Knowledge Of Screening Research Articles

Assessing the impact of cervical cancer education in two high schools in Ghana.

Cervical cancer is one of the commonest female cancers in Ghana. However, it is preventable. Prevention through Human Papilloma Virus immunization and early detection by screening have their foundation in awareness and a good knowledge about the disease. Acquiring the right knowledge about cervical cancer should be earlier rather than later while mindsets are still being formed to translate into the right attitudes and behaviours later in life. An unpaired pre- and post-test quasi experimental study was conducted at two Ghanaian senior high schools. An educational intervention was carried out comprising a drama, PowerPoint lecture, question and answer session and cervical cancer information leaflet distribution. A self-administered questionnaire was given as a pre-test and repeated as a post-test after 3 months. The total score for each domain of knowledge tested was categorized into adequate knowledge (≥ 50%) and inadequate knowledge (< 50%). The number of participants in the pre- and post-test were 1,107 and 1,276 girls respectively, with average age of 16 years. General knowledge on cervical cancer improved to 94.4% from 73% following the intervention, but only 46.2% said cervical cancer was curable following the education. Knowledge on symptoms improved from 78 to 87.1% and risk factor knowledge improved from 81.8 to 89.3%. After the intervention, 37% from an initial 42% still thought that having sex at a young age (adolescence) was not a risk factor. Screening and prevention knowledge improved from 82.9 to 91% but only 37.2% knew the recommended age to begin screening with pap smears, even after the education. Overall knowledge on cervical cancer after the education significantly improved from 79.1 to 92.3%. Knowledge of cervical cancer among young girls in two High Schools, improved with the educational intervention. Areas of education to be emphasized are: cervical cancer is curable if diagnosed early, increased risk with early onset of sexual activity, and recommended age to start screening. Educating young girls on cervical cancer increases their awareness and gives them adequate knowledge which should influence their attitudes and behaviour towards cervical cancer in the future. It should be considered for adoption into high school curricula.

An educational video's impact on knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and screening among Hispanic patients

An educational video's impact on knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and screening among Hispanic patients

Perceptions of Multicancer Detection Tests Among Primary Care Physicians and Laypersons: A Qualitative Study.

Multicancer detection tests (MCDs) are blood-based tests designed to detect multiple cancer types. It is currently unclear whether these cancer screening tests improve mortality. To understand awareness of MCDs among providers and patients, as well as explore how they perceive the benefits, harms, and acceptability of MCDs, we have undertaken a focus group study in primary care physicians (PCPs) and laypersons to explore knowledge, attitudes, and expectations of cancer screening using MCDs. We conducted six focus groups with 45 PCP participants and 12 focus groups with 80 layperson participants. Participants were identified via a consumer research firm and found eligible following the completion of a screener survey. Moderators used a semi-structured guide containing open-ended questions and prompts to facilitate the discussion. Recordings were transcribed and coded line by line using a codebook developed based on questions and emerging discussion concepts, and emergent themes were identified. Both PCP and layperson participants felt the that benefits of MCDs included ease of use and potential ability to detect cancers early. However, they felt that additional data is needed to overcome some of the concerns related to MCDs. PCP participants expressed concerns related to lack of practice guidelines, cost of diagnostic follow-ups, privacy and insurance issues, fear/anxiety related to confirmation of MCD results, and malpractice liability related to perceived false negative test results. Layperson participants expressed concerns related to costs, insurance coverage, and privacy, as well as anxiety over the confirmation of a positive test result. There is a major need for more rigorous data regarding MCDs to inform the development of guidelines for use as cancer screening tools.

Mixed-methods systematic review of shared decision-making tools for cancer screening

Abstract Shared decision-making (SDM) tools hold promise for guiding informed choices in cancer screening. However, their effectiveness among underserved people, as well as the specific characteristics of these tools preferred by this group and clinicians, remains unclear. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of SDM tools for cancer screening and explored the preferences of underserved people and clinicians regarding the specific characteristics of the SDM tools. A mixed-method convergent segregated approach was employed, which involved an independent synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data. Articles were systematically selected and screened, resulting in the inclusion and critical appraisal of 55 studies. Results from the meta-analyses showed that SDM tools for cancer screening are effective in reducing decisional conflict for both the general population and the underserved, and in increasing cancer screening knowledge and intention for underserved people only. Subgroup analyses showed minimal heterogeneity for decisional conflict outcomes, measured over a six-month period. Insights from the qualitative findings revealed that underserved people highly preferred SDM tools with relevant information about cancer risk, culturally tailored content, and high accessibility, both during clinical encounters and beyond. Meanwhile, clinicians highly preferred tools that can be easily integrated into medical systems, and can effectively guide SDM, while considering their patients’ values and the limited time for consultation. There is strong evidence on the effectiveness of SDM tools in facilitating informed choice in cancer screening, especially among underserved people. However, evidence on long-term outcomes remains insufficient. Additionally, considering the difference in preferences of key stakeholders in terms of tool characteristics, fostering collaboration with them during the creation of an SDM tool for cancer screening is essential. Key messages • Shared decision-making tools are effective in increasing screening knowledge and intention among underserved people. • Considering the difference in preferences of key stakeholders in terms of tool characteristics, fostering collaboration with them during the creation of an SDM tool for cancer screening is essential.

Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women in southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study.

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, with 604,000 diagnoses and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Despite the importance of early detection, only 5% of eligible women in Ethiopia are screened. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women at selected public hospitals in southwest Ethiopia. A case-control study involving 392 women (98 cases and 294 controls) aged 15-49 was conducted across three hospitals. Cases were women aged 15 to 49 who had cervical cancer screening, while controls were reproductive-age women seeking antenatal care or family planning but not screened. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with pretested questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 25. Bivariate analysis identified candidate variables with P-values < 0.25, and a multivariable logistic regression model determined factors with P-values < 0.05 as significant for cervical cancer screening uptake. Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake included high knowledge of screening (AOR=6.23; 95%CI: 1.96, 19.79), a positive attitude toward screening (AOR=6.12; 95%CI: 2.40, 15.58), women aged 30-39 (AOR=3.94; 95%CI: 1.79, 8.63) and 40-49 (AOR=3.54; 95%CI: 1.52, 8.22), and those who reached health facilities within 60 minutes (AOR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.21, 4.45). The study pinpointed age, knowledge, attitude toward cervical cancer screening, and accessibility to health facilities within a 60-minute radius as pivotal factors impacting cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women. These findings highlight the importance of targeted education, promoting positive attitudes, and enhancing healthcare accessibility to improve screening uptake and reduce the burden of cervical cancer.

Young women's perceptions of cervical screening in the UK: a qualitative study.

To understand young women's views of cervical screening, what obstacles they face, and what encourages them when considering attending their cervical screening. Cervical screening figures have been steadily decreasing in the United Kingdom (UK). There is limited research on this trend, especially around views and knowledge of young women, aged 20-24 years, have before they are eligible for cervical screening. This qualitative study conducted 15 semi-structured Zoom in-depth interviews to discuss young women's knowledge and perceptions of cervical screening in 2022. Participants were based in the UK. Thematic analysis was used to systematically manage, analyse, and identify themes including cervical screening knowledge; perceptions of cervical screening; barriers to cervical screening; and facilitators of cervical screening. The findings demonstrate significant gaps in knowledge and negative perceptions of cervical screening. Barriers to attending cervical screening were perceived pain and embarrassment. Facilitators suggested to promote attendance were ensuring access to appointments, creating pop-up clinics, and utilising incentives. The level of knowledge demonstrated by the participants, their negatively framed perceptions; and the vast number of barriers identified present substantial factors that could affect future attendance to cervical screening. Overall, action needs to be taken to prevent decreasing cervical screening attendance rates and eradicate any barriers women may experience.

Identifying Motivators, Facilitators, and Barriers to Engagement and Retention in Anal Cancer Screening Among Men and Women with HIV in One Ryan White HIV/AIDS Clinic.

Anal squamous cell carcinoma disproportionally affects people with HIV (PWH); however, engagement in anal cancer screening is low in many settings. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and perceptions of anal cancer screening to identify factors in the engagement and retention in prevention services among PWH. Semistructured interviews were conducted among adult PWH eligible for anal cancer screening in our Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program clinic. Descriptive statistics were tabulated; thematic analyses were performed to identify emerging motivators, facilitators, and barriers. Among 26 PWH, 9 had not been screened, 8 had undergone Papanicolaou (Pap) testing alone, and 9 had undergone anoscopy. The median age of the cohort was 55.2 years; 54% identified as men who have sex with men, and 54% identified as Black. In the unscreened cohort, participants were motivated by investing in their health and positive attitudes toward cancer prevention however were deterred by a lack of referral and low awareness about screening. Among those who had Pap testing, trust in healthcare providers and abnormal testing results were motivators to engagement, whereas lack of perceived risk of anal cancer and worry about pain of an anoscopy were prominent barriers. Among those who had anoscopy, perceived risk, positive experience with the procedure, and use of anxiolytics prior to anoscopy were motivators, whereas anxiety around a new cancer diagnosis and negative experience with anoscopy were barriers. Clinics seeking to build or strengthen their anal cancer screening programs can address the barriers described in this study to promote access to anal cancer screening among PWH.

Exploring Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Participation among Singaporean Women: A Social Ecological Approach

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer screening uptake in Singapore remains suboptimal. This study employed the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to investigate factors influencing cervical cancer screening participation among Singaporean women. Methods: The study included 665 women, aged 25–69 years, who reported awareness of cancer screening and no personal cancer history. Data were collected through a previously described online survey. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors influencing screening participation. Results: Only 30% of participants reported cervical cancer screening participation. Women aged 25–29 years (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.12–0.77), Malay women (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.20–0.83), and unmarried women (OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.18–0.48) were less likely to be screened. Positive associations with screening participation were observed with good cervical cancer screening knowledge (OR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.96–4.32), awareness of primary care providers’ role in delivering screening services (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.24–3.10), cancer information seeking behavior (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.07–2.39), and acceptance of self-sampling options (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.22–2.70). Conclusions: Our study highlights the cumulative impact of factors at various SEM levels on screening participation and underscores the necessity for more targeted and multi-pronged strategies to improve cervical cancer screening uptake in Singapore.

Knowledge related to breast cancer screening programs by physicians in Brazil.

Antonini et al. evaluated gynecologists', obstetricians', and family and community physicians knowledge of breast cancer screening and their adherence to recommendations defined by the BI-RADS™ system. The study demonstrated that inadequate training resulted in insufficient screening and failure to follow the protocols recommended by the BIRADS™ system. ■ Variability in screening protocols: only 42.8% of gynecologists and obstetricians follow the 40-74 years protocol, while 76.6% of family physicians follow the 50-69 years protocol. ■ High rate of incorrect BIRADS. interpretation: there were 46.3% incorrect responses among gynecologists and obstetricians and 77.9% among family physicians, highlighting significant knowledge gaps. ■ Misconception about breast ultrasound: 39.1% of gynecologists and obstetricians and 20.3% of family physicians incorrectly consider ultrasound as a screening method. ■ Impact of inadequate training: inadequate training leads to improper screening practices that do not align with the BIRADS. recommended guidelines. To evaluate the knowledge and practices of gynecologists, obstetricians, and family and community physicians in Brazil regarding breast cancer screening, mammographic findings defined by the BIRADS™ system, and their approach to suspected clinical lesions. This was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted using an online research questionnaire distributed via email to 9,000 gynecologists and obstetricians and 5,600 family and community and preventive medicine doctors actively practicing in Brazil. Among gynecologists and obstetricians, 42.8% follow the 40-74 years screening, 33.5% follow the 50-69 years screening, and 23.6% do not follow any specific protocol. Among the family and community physicians, 76.6% follow the 50-69 years screening protocol, and 23.4% do not follow any specific protocol. When we evaluated the responses regarding the behaviors of each BIRADS™ classification, 46.3% of responses were wrong among gynecologists and obstetricians, and 77.9% were wrong among community and preventive medicine doctors, exhibiting a significant difference. The role of breast ultrasound in screening was evaluated; 39.1% of gynecologists and obstetricians and 20.3% of community and preventive medicine doctors consider it as a screening method. Among gynecologists and obstetricians who do not follow any screening protocol, 94.7% consider ultrasound as a screening method. Among community and preventive medicine doctors, only 26.5% of physicians who follow the 50-69 years screening method consider it as a screening method. Inadequate training results in gynecologists and obstetricians, and family and community physicians performing inadequate screening and not following the recommended practices outlined in the BIRADS™ system.

Barriers and facilitators for adherence to follow-up by HR-HPV-positive women with premalignant cervical lesions: a mixed-design study in Mexico

BackgroundMexico reports low follow-up completion rates among women with abnormal cervical cancer screenings. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to follow-up adherence among women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and premalignant cervical lesions in Mexico.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted from February to April 2019. Participants included women undergoing follow-up care for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and premalignant lesions, along with health personnel from the Women’s Healthcare Center (CAPASAM) in Mexico. Quantitative data were obtained from the Women’s Cancer Information System and through a questionnaire about factors affecting follow-up adherence. Additionally, the health personnel involved completed a compliance checklist regarding care regulations. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with both groups, followed by a content analysis based on identified categories. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System confirmed care process risks. Proposals to enhance the Early Detection Program for Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer were collected from a CAPASAM health personnel nominal group.ResultsIdentified barriers to follow-up included low income among CAPASAM users, family provider roles limiting time for appointments, long waits for testing and results delivery, distant facilities, insufficient service hour communication, inadequate health personnel training, and a lack of systematic counseling. Hesitation toward follow-up was also linked to shame, apprehension, uncertainty, test aversion, fear of positive results, and limited cervical cancer and screening knowledge. Patriarchal attitudes of partners and limited access to the now-discontinued PROSPERA government program further discouraged follow-up. Facilitators comprised respectful treatment by CAPASAM staff, no-cost services, health campaigns, and positive user attitudes.ConclusionsThe study found more barriers than facilitators to follow-up adherence, highlighting the need for strategies to bolster the Early Detection Program. Future strategies must address the comprehensive array of factors and incorporate stakeholder perspectives.

Cross-sectional study of assessment of lung cancer (LC) screening awareness in an underserved community in the Bronx, New York.

155 Background: LC remains the second most diagnosed cancer but is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA, accounting for 21% of all cancer deaths. Despite advances in screening and treatment, it remains the principal cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Notably, survival rates have improved from 21% to 25% over the past 5 years. However, LC screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is underutilized, with only 5.8% of eligible individuals screened in 2021. Methods: A prospective 29-question survey was conducted at St. Barnabas Health Care System in the Bronx, NY, from February to April 2024. The survey included patients aged 50-80, both former and active smokers. Data on demographics, social determinants, and knowledge of LC and LDCT screening were collected and processed using JASP Version 0.18.3. The study aimed to assess the community's knowledge of lung cancer screening, with demographic characteristics as secondary outcomes. Results: From all the surveys collected, 115 met the inclusion criteria, 53% male (61) and 47% female (54), with no significant difference between proportions (p=0.576). The median age was 63 years. Race: 73% were Hispanic, 22% Black, and 5% White, with significant differences from an equal distribution (p&lt; 0.001). Legal Status, citizens (74%), followed by green card holders (17%). Most of the patients lived in the USA for over 20 years (90%), with very few having lived for less than five years (1%), indicating a long-term residency trend (p &lt; 0.001). Education Level: high school education was the most common (58%), followed by middle school (17%) and elementary school (15%). Doctorate and graduate degrees were less common (7%). 91% of patients were aware of the relationship between cigarette smoking and LC, while 9% did not (p&lt;0.001). On the other hand, 66% believed there was a relationship between e-cigarette use and LC, while 44% believed there was not. Patients with an income greater than $50,000 have significantly more knowledge of the screening tool for LC (STLC), as indicated by a Chi-square value of 50.87 (p &lt; 0.05, with a critical value of 5.99). Patients with low education levels have less knowledge of the existing STLC, with a Chi-square of 143.587 (p&lt;0.05 and a critical value of 9.488). Conclusions: Our study highlights critical disparities in LC awareness and knowledge of screening tools among different demographic groups. There is a clear need for targeted educational initiatives, especially for lower-income and less-educated populations, to improve understanding of LC risks associated with both traditional and electronic cigarette use. The significant presence of long-term Hispanic residents suggests that culturally tailored interventions could be particularly effective. Addressing these gaps is essential for enhancing lung cancer prevention and early detection efforts across diverse communities.

Factors Affecting the Integration of Pediatric TB Screening in Kabale District of Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study.

Globally, >1.1 million children had tuberculosis (TB) and >214,000 died in 2022. The integration of pediatric TB screening should help in the identification and management of cases among children attending clinics at entry points. This study aimed to establish the extent of integrating pediatric TB screening into mainstream childcare activities and the factors affecting integration of TB screening among children. A cross-sectional design using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Simple random sampling was used to select and observe 40 participants for integration of TB screening in the routine assessment of children. Twenty key informants were interviewed and two focus group discussions conducted on the integration of pediatric TB screening. Of the 302 children assessed, only 41.1% underwent pediatric TB screening integrated in their assessment. A binary logistic regression model using Wald chi-square showed that a cadre having worked at outpatient department (OPD) and young child clinic (YCC) significantly affected integration, with a p-value of 0.002 and 95% CI (1.040-1.152) and a p-value of 0.002 and 95% CI (1.000-1.519). Participants who had 3 to 5 years in service were 7.05 times more likely to integrate pediatric TB screening at the OPD and Cadres who had over 6 years in service were 6.32 times more likely at the YCC. Being a nurse or a midwife was associated with an increased likelihood of integrating pediatric tuberculosis screening. Knowledge, skills, and confidence gaps in screening and assessing for tuberculosis in children among staff and lack of necessary logistics were identified barriers. The integration of pediatric TB screening in routine assessments at the OPD/YCC was low. Focus more on HC IIIs to improve health workers' involvement and capacity to integrate TB screening at entry points in health facilities and provide logistics.

S396 Assessing the Knowledge and Practice of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Ghanaian Healthcare Providers

S396 Assessing the Knowledge and Practice of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Ghanaian Healthcare Providers

Evaluating Physician Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Screening and Supplementation for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Metformin.

Long-term metformin use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency. This study aims to evaluate physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Vitamin B12 screening and supplementation in this context. A survey was administered to physicians across various specialties in government hospitals and primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to January 2020. The survey assessed their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning Vitamin B12 deficiency screening and supplementation. Of the 402 participating physicians, 94.0% (378 respondents) demonstrated sufficient knowledge about Vitamin B12 deficiency. However, 26.1% believed that Vitamin B12 supplementation does not necessitate screening. 55.7% did not prescribe Vitamin B12 prophylactically, 41.5% omitted neurological examinations in patients presenting with neuropathy, and 22.4% were unaware of the recommended Vitamin B12 supplement dose. Only 49.8% routinely screened for Vitamin B12 deficiency in symptomatic patients. Physicians with more extended years of experience showed significantly better knowledge about Vitamin B12 screening and supplementation (p<0.001). While most physicians were knowledgeable about Vitamin B12 deficiency and supplementation, a substantial gap in translating this knowledge into practice was observed. There is a critical need for institutional oversight to ensure adherence to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for Vitamin B12 screening and supplementation in T2DM patients on long-term metformin therapy.

Abstract A096: Differences by nativity status in knowledge of and adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines: A Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) study

Abstract Introduction: While immigrants initially demonstrate better health relative to those US-born, with longer length of US residency, immigrants tend to experience increased risk of many diseases – including breast cancer (BC) – compared to those US-born. However, immigrants are less likely to access preventive health services like BC screenings. Fortunately, research suggests that improved knowledge of BC screening guidelines can lead to increased guideline adherence. This project aimed to describe BC screening guideline knowledge and adherence among female Ohioans over 40 years old and to identify how these characteristics differed by nativity status. Methods: The Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) project was a survey of Ohio residents focused on identifying factors contributing to cancer disparities. Wave 1 occurred in 2017-2018. Participants were asked about their knowledge of BC screening guidelines using the item, “At what age are most women supposed to start having mammograms?” The correct age was 40 years. Participants were also asked about their adherence to BC screening guidelines using the item, “How long ago has it been since you had your last mammogram?” Participants were up to date with screening if their last mammogram was within one year. Nativity status was foreign-born or US-born. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe knowledge of and adherence to BC screening guidelines. To identify how BC screening knowledge and adherence differed by nativity status, chi-square tests assessing differences in the frequencies of these factors for those foreign-born and US-born were used. Results: The study sample included 307 women over age 40: 18.6% were foreign-born, 32.2% were Black, non-Hispanic, and the mean age was 61.3 years (SD=7.1). The percentage of women with correct knowledge of BC screening guidelines was 52.4% (n=161). The percentage of women up to date with guidelines was 75.9% (n=233), of which 13.3% (n=31) were foreign- born. Overall, women with correct knowledge were more likely to be up to date with guidelines than were those with incorrect knowledge (43.0% vs. 32.9%; χ 2 p=0.01). This relationship was also observed among US-born women (47.2% vs. 33.6%; χ 2 p=0.04). However, foreign-born women with correct knowledge were no more likely to be up to date with guidelines than were foreign-born women with incorrect knowledge (24.6% vs. 29.8%; χ 2 p=0.42). Conclusions: Half of female Ohioans over age 40 had correct knowledge of BC screening guidelines and three- quarters were up to date with guidelines. More US-born than foreign-born women had correct knowledge of and were up to date with guidelines. A significant association existed between knowledge of BC screening guidelines and being up to date with guidelines among women overall and US-born women, but not among foreign-born women. Future research should identify strategies to improve knowledge of BC screening guidelines among foreign-born women, which may increase their BC screening uptake. Citation Format: Katarina M. Bischof, Mohamed I. Elsaid, Chloe M. Hery, Ryan D. Baltic, Cecilia R. DeGraffinreid, Chasity M. Washington, Electra D. Paskett. Differences by nativity status in knowledge of and adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines: A Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A096.

Knowledge and Perception of Prostate Cancer Screening among Male Employees of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria

Introduction: The burden of prostate cancer has steadily increased over the years. Patients in developed countries present with the disease early but contrastingly, men in developing countries present late leading to higher mortality in these countries. This variation in presentation is essentially because of differences in screening for the disease which usually depends on knowledge and perception of screening among men. This study assessed the knowledge and screening of prostate cancer screening among men in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methods: The study employs a descriptive cross-sectional study of 211 men who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of prostate cancer was graded as adequate or inadequate while perception was categorised as good or poor both using mean scores. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22 and presented as tables. P&lt; 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 55.90±7.80 years and most of them (98.6%) had tertiary education as the highest level of education. About three-fifths (58.8%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge while 41.2% had inadequate knowledge about prostate cancer screening. More than half (53.1%) of the respondents had a good perception of prostate cancer screening while 46.9% had a poor perception. The occupation had statistically significant associations with the perception of participants of prostate cancer screening. Conclusion: Knowledge and perception were good among participants who were mostly educated. Occupation was also significantly associated with perception. Educated men may be deployed as peer educators for prostate cancer.

Cancer Screening, Knowledge, and Fatalism among Chinese, Korean, and South Asian Residents of New York City.

Asian New York City residents have the lowest cancer screening uptake across race and ethnicity. Few studies have examined screening differences across Asian ethnic subgroups in New York City. Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed using multivariable logistic and multinomial regression analyses. Differences among Chinese, Korean, and South Asian adults in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening uptake; breast and colorectal cancer screening knowledge; and cancer fatalism were examined. Associations between breast and colorectal cancer screening knowledge and their uptake were also assessed along with associations between cancer fatalism and breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening uptake. Korean women reported 0.52 times [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.89] lower odds of Pap test uptake compared with Chinese women; South Asian adults had 0.43 times (95% CI, 0.24-0.79) lower odds of colorectal cancer screening uptake compared with Chinese adults. Korean adults reported 1.80 times (95% CI, 1.26-2.58) higher odds of knowing the correct age to begin having mammograms compared with Chinese adults; South Asian adults had 0.67 times (95% CI, 0.47-0.96) lower odds of knowing the correct age to begin colorectal cancer screening compared with Chinese adults. Korean adults had 0.37 times (95% CI, 0.27-0.53) lower odds of reporting cancer fatalism compared with Chinese adults. Low cancer screening uptake among Asian American adults, low screening knowledge, and high cancer fatalism were found. Cancer screening uptake, knowledge, and fatalism varied by ethnic subgroup. Findings indicate the need for ethnicity-specific cultural and linguistic tailoring for future cancer screening interventions.

Comparative Effectiveness of Decision Aids for Cancer-Screening Decision Making: An Overview of Reviews.

Decision aids (DAs), compared to no DAs, help improve the key aspects of shared decision-making, including increased knowledge, discussion frequency, and reduction in decisional conflict. However, systematic reviews have reported varied conclusions on screening uptake, and which DAs are superior to alternative forms in shared decision-making for cancer screening has not been comprehensively reviewed. An overview of systematic reviews was performed. Multiple databases were searched up to December 31, 2023, for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized comparative studies (NRCSs) of any size that assessed a decision aid aimed to facilitate cancer-screening decision making communications. Dual screening of abstracts and full-text reports, dual data extraction and quality assessment, and qualitative synthesis were performed. The 22 eligible publications included 24 reviews on cancer screening DAs for a single specific cancer (8, 8, 7, and 1 on prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively) and three reviews on multiple aggregate cancers. Individual reviews were based on different primary study designs (92 RCTs and 37 NRCSs); each study was infrequently cited (median citation count 2; range 1-9). Although the DAs had variable formats and delivery methods, the reviews generally focused on use and non-use comparisons. DAs decreased the intention or actual uptake for prostate and breast cancer screening, but increased it for colorectal cancer screening. DAs were associated with increased knowledge, well-informed choice, and reduced decisional conflict, regardless of cancer type. Only four reviews on comparative effectiveness between alternative formats of DAs (based on 14 RCTs and 2 NRCSs) failed to conclude on the specific format that was superior to others. DAs improve cancer screening shared decision-making by boosting cancer screening knowledge and informed choice and lowering decisional conflict and may facilitate preference-based, individualized screening participation. Comparative data on different cancer screening DAs are limited. PROSPERO, CRD42021235957.

The skinny on skin: The role of skin-aware professionals in skin cancer surveillance.

Licensed nonmedical, skin-aware professionals (e.g., hairdressers, massage therapists, etc.) have the potential to identify skin cancer, but baseline knowledge may not be sufficient to accomplish this goal. Following educational intervention, self-efficacy is one of the best surrogate metrics for behavior change. Curricula that increase knowledge and confidence levels can improve screening behaviors, but few have been tested for efficacy in this population AIMS: We assessed whether an online curriculum could reliably improve skin screening knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nonmedical professionals PATIENTS/METHODS: Skin-aware professionals were recruited through the Oregon Health Authority and IMPACT Melanoma TM. Participants completed a pre-survey, online training module, post-survey, and one-year follow-up survey. We evaluated participants' indicated levels of concern for suspicious and nonsuspicious lesions relative to "gold standard" physician ratings. We also assessed confidence and self-reported behavior change regarding talking to clients about skin cancer and recommending they see a provider to evaluate suspicious lesions RESULTS: The pre-survey was completed by 9872 skin-aware professionals; 5434 completed the post-survey, and 162 completed the one-year follow-up survey. Participants showed a significant improvement in ability to indicate the correct level of concern for all lesion types in concordance with "gold standard" physician ratings (p < 0.001). Participants reported increased comfort levels in discussing health-related topics with their clients posttraining CONCLUSIONS: Our training module effectively increased skin-aware professionals' knowledge, confidence, and concern for malignant lesions. Skin-aware professionals may serve as a valuable extension of the skin self-exam, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these curricula long-term, including potential downstream consequences.

"In the Village That She Comes from, Most of the People Don't Know Anything about Cervical Cancer": A Health Systems Appraisal of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services in Tanzania.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. It is the most common cancer in Tanzania, resulting in about 9772 new cases and 6695 deaths each year. Research has shown an association between low levels of risk perception and knowledge of the prevention, risks, signs, etiology, and treatment of cervical cancer and low screening uptake, as contributing to high rates of cervical cancer-related mortality. However, there is scant literature on the perspectives of a wider group of stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, healthcare providers (HCPs), and women at risk), especially those living in rural and semi-rural settings. The main objective of this study is to understand knowledge and perspectives on cervical cancer risk and screening among these populations. We adapted Risso-Gill and colleagues' framework for a Health Systems Appraisal (HSA), to identify HCPs' perspective of the extent to which health system requirements for effective cervical cancer screening, prevention, and control are in place in Tanzania. We adapted interview topic guides for cervical cancer screening using the HSA framework approach. Study participants (69 in total) were interviewed between 2014 and 2018-participants included key stakeholders, HCPs, and women at risk for cervical cancer. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis methodology. Seven themes emerged from our analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups: (1) knowledge of the role of screening and preventive care/services (e.g., prevention, risks, signs, etiology, and treatment), (2) training and knowledge of HCPs, (3) knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women at risk, (4) beliefs about cervical cancer screening, (5) role of traditional medicine, (6) risk factors, and (7) symptoms and signs. Our results demonstrate that there is a low level of knowledge of the role of screening and preventive services among stakeholders, HCPs, and women living in rural and semi-rural locations in Tanzania. There is a critical need to implement more initiatives and programs to increase the uptake of screening and related services and allow women to make more informed decisions on their health.