Knowledge Quiz Research Articles

Knowledge, attitudes and demand toward cardiovascular polygenic risk testing in clinical practice: cross-sectional survey of patients.

The goal of this study was to assess patients' prior exposure and current level of knowledge of polygenic risk scores (PRSs). We also explored reactions to receiving a high-risk or low-risk score, and gauged the overall attitudes and demand patients have with regards to PRSs. We developed an online investigator-designed survey based on existing validated tools in genetic testing. There were two versions of the survey, one including a hypothetical high-risk PRS and one with a low-risk PRS. This survey was distributed to patients attending a cardiovascular clinic for primary or secondary prevention. A total of 226 participants responded to the survey. 177 patients (79%) had not read nor heard about polygenic testing. 209 patients (93%) had never discussed polygenic testing with their health care professional (HCP). 208 patients (93%) had never received polygenic testing. The average score on the knowledge quiz was 2.47/10 [95% C.I. (2.17, 2.78)]. Participants that received a high-risk survey scored 20.52/35 [95% C.I. (16.14, 24.9)] with regards to negative emotions while low-risk survey participants scored 17.96/35 [95% C.I. (13.98, 21.94)] (p < 0.001). Participants that received a high-risk survey scored 12.42/15 [95% C.I. (10.43, 14.41)] for demand and low-risk survey participants scored 12.22/15 [95% C.I. (9.66, 14.78)] (p = 0.549). Patients have limited prior exposure and knowledge of PRSs. Compared to receiving a low-risk score, participants receiving a high-risk score have more negative emotions and feelings of uncertainty. Despite the lack of knowledge, and the high rate of negative emotions and uncertainty, demand for PRSs in cardiology practice is high.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Peer Training Program to Deliver a Theory-Based Physical Activity Behavior Change Intervention to Inactive People Living With and Beyond Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study

Theory-based physical activity (PA) interventions include PA promotion strategies that can be delivered by exercise professionals, friends, family and peers. Peer-delivery presents a valuable opportunity for community implementation. Few peer-led PA interventions for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC) report the feasibility of their peer mentor training methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a peer mentor training program to deliver a behavioural PA intervention to inactive people LWBC using a mixed methods approach. Peer mentors (active people LWBC [≥90 min/week of PA]) participated in an online training program. Weeks 1 to 4 (Phase I) included knowledge and skill development (1-hour online module and 2-hour live workshop weekly). The Assessment phase (Phase II) explored peer mentor readiness (≥80% on a knowledge quiz and ≥3/5 points [Satisfactory] on a mock role play). Feasibility was assessed using enrollment rates, retention rates, adherence, and semi-structured interviews. Acceptability was measured using a satisfaction questionnaire assessing level of agreement with several statements about training program components. Peer mentors (&lt;em&gt;N &lt;/em&gt;= 14; M&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 65.4 ± 10.7 years) were diagnosed with primarily prostate (57.1%) or breast (21.4%) cancer. Enrollment and retention rates were 73.7% and 92.9%, respectively. Workshops and online modules had 100% and 87.5% adherence rates, respectively. Majority of peer mentors met readiness criteria for the knowledge quiz (92.3%) and mock role play (84.6%) on their first attempt, with 92.3% delivering the follow-up peer-led PA intervention. Peer mentor satisfaction scores ranged from 3.9 to 4.6 out of 5. Interviews generated themes around overall impressions, feedback on timing, structure, and content of the training program and mock role play, and peer mentor preparedness. Structured training for delivering peer-led PA interventions show promise; however, individualized support may be needed for some people LWBC to strengthen mentorship knowledge and skills.

Avoiding anti-inflammatories: a randomised controlled trial testing the effect of an eHealth information package on primary healthcare patient medication knowledge and behaviour in Aotearoa New Zealand

BackgroundPatient medication knowledge and health literacy affect patient safety. Taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), with diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) is nephrotoxic. Patients...

&lt;p&gt;Epistemologies of Ignorance: Revisiting the Marley Hypothesis and the Role of Collective Self-Esteem and Social Dominance Theory&lt;/p&gt;

Background: In studies on racial differences in the perception of racism, it has been shown that these differences are mediated by the degree of historical knowledge about racism. The validity of this hypothesis is evaluated in the context of the states of Oregon and Washington. In the present study, we propose as the main objective to contrast the Marley hypothesis based on its previous empirical evaluation, as it has been substantiated, and incorporating the analysis of the construct of social dominance orientation (SDO). Methodology: Using convenience sampling, 79 White Americans (M = 35.75, SD = 16.45) and 58 Black Americans (M = 30.93, SD = 10.27) were selected. Four measures were used: a historical knowledge quiz, the Collective Self-Esteem Scale, a perception of racism scale and the SDO-7 Short Scale. Results: The expected racial differences in the perception of racism were not found. However, White participants presented less historical knowledge. Furthermore, greater historical knowledge predicted SDO only for Black participants. It has been proven that the degree of racial identification moderates the effect of race status on perceptions of racism. Discussion and Conclusion: The defense of a “non-racist” self-image by white participants is closely linked to how they report their perceptions of racism. It is noted that, even though the two groups presented equal levels in this variable, the scores could be due to different underlying processes, hence the results are compatible with the notion that the two groups understand racism in different ways. The data suggests that in this region, the perception and understanding of racism are influenced by sociocultural factors that were not as relevant in previous studies.

Psychometric testing of the continence and mobility in older adults knowledge quiz

AbstractWhat are the psychometric properties of the Continence and Mobility in Older Adults Knowledge Quiz? Our previous research revealed gaps in practicing and student nurses' knowledge of mobility and continence in older people. To address this gap, we developed a self‐directed e‐learning module on continence and mobility to enhance student nurses knowledge. The module provided education about continence, mobility, and the links between them. Since we were unable to locate a continence and mobility measure that captured both lower urinary track symptoms and elements of mobility, we developed a continence and mobility knowledge quiz. For researchers and educators to be able to use this quiz with confidence, psychometric testing of our continence and mobility knowledge quiz was required. When caring for older people, two geriatric challenges—continence and mobility—are often linked and viewed as indicators of frailty. Functional changes related to continence and/or mobility can indicate an acute illness in older persons and, if left untreated, can result in permanent changes managing continence needs. Continence care is often viewed negatively and is not prioritized by nurses. We employed stages in development of the Continence and Mobility Knowledge Quiz. In stage one, we developed 18 item true/false items from the literature with the guidance of a continence expert. In stage two, we tested the Quiz with nursing students from three universities in Canada. In stage three, (the current stage) we assessed the validity of the scale using a factor analysis and a reliability analysis (via standardized Cronbach's alpha). From our sample of 420, factor analysis indicated a two‐factor model (as suggested by Kaiser's rule), explained 22% of the variation in responses to the assessment items. We recommend removing item 7 as it does not contribute to the internal consistency of the tool. Cronbach's alpha after removing 7 is 0.65, indicating satisfactory reliability. To our knowledge, this is the first validated tool for measuring nurse knowledge about continence and mobility that addresses both a range of lower urinary tract symptoms and elements of mobility in older adults.

Introduction to Adaptive Sports: An Intervention Protocol for Youth

Certified therapeutic recreation specialists (CTRS®s) within pediatric rehabilitation inpatient (PR-I) units use a variety of treatment modalities. One such modality is adaptive sports. Positive emotions that can be generated when participating in an adaptive sports activity include enjoyment and gratification. CTRSs are able to provide youth in the PR-I unit with a unique experience that teaches them about adaptive sports while introducing a potential new leisure pursuit. Thus, the Introduction to Adaptive Sports program was developed with the intent of documenting youths' knowledge related to adaptive sports following brief exposure, their enjoyment of ac-tivities associated with four different adaptive sports, and their interest in future participation. The youth involved in the piloting of this protocol were asked to complete a Knowledge and Future Participation Quiz as well as an Enjoyment Scale to measure their level of knowledge about each adaptive sport presented, how much they enjoyed participating in each ses-sion, and if they would be interested in future participation. The results showed that the youth demonstrated strong knowledge about each adaptive sport (average scores of 5.06 out of 6). The scores on the Enjoyment Scale indicated that youth on the PR-I unit enjoyed the adaptive sports sessions (average scores of 8.38 out of 10). Addition-ally, participant responses indicated 78.13% overall interest in future participation in the four presented adaptive sports. Though the preliminary results from the trial of this protocol are encouraging, recommendations for revision and future study by CTRS professionals on PR-I units are included.

Knowledge and attitudes about dementia of primary care physicians in Southern Brazil

BackgroundPrimary Care Physicians have a central role in assisting individuals with dementia and evaluating their preparedness to care these patients is fundamental. Our aim is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding dementia of the Primary Care Physicians (PCP) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Southern Brazil.MethodsWe collected sociodemographic data, volume of patients with dementia treated/referred and perception of difficulties in caring for these patients. A previously validated questionnaire was sent: "Quiz on Knowledge and Attitudes in Dementia".ResultsFrom March/2022 to June/2023, 296 PCP responded to the questionnaire. They were mostly women (52.7%, 156), with a median [IQR] age of 35 [29–44] years, mostly were White (82.1%, 243) and had 7 (4–16) years of experience as a physician. Less than half of the physicians performed cognitive screening (43.9%) and Mini Mental State Examination was the most screening (63.5%) test used. The mean percentage of correct answers in the Knowledge Quiz was 46.4%. In the attitude quiz, we identified 3 factors: 1) frankly positive attitudes; 2) perceive primary care as important but have a pessimistic attitude towards them; 3) see primary care as important for patient care.ConclusionKnowledge about dementia is low among PCP in RS; however, most have positive attitudes towards these patients or think primary care is important to these patient's care.

WITHDRAWN: TourismNER: A tourism named entity recognition method based on entity boundary joint prediction

Tourism named entity recognition is indispensable in tourism information extraction, and plays a crucial role in constructing tourism knowledge map and enhancing tourism knowledge quiz system. The difficulty of tourism named entity recognition lies in its complex nested structure, and the lengthy entity naming length. To address these existing problems, we propose a tourism named entity recognition model that jointly predicts entity boundaries, adopting a training strategy of data preprocessing to enhance the model’s ability for tourism named entity boundary recognition, while our model introduces a pre-trained Bert model as well as BiLSTM coding to enhance the representation of the model’s contexts, and uses a combined predictor of Biaffine and MLP to enhance the model’s recognition performance for boundaries, as well as introducing label smoothing cross entropy to smooth the target labels during the training process. Experiments are conducted on three datasets with different granularities. From the analysis of the experimental results, it can be seen that the named entity recognition method achieves higher accuracy and F1 value compared with the optimal baseline model, and also proves the effectiveness and generality of the modeling method proposed in this paper.

Igniting Awareness: Assessing Healthcare Providers' Understanding of Firefighter Cancer Risks

Firefighters are at increased risk for skin cancer from exposure to fireground carcinogens, UV radiation, and other occupational hazards. Despite known risk factors, agencies such as the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) do not include recommendations for routine skin cancer screenings in their general guidelines. Moreover, limited provider understanding of the unique health challenges firefighters encounter has resulted in a lack of awareness in the healthcare community regarding these increased skin cancer threats. This raises concern as providers are crucial in conducting skin cancer screenings and advocating for preventive measures for patients, especially firefighters. To better understand healthcare provider perspectives, the San Antonio Fire Department (SAFD) administered a questionnaire assessing healthcare providers’ knowledge of firefighter cancer, including rates, risks, and policies, to healthcare providers attending the second annual SAFD “Firefighter Cancer Prevention and Wellness Fair” in January and February 2024, sharing de-identified results with the research team. The results indicate a majority of healthcare providers have limited knowledge about skin cancer in firefighters and are unaware of the major risks affecting members of this occupation. Approximately 70 healthcare providers participated in the questionnaire; of those, 4% passed the basic firefighter cancer knowledge quiz (&gt;70% correct answers) and 18% scored higher than 50%. The mean score was 34%. While the SAFD skin cancer screenings revealed a smoldering knowledge gap among providers in understanding firefighter cancer risk, this study underscores the necessity of educating more healthcare professionals about the men and women who dedicate their lives to keeping ours safe.

External Auditory Canal Exostosis and the California Surfer Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

California has the most surfers in the United States and a high prevalence of external auditory canal exostoses (EACEs) among them. We aimed to characterize their EACE knowledge, use of earplugs, and barriers toward earplug use. A RedCap survey was distributed to online surfing forums and surfers at California beaches. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to characterize responses. Our cohort included 334 primarily male (n = 269, 81.52%), college-educated (n = 237, 71.17%) surfers who were on average 30.79 years old (SD = 11.07). Two hundred and ninety-seven (90.00%) heard of EACE and 317 (96.06%) believed earplugs prevent EACE. However, 214 (64.85%) had never used earplugs. Multivariable logistic regression found increased age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = [1.00-1.08], p = 0.03), higher EACE knowledge quiz scores (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = [1.19-1.80], p < 0.001), and primarily surfing in Southern California (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = [1.15-4.16], p = 0.02) increased the likelihood of earplug use. Common reasons against earplug use included reduced hearing, discomfort, and social hindrance. Two hundred and eighty-seven (86.45%) would wear earplugs following more EACE knowledge. They preferred learning from surf community members, doctors, and surf events. Low earplug use despite awareness of EACE preventability suggests a need for EACE education among California surfers and more accessible, user-friendly earplugs. Younger, less-skilled surfers who were more commonly unaware of EACE may represent a key intervention group. Education could be promoted through partnerships between health professionals and renowned surf organizations, as most participants indicated a willingness to use earplugs post-education. N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.

Pharmacogenetic educational needs and the role of pharmacogenetics in primary care: a focus group study with multiple perspectives.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a well-established concept of how genes impact medication response, with many studies demonstrating reductions in medication side effects, improved efficacy and cost effectiveness. Despite these benefits, implementation of PGx in daily practice remains limited. Studies on the implementation of PGx in clinical practice have previously found that inadequate knowledge is one of the main barriers. Details regarding specifically which educational needs exist among family medicine clinicians requires further study. The aim of this study was to identify both the perceived role that pharmacogenomics (PGx) could play in primary care practice, the knowledge gaps that family medicine clinicians experience, and the skills they require to use PGx in their daily practice. To achieve this aim, the attitudes, knowledge, barriers, skills needed, and preferred educational program were explored in a family medicine clinician focus group study via a semi-structured interview and knowledge quiz. Second, multidisciplinary focus groups provided information on the level of knowledge and necessary skills to use PGx in patient care. After gathering key recorded information from both focus groups, the perceived role pharmacogenomics could possibly play in primary care, the predominant knowledge gaps, and the most appropriate educational program was determined by qualitative analysis. Four themes emerged regarding the PGx educational needs and the role of PGx in family medicine: 1) need for PGx competences, 2) insight into the roles and responsibilities of PGx services, 3) optimization of PGx workflow through artificial intelligence integrated in the electronic health record, and 4) the ethical dilemmas and psychological effects related to PGx. These themes reflect a shift in the role of PGx in family medicine with implications for education. The results obtained from this study will help improve the implementation of PGx in daily practice, and consequently, may result in increased utilization of PGx, thereby resulting in improved medication efficacy and reduced side effects.

The Anchor of Traditional Culture and Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Willingness Towards Organ Donation during Internships: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of medical students in their clinical internships towards organ donation and to assess how traditional oriental culture plays a role. MethodsThis study conducted an online cross-sectional survey using a cell phone application with a self-designed questionnaire based on the Delphi method. This study was conducted among medical students in their internships in hospitals in nearly 20 provinces of China. The questionnaire consisted of 17 main questions and a knowledge quiz. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the softwares Microsoft Excel 2021 and SPSS 26. ResultsA total of 225 medical students participated in this study, distributed among college, undergraduate, and postgraduate clinical internships.96% of the medical students agreed with the value of organ donation, but the highest willingness to donate the whole body was only 38.22%. Among them, traditional culture, family values, and religious factors played important both positive and negative roles. ConclusionMedical students have better knowledge about organ donation, but it rarely comes from professional education. Traditional concepts, family values, and religious factors play both a facilitating and hindering role, which can easily lead to moral dilemmas. Although it is not possible to make productive changes in the short term, we could still make improvements through educational changes, research breakthroughs, and institutional improvements.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Toileting Behaviors, and Pelvic Floor Health Knowledge in Younger and Older Women.

The primary aim was to examine the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), toileting behaviors, and pelvic floor health knowledge in younger and older women. The secondary aim was to compare LUTS, toileting behaviors, and pelvic floor health knowledge in younger and older women. The study included 85 younger women and 81 older women. LUTS were evaluated using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female LUTS (ICIQ-FLUTS), toileting behaviors using Toileting Behavior-Women's Elimination Behaviors (TB-WEB), and pelvic floor health knowledge using the Pelvic Floor Health Knowledge Quiz (PFHKQ). In terms of LUTS, the most common symptoms in younger women are urgency (31.8%), bladder pain (28.2%), and frequency of incontinence episodes (35.3%), whereas in older women, the most common symptoms observed are urgency (64.2%), frequency of incontinence episodes (61.7%), intermittency (46.9%), urgency urinary incontinence (58%), and frequency of incontinence episodes (49.4%). Most unhealthy toileting behaviors correlated with LUTS in both groups (p < 0.05). Although a weak negative correlation was detected between ICIQ-FLUTS total score and PFHKQ function in younger women (p < 0.05), no correlation was found in older women (p < 0.05). Whereas premature voiding, straining during voiding, TB-WEB total score were higher in older women than in younger women (p < 0.05), delayed voiding, position preference for voiding, and PFHKQ function/dysfunction scores were higher in younger women than in older women (p < 0.05). Within the scope of preventive health services, it may be important to provide informative programs on healthy toileting behaviors and pelvic floor health to women of all ages in order to prevent LUTS.

Where there is no genetic counselor: An online decision-aid supports the majority of parents’ diagnostic genomic testing choices for their children

PurposeWe evaluated DECIDE, an online pretest decision-support tool for diagnostic genomic testing, in nongenetics specialty clinics where there are no genetic counselors (GCs). MethodsFamilies of children offered genomic testing were eligible to participate. Fifty-six parents/guardians completed DECIDE at home, at their convenience. DECIDE includes an integrated knowledge quiz and decisional conflict screen. Six months later, parents were offered follow-up questionnaires and interviews about their experiences. ResultsForty parents (71%) had sufficient knowledge and no decisional conflict surrounding their testing decision, but 6 of this group had residual questions. These 6, plus 16 with decisional conflict or insufficient knowledge, saw a GC. At follow-up, little-to-no decisional regret and few negative emotions were identified in any parents. Most chose testing and described their decision as easy, yet stressful, and described many motivations for sequencing. Parents appreciated the simple comprehensive information DECIDE provided and the ability to view it in a low-stress environment. ConclusionDECIDE provides adequate decision-support to enable most parents to make value-consistent choices about genetic testing for their child. Parents reported that DECIDE helped to clarify motivations for pursuing (or declining) testing. DECIDE is a timely, well-tested, and accessible tool in clinical settings without GCs.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Unique Visual Aid in Improving Women's Knowledge of the Hysterectomy Procedure [ID 2683416

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the efficacy of a visual aid in improving women's knowledge of the hysterectomy procedure. Currently, there is a lack of literature that examines evidence-based hysterectomy patient education, and a recent literature review stated that there is a deficit in education surrounding the different hysterectomy treatment options. METHODS: This is IRB study #Pro2021000882. Patients were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Health at the Ambulatory Care Center at University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey. Participants consented and patient information was de-identified. Participants completed a 28-question pre-test, watched the visual aid in either English or Spanish, and then completed the same 28-question post-test. For both English- and Spanish-speaking participants, the percentage of participants who answered each pre- and post-test question correctly was calculated. Finally, average pre-test scores were compared to average post-test scores for each language. RESULTS: After watching the video, average test scores of English-speaking (N=30) participants increased by 19.76 (95% CI: 10.9, 28.6) percentage points, whereas Spanish-speaking (N=20) participants increased by 28.93 (95% CI: 19.7, 38.1) percentage points. From the 28-question knowledge test, there were 15 questions in the English version and 23 questions in the Spanish version where the percent of respondents who answered that question correctly after watching the video improved by 20 percentage points or greater compared to before watching the video. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data provide evidence that the hysterectomy visual aid/video we created significantly improves knowledge of the hysterectomy procedure as measured by a validated hysterectomy knowledge quiz.

Investigation of pelvic floor knowledge, awareness and healthcare seeking in women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study

Aim: Healthcare seeking by women with urinary incontinence is affected by many factors. However, the effect of pelvic floor awareness and knowledge on seeking health care is not clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pelvic floor awareness, urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor knowledge levels and healthcare seeking in women with incontinence. Methods: A total of 178 women, 96 incontinent and 82 continent, were included in the study. The presence of UI was evaluated with Incontinence Questionnaires (3IQ), incontinence knowledge level with the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ-UI), and pelvic floor knowledge with the Pelvic Floor Health Knowledge Quiz (PFHKQ). Pelvic floor awareness and treatment seeking were measured with open-ended questions compiled from the literature. The Mann Whitney U, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. A value of p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were significant differences between the PIKQ-UI scores of incontinent women who answered yes or no to questions about pelvic floor awareness (p&lt;.05) and seeking health care (p=0.039). The PIKQ-UI scores of incontinent women were higher than those of continent women (p=0.033). Incontinent and continent women had similar PFHKQ scores (p&gt;0.05). A difference was observed in the purpose of seeking information about the pelvic floor between women with and without incontinence (p=0.002). Conclusions: The knowledge level of incontinent women with pelvic floor awareness and who seek health care was higher than that of incontinent women without pelvic floor awareness and who do not seek health care. Pelvic floor awareness in incontinent women may contribute to healthcare seeking and increase the level of knowledge about incontinence and pelvic floor.

Isolating the effects of visual imagery on prospective memory

ABSTRACT Two experiments investigated the role of visual imagery in prospective memory (PM). In experiment 1, 140 participants completed a general knowledge quiz which included a PM task of writing a letter “X” next to any questions that referred to space. Participants either visualised themselves performing this task, verbalised an implementation intention about the task, did both, or did neither. Performance on the PM task was enhanced in both conditions involving visual imagery but not by implementation intentions alone. In experiment 2, 120 participants imagined themselves writing a letter “X” next to questions about space, or in a bizarre imagery condition imagined themselves drawing an alien next to those questions. Relative to the control condition, PM was significantly enhanced when participants imagined writing a letter “X” next to the target questions, but not by the bizarre imagery task. The findings indicate that the robust effects of imagery observed in retrospective memory also extend to PM.

Nonpharmacological pain relief for labour pain: knowledge, attitude, and barriers among obstetric care providers.

Labor pain is considered the worst pain in a woman's life. Hence, pain control should be essential to labor management at any level. There is scarce information, and there are gaps regarding the knowledge, attitude, and barriers to the utilization of nonpharmacological approaches for pain relief in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate nonpharmacological pain relief (NPPR)-related knowledge, attitudes, and barriers among obstetric care providers in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional analytical study was performed at maternity departments in Maternal and Children Hospital (MCH), Najran, Saudi Arabia, from April 1 to May 26 2023. The study involved 186 obstetric care providers (OPCs), physicians (19), nurses (144), and midwives (23). A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data and involves five main sections: demographic data, work-related data, nonpharmacological pain relief-related attitude, perceived barriers, and knowledge quiz. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) along with 95% CI was estimated to determine the factors associated with nonpharmacological pain relief-related knowledge and attitude using multivariate analysis in the binary logistic regression. Over three-quarters (79%) of obstetric care providers had adequate knowledge of nonpharmacological pain relief methods. The majority (85.5%) of the participants had a positive attitude toward NPPR in labour pain management, with the mean scores ranging from 3.55-4.23 for all sub-items. Obstetric care providers acknowledged that patient belief, lack of time, and workload were the strongest barriers to offering nonpharmacological pain relief methods for labour pain 67.6%, 64.5%, and 61.3%, respectively. In binary logistic regression analysis, the in-service training related to nonpharmacological pain relief (AOR = 5.871 (2.174-15.857), p=0.000), (AOR = 3.942 (1.926-11.380), p=0.013) and years of work experience (AOR = 1.678 (1.080-2.564), p=0.019), (AOR = 1.740 (1.188-2.548), p=0.003) were significantly associated with obstetric care providers' knowledge and attitudes regarding nonpharmacological pain relief (p≤0.05). Although most OPCs have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude regarding NPPR, they need motivational strategies to enhance their utilization. In addition, an effort should be made to decrease OPCs' workload to provide more time for NPPR application and patient education. Training courses and in-service training can play an important role in enhancing NPPR knowledge and attitude and, consequently, its application. Also, in each working unit, the policymakers should provide clear guidelines and policies that enhance and control the utilization of NPPR.

Reducing epilepsy diagnostic and treatment gaps: Standardized paediatric epilepsy training courses for health care professionals.

To evaluate improvement in knowledge and clinical behaviour among healthcare professionals after attendance at paediatric epilepsy training (PET) courses. Since 2005, 1-day PET courses have taught evidence-based paediatric epilepsy management to doctors and nurses in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. A cohort study was performed of 7528 participants attending 252 1-day PET courses between 2005 and 2020 in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and which gathered data from participants immediately after the course and then 6 months later. Training outcomes were measured prospectively in three domains (reaction, learning, and behaviour) using a mixed-methods approach involving a feedback questionnaire, a knowledge quiz before and after the course, and a 6-month survey. Ninety-eight per cent (7217 of 7395) of participants rated the course as excellent or good. Participants demonstrated knowledge gain, answering a significantly higher proportion of questions correctly after the course compared to before the course (88% [47 883 of 54 196], correct answers/all quiz answers, vs 75% [40 424 of 54 196]; p < 0.001). Most survey responders reported that the course had improved their epilepsy diagnosis and management (73% [311 of 425]), clinical service (68% [290 of 427]), and local epilepsy training (68% [290 of 427]). This was the largest evaluation of a global epilepsy training course. Participants reported high course satisfaction, showed knowledge gain, and described improvements in clinical behaviour 6 months later. PET supports the global reduction in the epilepsy 'treatment gap' as promoted by the World Health Organization.

The Saltomachy War - A Metaverse Escape Room on the War Against Salt.

Excessive salt intake is a risk factor that leads to cardiovascular diseases. Public education on healthy eating habits and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can enable consumers to make better informed choices. This study developed a Metaverse Escape Room to increase public awareness on the "War Against Salt". Known as "The Saltomachy War" (TSW), 29 participants played the game in teams to solve puzzles across five "worlds" (rooms) to "escape" the game. Median post-game knowledge quiz scores were significantly higher than the pre-game quiz scores (12/15 versus 9/15, p<0.001). All players agreed that the content in TSW was useful in daily life (100%). TSW was easy to navigate (93.1%) and majority were engaged and actively participated in gameplay (96.6%). The storyline was creative and interesting (93.1%). Almost all players liked TSW to be in their curriculum and would recommend TSW to friends and family (96.6% each).