation of knowledge networks. It was found that the structure of blockchain knowledge networks in China is relatively more complex and diverse than in South Korea. Since increased teamwork in blockchain is conducive to the creation of high-quality knowledge products, the Chinese government appears to strongly promote diversified cooperation on blockchain technology through centralized policies. Second, machine-learning topic modeling was used to analyze the content exchanged via a collaborative network. As a result, it was found that both countries lacked the societal and commercial aspects of blockchain technology. Finally, we developed a prediction technique based on the Ernie model to automatically categorize the nature of blockchain research.

When Documentation Inhibits Helpful Auditor Intuition: An Examination of Experience and Justification

We examine whether more experienced auditors develop helpful intuition when evaluating risk factors. We expect documentation requirements to inhibit the use of intuition by activating different knowledge structures, reducing judgment quality in areas where auditors have helpful intuition. In an experiment with practicing auditors, we find evidence suggesting that more experienced auditors develop helpful intuition related to misstatements caused by error (detected with relative frequency in practice, conducive to the development of knowledge structures) but not fraud (detected with relative infrequency in practice, not conducive to the development of knowledge structures). Further, when auditors are asked to document justification for their error-related risk assessments, their judgment quality decreases relative to the judgments of an expert panel. This suggests that documentation requirements include a hidden cost that may decrease audit quality by activating different knowledge structures and thereby crowding out helpful intuitive knowledge structures.

Effects of case library recommendation system on problem solving and knowledge structure development

Case-based reasoning posits that learners can use their prior experience to solve new problems. This theory is cited to explain the benefits of problem-based learning (PBL), especially as it relates to knowledge structure development. However, critics argue that learners lack the relevant knowledge structures to simultaneously learn new content and solve complex problems. In terms of learning design, theorists suggest a set of cases (case library) can be used as vicarious memory and thus bridge the experience gap. While this may be beneficial in theory, studies show experts and novices tend to process the details of a case in markedly different ways, which would be problematic in terms of case libraries' ability to scaffolding problem-solving. To address this challenge, this study compared the following conditions in terms of argumentation and knowledge structure development: PBL only, PBL with static case library, PBL with recommendation system case library. Both the case library conditions outperformed the PBL-only condition in terms of initial argument development. However, the PBL with recommendation system case library outperformed the other conditions on rebuttal development. Implications for PBL, CBR, knowledge structure development, and learning design are discussed.

Effects of Stories and Checklist Decision Aids on Knowledge Structure Development and Auditor Judgment

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to compare the usefulness of a story versus traditional checklist decision aids for enhancing knowledge structure development and for improving the judgments of auditors related to fraud risks. The results from the first experiment indicate that novice participants who read stories develop knowledge structures that more closely resemble the knowledge structures of experts than do participants who read checklists. The second experiment reveals that auditors who read stories make judgments more like experts than do auditors who use checklists. The findings demonstrate that stories may have the capacity to train auditors and improve their judgments. Audit firms constantly seek methods to improve auditors' knowledge and judgments, and our findings suggest opportunities for firms to employ fraud stories to enhance knowledge of fraud and improve professional judgment. This study's results hold important implications for the design of training materials, decision aids, and knowledge management systems.

An ontological framework for knowledge modeling and decision support in cyber-physical systems

Our work is concerned with the development of knowledge structures to support correct-by-design cyber-physical systems (CPS). This class of systems is defined by a tight integration of software and physical processes, the need to satisfy stringent constraints on performance and safety, and a reliance on automation for the management of system functionality and decision making. To assure correctness of functionality with respect to requirements, there is a strong need for system models to account for semantics of the domains involved. This paper introduces a new ontological-based knowledge and reasoning framework for decision support for CPS. It enables the development of determinate, provable and executable CPS models supported by sound semantics strengthening the model-driven approach to CPS design. An investigation into the structure of basic description logics (DL) has identified the needed semantic extensions to enable the web ontology language (OWL) as the ontological language for our framework. The SROIQ DL has been found to be the most appropriate logic-based knowledge formalism as it maps to OWL 2 and ensures its decidability. Thus, correct, stable, complete and terminating reasoning algorithms are guaranteed with this SROIQ-backed language. The framework takes advantage of the commonality of data and information processing in the different domains involved to overcome the barrier of heterogeneity of domains and physics in CPS. Rules-based reasoning processes are employed. The framework provides interfaces for semantic extensions and computational support, including the ability to handle quantities for which dimensions and units are semantic parameters in the physical world. Together, these capabilities enable the conversion of data to knowledge and their effective use for efficient decision making and the study of system-level properties, especially safety. We exercise these concepts in a traffic light time-based reasoning system.

Significado de los factores sociales y culturales en el desarrollo cognitivo

El problema del estudio de los factores sociales y culturales que intervienen en el desarrollo de la cognición se refiere a su tratamiento global y unilateral en relación con los factores individuales. Particularmente, el problema se manifiesta cuando no se distingue el factor de las interacciones sociales del factor de la transmisión cultural. En este trabajo analizaremos la acción de los factores sociales y culturales en el desarrollo de las estructuras del conocimiento, objetivando evidenciar sus acciones diferenciadas y solidarias. En función de ese objetivo, examinaremos, primeramente, las características y acciones complementarias de los factores del desarrollo (individuales y sociales); a continuación, analizaremos investigaciones realizadas en diferentes medios sociales y culturales que muestran sus acciones diferenciadas y complementarias. Finalmente, trataremos de evidenciar la novedad y la importancia del tratamiento relacional de los factores sociales y culturales para la investigación básica y aplicada.

Gender influences on mental models of firm strategies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in the formation of mental models of firm strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe specific research question is how gender, social interaction, team psychological safety and synergistic knowledge development influence certain characteristics – complexity and centrality – of an individual's mental model of firm strategies. A survey was conducted on a sample of US business students enrolled in strategic management courses. Social interaction, team psychological safety and synergistic knowledge development were measured by use of multiple‐item seven‐point Likert scales. Mental models were constructed by the causal mapping method. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe regression analyses of the survey data support most of the hypotheses. Gender directly influences complexity and centrality in mental models of firm strategies and moderates the predictive influence of social interaction on synergistic knowledge development.Research limitations/implicationsPossible limitations are the use of a student sample and of respondents as the sole data source. Future research could use managers as research subjects and multiple data sources and explore other determinants of the mental model of firm strategies.Practical implicationsThe findings alert university educators about the importance of helping women develop high‐order knowledge and problem‐solving skills by understanding various business functions and synthesizing diverse perspectives. Corporate managers need to design and implement special mentoring and training programs for women with the aim of enriching their specific management knowledge. This study also suggests that women may increase their chance of developing strategic knowledge by proactively networking with senior managers.Originality/valueThis study on gender differences in accumulating management knowledge and skills helps us better understand the roots of and solutions to the gender gap in management and leadership positions. The most intriguing result is the demonstration of gender differences in the development of specific management knowledge. Biases against women not only contribute directly to the “glass ceiling”; more disturbingly, they negatively influence women's internal development of knowledge structures.

Measurement of knowledge structures acquired through instruction, experience, and decision aid use

This study investigates a method for measuring knowledge structure development in novice accountants by extending Bonner and Walker [Bonner, S. and P. Walker. 1994. The effects of instruction and experience on the acquisition of auditing knowledge. The Accounting Review 69: 157–178.], which examined the effects of instruction and experience on the acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge. We employ Pathfinder network scaling, a recently developed and validated measure of knowledge structure acquisition, to determine whether the combinations of instruction and experience previously found to be effective in promoting declarative and procedural knowledge acquisition result in the development of expert-like knowledge structures. Further, we examine the effectiveness of a simple decision aid in promoting the acquisition of expert-like knowledge structures through experience with the decision aid. Results from two laboratory experiments indicate that Pathfinder-based measures of knowledge structure can effectively capture the effects of training and decision aid use on the development of expertise. The findings suggest that assessments of knowledge structures are valuable tools for measuring the effectiveness of training programs, and such assessments can be applied in decision domains where traditional measures of knowledge acquisition are insufficient or infeasible. Finally, the results indicate that properly designed decision aids can impart expert-like knowledge structures to novice decision makers, and these knowledge structures are the key to expertise.

Infants' Differential Processing of Female and Male Faces

Infants show an interesting asymmetry in face processing: They are more fluent in processing female faces than they are at processing male faces. We hypothesize that such processing asymmetry results from greater experience with female faces than with male faces early in development. Asymmetrical face processing may have long-lasting implications for development of face recognition, development of knowledge structures regarding females and males, and social-information processing. We encourage researchers to use both female and male faces in their face-perception research and to conduct separate analyses for female and male faces.

Mapping industrial marketing knowledge: a study of an IMP conference

The paper describes exploratory research into the nature of the International/Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) conference papers with particular focus on content. A qualitative analysis of the Proceedings of the 16th Annual IMP Conference is presented. The results provide insights into the diversity of academic thought that fuels the development of the IMP network and allows us to begin charting the development of knowledge structures within past IMP conferences. Of particular interest are, first, the tentative knowledge structure that emerges, second, the depth of analysis that emerges from using multidimensional coding, and third, the utility of the process of successive categorisation.

A picture is worth a thousand connections: the facilitative effects of diagrams on mental model development and task performance

This study investigated the influence of training format on knowledge structure development and how differing knowledge structure measurement techniques can be used to best assess training effectiveness. The presence of diagrams was manipulated in a computer-based training tutorial designed to assess mental model development and knowledge acquisition. Participants presented with diagrams were more likely to accurately draw connections across modules of the training. Diagrams also facilitated performance on measures of integrative knowledge but not on measures of declarative knowledge. The results are discussed in the context of mental model theory.

The Interpretation And Resolution Of Resource Allocation Issues In Professional Organizations: A Critical Examination Of The Professional‐Manager Dichotomy*

Professional organizations have long been depicted as rife with conflict between professionals, who are assumed to represent the interests of their profession, and managers, who are assumed to represent the potentially competing interests of the organization. This study examines the validity of this assumption. Based on past research on both professional organizations and knowledge structure development, we predict that to the extent that professionals and managers conflict, they may do so because they interpret ‘identical’ issues differently. The results of a study of resource allocation decision preferences with 350 chief financial officers, chief medical officers, and physicians revealed strong support for our issue interpretation predictions, and virtually no support for the simple professional–manager dichotomy. Specifically, using structural equation modeling, we found that: (1) single resource allocation issues could be interpreted in multiple ways; (2) issue interpretations were strong predictors of decision preferences; (3) professionals and managers tended to interpret issues differently, although many of the differences were not consistent with past theorizing about professionals; (4) the interpretations and decision preferences of professionals who occupied management positions were like those of other professionals but different from those of managers; and (5) decision maker status (i.e., professional and/or manager) was only modestly related to decision preference. Our findings suggest that the sources and manifestations of a professional–manager dichotomy are more complex than previously reported.

Analysis and Training of Diagnostic Expertise in Complex Technical Domains

In the following report, two studies on analysis and training of expert performance in troubleshooting at complex manufacturing plants will be presented. The first and main study deals with a comparison of experts and novices to assess the level of expertise necessary to complete complex diagnostic tasks. Critical behavioural elements and cognitive processes of high performing maintenance technicians were identified by observing maintenance technicians with different levels of expertise while troubleshooting real faults. In addition, training needs were derived from the assessment of inefficient and deficient performance of low performing technicians. The particular training needs emerged in narrowing down the faults and in generating an adequate mental representation of the fault conditions. These findings are discussed with respect to current research in this domain. In the second study, a training programme designed to improve on the exchange of knowledge between experts and novices was evaluated. In this training programme, the acquisition of information search and information processing strategies were taught through elements of the cognitive apprenticeship approach. In addition, mapping techniques were used in group discussions to facilitate the development of knowledge structures that support problem solving in troubleshooting. A first training evaluation shows that diagnostic performance can be improved through this approach.