Knowledge Of Western Medicine Research Articles

A brief analysis of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on the pathomechanism of spastic cerebral palsy in children

Pediatric spastic cerebral paralysis is a common type of pediatric cerebral palsy, and its clinical manifestations contain movement disorders, behavioral cognitive disorders, secondary musculoskeletal problems, secondary epilepsy and so on. Western Medicine believes that this is a brain disease with nerve abnormalities, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) considers that the disease is linked to abnormalities in the brain, but the radical pathogenesis is the deficiency of the liver, spleen and kidney, which can help the liver wind with blood rush to the brain. Although TCM and Western Medicine have different pathological understanding in pediatric spastic cerebral paralysis, but since the Huitong School of TCM and Western Medicine in the late Qing Dynasty, TCM and Western Medicine has been combined with Western Medicine knowledge, and we can better understand the connection among the liver, kidney, spleen and brain. Based on this background, this paper discussed the difference and connection between the perspective of Western Medicine pathology and TCM pathogenesis to analyze the mechanism of pediatric spastic cerebral paralysis.

Visual analysis of influenza treated by traditional Chinese medicine based on CiteSpace

To analyze the research status, research hotspots and frontier trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of influenza in the past 20 years through the knowledge graph, so as to provide reference basis for further research. The related literatures of TCM in the treatment of influenza were collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2000 to 2019. The relevant graphs of authors, research institutions and key words were drawn by CiteSpace 5.6, the distribution and cooperation of main research forces in this field were analyzed, and the research frontiers and hot spot information in this field were discussed. A total of 3 048 related literatures were obtained, involving 949 authors and 242 research institutions. The analysis of the number of articles showed that the volume of articles related to the treatment of influenza with TCM fluctuated greatly in the past 20 years, which was obviously affected by the sudden hot spots around 2010, but showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual volume of about 152 articles. The analysis of the author's cooperation map showed that a total of 77 core authors had published more than 5 articles, accounting for only 8.1% of all authors, and 5 authors had published more than 30 articles. Five major teams had been formed with Gu Ligang, Liu Qingquan, Lu Fangguo, Cui Xiaolan and Zhang Fengxue as the core. The analysis of the cooperation map of research institutions showed that the cooperation among institutions was not good, and only the scientific research institutes in Beijing and Guangzhou had formed a closely related cooperation network. The keyword co-occurrence map showed that 8 keywords appeared more than 100 times, especially ultra-high-frequency keywords, influenza virus ranked first (n = 518). There were 14 key nodes, such as influenza virus, TCM treatment, viral pneumonia and so on, which supported the current research field of TCM in the treatment of influenza. Fourteen clusters were formed to classify the current research hotspots, including the nomenclature of influenza, virus type, TCM treatment, western medicine knowledge, etc., and the map showed that the clustering was reasonable and the structure was significant. Timeline graph showed that parainfluenza virus, virus disease, pharmacodynamics, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, bacteriostasis and experimental research had all been studied for more than 8 years, revealing the research hotspots and trends of TCM in the treatment of influenza. The overall research related to the treatment of influenza with TCM is relatively perfect. In the future, the close cooperation among authors and institutions should be strengthened. The molecular mechanism research, clinical and animal trials of TCM should be further studied, so as to improve the research system of TCM treatment of influenza.

Professor Lu Aiping: be a good Chinese medicine doctor, need more Western medicine knowledge

The 3 rd Longhua International Forum on Digestive Disease wassuccessfully held in Shanghai on December 1 st to 2 nd ,2018, gathering many leading experts and scholars in the area of digestivedisease to share experience and techniques in this field ( Figure 1 ).This meeting is of great significance to promoting the deep exchange ofdiagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases with the combined therapy ofChinese and Western medicine. We are honored to interview Prof. Lu Aiping ( Figure2 ) during the Forum. Watch the video to learn more information ( Figure 3 ).

A Farmer Becoming a Quasi-doctor: The Daegok Diary and Rural Healthcare from the 1960s to the 1980s.

This article attempts to review the reality of rural health care in Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s by analyzing the Daegok Diary. There has been two myths about rural healthcare. One is that the absence of institutional medicine was replaced by folk medicine, which could be identified with folk remedies or shamanic healing distinguished from Western medicine. This is a frame that understands institutional and Western medicine as a pair and folk medicine and traditional medicine as another. Another popular belief is that rural healthcare had remained almost nonexistent, and only dramatically improved after the Regional Health Insurance was implemented. Of course, some claim that the Regional Health Insurance was disadvantageous to farmers, but it is generally understood that there was an absence of government policy regarding medical care. The Daegok Diary, telling many aspects of rural life, is a good source to reflect on these common notions. Unlike other farmers' diaries, the diary of Shin Kwonsik contains a wealth of medical culture records because he chose unique ways to cure his and neighbors' illnesses by himself. It can be summarized as the life of "quasi-doctor". Shin was distinguished from quacks in that he practiced as an intellectual in the village rather than as a profession, and that he learned official medical knowledge and recognized the difference between a licensed physician and himself. Also, he was different from doctors because of the lack of a medical license and the limited range of diseases that he could treat. The life of quasi-doctor shows the social structure of rural areas in Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s. The reality of rural healthcare can be summarized in two ways. First, the medical vacuum was filled by civilian efforts. There was virtually no institutional healthcare in rural areas, but the government did little to improve the situation . The policy of sending doctors to the countryside proved to be ineffective, and the community doctor system did not work properly. Health Insurance was also a system for city workers rather than farmers. In the late 1970s, the situation only slightly improved due to reasons unrelated to the government policy regarding rural healthcare. These were improvements in traffic conditions and the increasing popularity of private insurance, which improved the physical and economic accessibility to medical institutions. Second, Western medicine had become a part of folk medicine. Those who could not go to a hospital utilized Western medicine, which had penetrated the folk medical culture. When people were sick, they bought Western drugs from pharmacies, drug dealers, and sometimes quacks. The knowledge of Western medicine also spread widely, with family medical books such as Million People's Medicine as the medium. These two characteristics show that the existing myths that regard the absence of government policy as that of medical care and interpret the medical vacuum as the prevalence of folk remedies and shamanic healing are far from the truth. From the 1960s to the 1980s, gaps in institutional medicine was filled by Western medicine which had become part of the folk medicine already, and the accessibility of institutional medicine was improved through civilian efforts. Of course, the Daegok Diary shows more than the social structure of rural areas. It also reveals a lot about the man who wrote it, Shin Kwonsik. Unlike the others, Shin chose to become a quasi-doctor because of his separation from the tradition and his desire to learn. He grew up alone without parental care and later moved to Seoul by himself. This meant a break with the tradition. He joined the army in the wake of the Korean War and learned how to give injections there. After he was discharged, he devoured many books and newspapers including Million People's Medicine. In short, the existence of a quasi-doctor like Shin was the result of the combination of the absence of institutional medicine, the predominance of Western medicine, and the characteristic of Shin as a 'learning modern.'

Professor Lu Aiping: Be a good Chinese medicine doctor, need more Western medicine knowledge

The 3 rd Longhua International Forum on Digestive Disease wassuccessfully held in Shanghai on December 1 st to 2 nd ,2018, gathering many leading experts and scholars in the area of digestivedisease to share experience and techniques in this field ( Figure 1 ).This meeting is of great significance to promoting the deep exchange ofdiagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases with the combined therapy ofChinese and Western medicine. We are honored to interview Prof. Lu Aiping ( Figure2 ) during the Forum. Watch the video to learn more information ( Figure 3 ).

The publication of the Medicine News and its influence on the spread of modern-western medicines in China and its role in western medicine communication

Medicine News, first published in 1880, was the earliest western medicine journal founded in China, playing an important role in the history of Chinese modern journals and the history of western medicine communication. Today, no original copies of this journal survive in China. Quotations, citations and comments of some newspapers and periodicals on it at the time, reveal that the publication aim of this journal was to disseminate knowledge of western medicine to the Chinese people, that its editorial policy was "showing western medicine is superior to traditional Chinese medicine" , and that its communication of western medicine knowledge was also based on this policy. Medicine News reported on an international medical academic conference held in London for the first time, and it is worth mentioning that thousands of people attended the meeting. Medicine News is known to have promoted western medicine communication in China to an advanced and more up-to-date level. At the same time, its editorial policy and strategy had a great influence on the editing and publication of western medicine journals in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

Briefs of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion works of Chinese translation version in modern times

The authors collected 25 Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion works of Chinese translation version in modern times (1912-1960) and investigated them from 3 aspects, named the study on the mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion, the explanation of basic theory and clinical treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion. Generally speaking, Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion works of Chinese translation version explained the mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in terms of the theory of western medicine rather than traditional one. It proposed the study on the phenomenon of meridian and collateral, which absorbed the anatomic knowledge of western medicine in the discussion on meridians, collaterals and acupoints; introduced diagnostic methods and techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion and adopted the classification of western medicine system and the diseases in western medicine to discuss the treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion. All of these reflect the academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion in Japan at those times and the position of Chinese scholars, by which the Japanese medical works were introduced for the academic innovation.

Ten-day Periodical of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its concept of confluence of Chinese and western medicine

The Ten-day Periodical of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a TCM Journal founded by the Xiamen Professional School of Traditional Chinese Medicine in July 1934, had published a lot of essays written by many TCM physicians that interpret the concept of traditional Chinese medicine by western medicine, offering the academic way of probing confluence of Chinese and Western Medicine in Xiamen. The aim of the Journal includes "developing TCM academy" and the "confluence of TCM with western medicine" , the exploration of TCM and the penetration of Chinese and western medicine, and getting rid of blind faith on "science" to set up the belief of TCM and to prove the ideas of visceral theory and its gasification by the anatomical knowledge of western medicine. The Journal envisaged the difference between the TCM and WM, avoided blind convergence, representing the academic inheritance and progress of the era. Although the essays published might have made a forced analogy by over-praising TCM, however, its exploration and convergence of TCM and the experiences are helpful to modern scholars to properly manage the relation of TCM and WM to face the future challenge consciously.

Medicine and Morality in the Ho Family in Lijiang

I travelled to the Lijiang basin area of Yunnan province in the spring of 2014 to record and explore the ‘traditional’ knowledge and practice of Chinese medicine among the Ho family. The Ho family includes three generations of herbalists who combine Naxi medicinal plants, Chinese medicine diagnostics, and knowledge of Western medicine in their clinical practice. They have also created their own herbarium of over 1000 local plants, which they organise based on modern botanical nomenclature. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Austrian-American botanist and explorer Joseph Rock introduced Latin botanical names to the father of Ho Shixiu, currently the oldest living Ho family member. The son of Ho Shixiu, Ho Shulong, who is now its primary caretaker, however, informed us that he was influenced by books as much as by his father’s oral teachings about medicinal plants. The youngest member of this lineage is a graduate of Yunnan Chinese Medicine University and acknowledges that his knowledge base in local ecology and medicinal plants must increase if he is to carry on the lineage. My aim is to describe both the unique aspects of the Ho family’s knowledge and its transmission, and the cultural and medical elements that have influenced and enriched them. From my perspective, these different types knowledge seem to sustain and give meaning to their family-based practice lineage. I argue that we need to carry out more ethnographic work in order to understand the relationship between medical knowledge and practice, and its social, historical, and cultural context. I hope this field note is a step in that direction.

Benjamin Hobson (1816–1873): His Work as a medical missionary and influence on the practice of medicine and knowledge of anatomy in China and Japan

Benjamin Hobson was a British missionary and physician who lived in China for twenty years. He founded multiple hospitals in Southern China and used his knowledge of Western medicine to educate Chinese doctors. He wrote several medical textbooks in Chinese of which the first was the A New Theory of the Body (1851). The illustrations from his book were renditions and originals from William Cheselden's Anatomical Tables (1730) and Osteographia (1733).The Japanese version of Hobson's work appeared in Japan during the bakumatsu period (1853-1867), when Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy and began opening itself to the West. During this time, many books from Europe were translated into Chinese to then find their way into Japan. The Chinese anatomy textbook by Hobson (Quanti Xinlun) was instrumental in introducing Western anatomic knowledge to the Chinese and thereby catalyzing a significant change in the practice of medicine in China. A Japanese translation (Zen Tai Shin Ron) of this text published in the 19th century is reviewed.

The Secret of Shangri-La: Agricultural Travels and the Rise of Organic Farming Discourse

The Secret of Shangri-La: Agricultural Travels and the Rise of Organic Farming Discourse

Rationalizing the development of biomaterials with a new way of thinking

The history of biomaterials research is seriously surveyed. It is found that an immutable way of thinking for developing biomaterials is rooted deeply in Western medicine and biology. It is necessary to modify or change the current status of thinking. In this paper, the author presents an idea to research and develop biomaterials via a combined way of thinking, i.e., combining together the wisdom and knowledge of Western medicine, Chinese medicine, and other disciplines.

Discussion on cultivation of postgraduate of anesthesiology from TCM colleges

To meet the cultivation objectives of postgraduate of anesthesiology from TCM colleges, the anesthesiology department carried out reform and exploration on cultivation program. This method has trained professionals of anesthesiology with the features of integrated traditional and western medicine knowledge. Key words: Postgraduate; Cultivation program; Speciality of anesthesiology; Colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine

A Story to Create: Stroke Survivors’ Broken Narratives

In this commentary, I explore the impact on stroke survivors of the disclosure or the lack of disclosure by attending medical personnel of the limits of knowledge of Western medicine. Examining the effect of internal narratives on attention and engagement, this commentary presents the view that survivors’ internal narratives are significantly influenced by the statements of attending medical personnel. Their willingness to disclose the limits of medical knowledge can alter the outcome of recovery and the creative adaptation of a survivor’s life post stroke.

My Elective in Shanghai – Experiencing the Use of Acupuncture in China

I am a fifth year medical student at Leeds University and have just come back from my elective period visit to China. The aim of my elective was to gain experience in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), particularly looking at acupuncture which had been an interest of mine, and which had prompted my trip to China so I could see it practised in its country of origin. When I arrived I was jetlagged and disorientated yet extremely excited about beginning my elective within a culture so different from my own. I struggled to hoist my luggage into the back of a taxi outside the airport and off we went on the hour-long drive into Shanghai city centre. As we got closer the neon colours got brighter and I became more and more anxious about how I would find my way to the hotel I had booked, not knowing a single word of Chinese. I was in luck when I happened to be dropped off fairly near to another large hotel which had an English speaking receptionist who guided me towards where I needed to be. Feeling quite vulnerable with a considerable amount of luggage, in a strange place that was now dark, I began the walk to my hotel. Crossing the road was a difficult task in itself as I have never experienced such busy, chaotic roads, filled with an array of vehicles including many more bicycles and motorbikes than I was used to. I was later told to be more wary of vehicles on two wheels than four when crossing the road. It became apparent that the two-wheeled vehicles did not follow the same rules as everyone else! The next day I had to get up pretty early to make it to my first session at the acupuncture department of Yue Yang Hospital. Yue Yang is an international teaching hospital, where people come from all over the world to learn more about the practice of TCM. The hospital uses about 30% Western medicine and 70% TCM in its treatment of patients, but there are only a few doctors with knowledge of Western medicine. Most of the doctors at the hospital are keen to spread information about TCM to other countries throughout the world. One of our mentors, Dr Dong, travels fairly regularly to America where he teaches Western doctors and TCM therapists how to perform acupuncture effectively following TCM principles. TCM doctors train for about five or six years to practise acupuncture and are all highly skilled and knowledgeable about the principles of diagnosis and treatment of disease using acupuncture as well as other therapies including herbal remedies. This is quite different from the UK where acupuncture can be practised without such extensive training and knowledge, which led me to wonder whether this was the same kind of acupuncture. We spoke a lot with doctors at the hospital during their lunch breaks. Doctors like Dr Dong who had travelled abroad told us that most of the acupuncture practised in the West is practised contrary to TCM principles, that is to say, according to the meridian system and theories of energy flow through the body. He told us that this could be dangerous and so part of his work involved travelling abroad to teach people the correct way to practise acupuncture. I was shocked to hear this, as I know many people who have received acupuncture here in the UK who have said that they have received much benefit from their treatment. I told Dr Dong this and he said that short term relief can often be gained from applying needles locally to a painful area, but that this effect would not last. He also said that applying needles to certain meridians may have adverse effects on other parts of the body which connect with the same meridian. I attended my first clinic which was run very differently from any clinic I had seen in the UK. Patients did not have appointments but formed a queue outside the room. About five or six patients could be treated at any one time on beds and chairs set up within a small room, which meant there was little privacy for any of them. This, however, did not appear to bother patients in the slightest, who would Sarah Wells medical student Leeds University, UK

Introduction of the treatment method of Thai traditional medicine: its validity and future perspectives.

Thai traditional medicine is one of the most valuable heritages handed down from Thai ancestors. In spite of increasing popularity of Western modern medicine, Thai traditional medicine is still widely used in taking care of health in daily life especially among the rural Thais. For the past decade, the government and private organizations have worked in collaboration to restore the values and popularity of Thai traditional medicine. Recently, the Ministry of Public Health has promoted the use of herbal medicine, and the Center for Herbal Information has collected data and performed scientific studies on this matter. Thai Massage Restoration Project has also revised the text on Thai traditional massage, which is now widely practised. The future prospects of Thai traditional medicine are rather positive because the Foundation for Restoring Thai Traditional Medicine and the College of Ayurvedic Medicine have the program and curriculum to produce personnel on traditional medicine. They have also attempted to integrate the basic knowledge of Western medicine into the study and practice of Thai traditional medicine.

‘Asians’ knowledge and behaviour on preventive health issues: smoking, alcohol, heart disease, pregnancy, rickets, malaria prophylaxis and <italic>surma</italic>

A survey was taken of ethnic East Indians living in inner city Glasgow on their health knowledge and behavior regarding both traditional Asian and modern Western medicine. 65 persons selected from the clients at the Greater Glasgow Health Board were interviewed at home. The interviews conducted in Punjabi or through an interpreter were based on a questionnaire containing 55 open questions. The results were analyzed with the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Answers were rated as correct or incorrect and scored on a range of 1-10. Younger Asians scored higher on knowledge of Western medicine than did older persons (p<.01). Traditional medical views were reflected in adherence to taboos against alcohol by women and Muslims against smoking by women and Sikhs and against hot foods (such as lentils prawns and dried fruit) by pregnant women. 18% used surma a powder applied to the conjunctiva which may contain lead; only 25% were aware of lead poisoning as a risk. 78% cited 1 or more correct responses for dangers of smoking. 47% answered correctly on hazards of alcohol. 64% gave 1 or more correct answers regarding prevention of heart disease. 59% knew a preventive action to avoid rickets. Only 50 had anything to say about maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Very few took antimalarial drugs when visiting India although several took injections. The results showed that Asians are relatively ill-informed about health issues but seemed to be receptive to Western medical ideas.

Galen on Anatomical Procedures; The Later Books

The first 8 1/2 books of these Anatomical Procedures were translated into English from the Latin by Charles Singer in 1956. The remaining 6 1/2 books have just been translated from the Arabic by Dr. Lyons. We now possess a complete translation of this work which was the basis of anatomical and physiological knowledge of Western medicine for 1,500 years. It is written in a style which is fresh and realistic. The feeling that one is in the class with the great Galen is uncanny. To be sure we have modified much by our observations, but there is also much in Galen which is surprising. Unfortunately this text is not supplied with any illustrations which was quite a feature in the first volume. This is an excellent book for all those interested in medical history. It contains some fascinating surprises.