Knowledge Of Oral Rehydration Therapy Research Articles

Prevalence of Oral Rehydration Therapy Use During the Diarrheal Episode and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Under-Five Children Visiting Public Health Facilities in North Showa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

BackgroundOral rehydration therapy reduces mortality and morbidity due to diarrheal diseases. However, Oral rehydration therapy remains to be underused worldwide and particularly in low-income countries. This study aims to assess the prevalence of oral rehydration therapy use during diarrheal episode and associated factors among mothers of under-five children visiting public health facilities in North Showa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.MethodologyInstitutional based cross-sectional study design was employed for one month in June 2020. A structured interview administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into EPI-info 3.5.2 then transported to SPSS 21 version. Descriptive statistical analysis was done, and an association between dependent variables and independent variables were examined in logistic regression models.ResultsThe overall prevalence of oral rehydration therapy use during diarrheal episode was 51.5%. Maternal literacy [AOR= 2.175, 95% CI: (1.178, 4.015)], mothers occupation being farmer [AOR= 0.394, 95% CI: (0.203, 0.762)], post natal care visit [AOR= 2.565, 95% CI: (1.468, 4.480)] and good knowledge of oral rehydration therapy [AOR= 1.919, 95% CI: (1.132, 3.253)] were significantly associated with oral rehydration therapy use.ConclusionIn this study oral rehydration therapy use was moderate. Maternal literacy, good knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, maternal occupation being a farmer, and postnatal care visit were the independent predictors of oral rehydration therapy use. Therefore, programmers and stakeholders who are working on child health programs should design interventions that focus on factors deterring child oral rehydration therapy use during diarrheal episode morbidity and mortality.

Predictors of Oral Rehydration Therapy use among under-five children with diarrhea in Eastern Ethiopia: a community based case control study

BackgroundRehydration therapy is a critical intervention to save the lives of children during the episodes of diarrhea. However, millions of children die every year due to failure to replace fluid effectively. The objective of this study was to identify the predictors of Oral Rehydration Therapy use among under-five children with diarrhea.MethodA community based unmatched case control study was conducted in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, in February, 2011. The cases were 241 under-five children with diarrhea in the preceding two weeks before the survey and who had received Oral Rehydration Therapy while the controls were 253 under-five children with diarrhea in the preceding two weeks before the survey and who had not received Oral Rehydration Therapy. The cases and the controls were compared to find out the factors that were associated with the utilization of Oral Rehydration Therapy.ResultThe study revealed that caregivers’ previous experience of Oral Rehydration Therapy use (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI = 2.63–6.22), seeking advice or treatment from health facilities, (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.06–5.11) and knowledge of Oral Rehydration Therapy (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.97–4.85) were found to be the positive determinants of Oral Rehydration Therapy use. Perception of teething as a cause of diarrhea was negatively associated with the utilization of Oral rehydration Therapy (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.37–0.98).ConclusionHealth education should be strengthened on the benefit, preparation, early initiation of Oral Rehydration Therapy and the causes of diarrhea. Attention should be given to those who do not have previous experience of Oral Rehydration Therapy use and have less frequent contacts with the health facilities.

Home management of childhood diarrhoea: Need to intensify campaign

A review of home management of childhood diarrhea in under-five children among 203 Nigerian mothers was carried out over a period of 3 months in order to ascertain how effectively they manage their children with diarrhea outside a hospital setup (infrastructural health facility). Mothers whose children had diarrhea, with or without other symptoms, and presented at the Children's Out Patient unit (CHOP), of the UNTH over the study period were consecutively interviewed through a questionnaire designed for the study. The questionnaires were designed and administered by the authors. There were 30 mothers in social class 1; 59 in social class 2; 52 in social class 3; 13 in social class 4, and 7 mothers in social class 5. Information was obtained on the method of detection, causes of diarrhea, and treatment including their knowledge and use of oral rehydration salts with or without anti diarrheal and antibacterial agents. Out of the 203 mothers interviewed, 140 (71%) correctly defined diarrhea. 112 (55.2%) could identify correct causes of childhood diarrhea. Only 80 (39.4%) could correctly manage diarrhea at home. About 76% (154 mothers) knew that they should use an oral rehydration salt; of this number, 56 (27.6%) could correctly prepare SSS, while 29 (14.3%) could do the same for the UNICEF ORS. In addition, anti bacterial, anti-diarrheal, and/or herbal preparations were used by 38 (18.7%) of the mothers. The level of knowledge of oral rehydration therapy has dropped in our locality since its inception in the early 1990s. There is need to intensify maternal education in this area since we now have a new generation of mothers who were not there during the inception of the program.

Acute Diarrhoea: Mothers’ Knowledge of ORT and Its Usage in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

KEYWORDS Diarrhoea. Under-fives. ORT. Maternal Knowledge. Health Promotion. Nigeria. ABSTRACT This paper explores indigenous Nigerian perceptions of childhood diarrhoea and its treatment pattern among health care givers in Ibadan metropolis. Furthermore, the paper also addresses the cultural interpretations of dehydration and the perceptions of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It is suggested that in promoting the use of ORT by the Nigerian government and other collaborative international agencies, the socio-cultural context of the people should be taken into consideration in designing appropriate intervention strategies.

Knowledge and belief of nursing mothers on nutritional management of acute diarrhoea in infants, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in Nigeria, and this contributes substantially to childhood mortality. Culturally related food restriction and reduction in feeding frequency during common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoeal diseases further contributes to the burden of malnutrition and thus to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing mothers with respect to food restriction during acute diarrhoea in Ibadan, South West Nigeria. This single round cross-sectional study adopted a purposive sampling procedure to select 250 nursing mothers aged between 17 and 45 years from the sick-baby and immunization clinics of two health facilities in Ibadan, between November 2003 and February 2004. Information on nutritional management of acute diarrhoea was collected with a structured intervieweradministered questionnaire and two focus group discussions exploring food withdrawal practices during acute diarrhoea. Data analysis was done using SPSS 11.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated to test for associations. About half (46.8%) of the respondents had secondary education. Only 6.0% had knowledge of nutritional management of diarrhoea while 54.8% had knowledge of oral rehydration therapy. Seventy-one percent of respondents reported food withdrawal during acute diarrhoea in infants, 44% also reported reduction in breastfeeding frequency during acute diarrhoea and more than two-thirds of these (71.2%) cited cultural reasons for withholding breastfeeding. Mothers’ educational level had no significant effect on their knowledge of nutritional management of acute diarrhoea in infants (p =0.610). Mothers’ knowledge of nutritional management of acute diarrhoea had a significant effect on their attitude (p = 0.03) but not on their practice (p = 0.257). Relatives and health care providers were the sources of advice on food restriction/withdrawal during acute diarrhoea. Appropriate nutritional management during acute illness is important, and this has been found to be deficient among caregivers in the family setting. Targeting appropriate health and nutrition education to caregivers particularly mother would reduce morbidity and mortality commonly associated with childhood diarrhoea.Key words: Infants, diarrhoea, food restriction, mothers

Commentary: Understanding practical lot quality assurance sampling

Commentary: Understanding practical lot quality assurance sampling

Social, economic, health and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in three Central Asian Republics

To investigate the comparative effect of social, economic, health and environmental characteristics on the nutritional status of children aged <3 years in Central Asia. Cross-sectional analysis using data from Demographic and Health Surveys. Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Information on demographic health was gathered by Macro International Inc., Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan governments from a random sample of 14 067 households in the three countries. Anthropometric measurements were performed using standardized procedures on all children <3 years of age (n 2358). Only children with plausible Z-scores (n 1989) were selected for subsequent analyses. The main results indicated that country of residence, number of people in household, household wealth, birth weight, age of child, knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, maternal education, number of children <5 years of age and source of drinking water were strong predictors of child nutritional status in these countries. Furthermore, chronic malnutrition was most prevalent in all three countries but at varied levels. An unexpected finding was that fully vaccinated children were more likely to be malnourished than children who were partially vaccinated. A further unexpected finding was that breast-feeding especially in children >6 months old had a strong negative association with stunting and underweight. In summary, the results from both the descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis are similar in terms of the explanatory variables and the statistical significance in the models.

Diarrheal illness in a cohort of children 0–2 years of age in rural Bangladesh: I. Incidence and risk factors

To describe clinical characteristics and age- and season-specific incidences of diarrheal episodes, and to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease. A total of 252 infants from rural Bangladesh were followed through household surveillance for 2 y from birth during the years 1993-1996. Demographic and household determinants were linked to the probability of illness using logistic regression models. The overall incidence of diarrhea was 4.25 episodes per child per year. Peak rates of overall, acute, and persistent diarrhea occurred in the 6-11-mo and 12-17-mo age groups. Diarrheal rates peaked during the spring and summer. Among host-related characteristics, having a sibling in the household and having had prior diarrhea were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Among environmental characteristics, spring season remained a highly statistically significant risk factor for diarrhea. Diarrheal disease continues to be a substantial burden in young children in rural Bangladesh. Most diarrheal episodes are of short duration, and should primarily be treated with oral rehydration therapy to prevent diarrhea-related mortality. Improved knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, feeding during episodes to prevent further malnutrition, prolonged breastfeeding, and the keeping of livestock in corralled areas of the home are advocated.

Diarrheal illness in a cohort of children 0–2 years of age in rural Bangladesh: I. Incidence and risk factors

Abstract Aim: To describe clinical characteristics and age‐ and season‐specific incidences of diarrheal episodes, and to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease. Methods: A total of 252 infants from rural Bangladesh were followed through household surveillance for 2 y from birth during the years 1993–1996. Demographic and household determinants were linked to the probability of illness using logistic regression models. Results: The overall incidence of diarrhea was 4.25 episodes per child per year. Peak rates of overall, acute, and persistent diarrhea occurred in the 6–11‐mo and 12–17‐mo age groups. Diarrheal rates peaked during the spring and summer. Among host‐related characteristics, having a sibling in the household and having had prior diarrhea were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Among environmental characteristics, spring season remained a highly statistically significant risk factor for diarrhea. Conclusion: Diarrheal disease continues to be a substantial burden in young children in rural Bangladesh. Most diarrheal episodes are of short duration, and should primarily be treated with oral rehydration therapy to prevent diarrhea‐related mortality. Improved knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, feeding during episodes to prevent further malnutrition, prolonged breastfeeding, and the keeping of livestock in corralled areas of the home are advocated.

Knowledge and Utilization of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) among Mothers in Enugu, Nigeria: A Health Facility Survey

Objectives A health-facility survey was done to determine the knowledge and utilization of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) among 400 mothers resident in Enugu. Methods A systematic sample from a list of mothers attending the immunization clinic of the Institute of Child Health (ICH) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu was interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Results A pre-survey awareness of ORT was noted among 97.5% of the mothers. The beneficial effects of ORT were seen by 57.3% of the mothers as replenishment of lost energy and 37.5% as fluid and salt replacement. Although 77.0% of the respondents could not describe correctly the preparation of salt-sugar solution (SSS)/oral rehydration salt solution (ORS), a high ORT utilization rate of 74.6% was recorded. ORT as a modality of managing childhood diarrhoea remained totally acceptable to 89.5% of the mothers. Conclusion Many Mothers, although they accept and use ORT/SSS, could not accurately describe the methods of preparation of ORS/SSS. It is recommended that maternal perception of the role of ORT should be utilized by health personnel to promote its use, while routine training of caregivers on the preparation of SSS/ORS should be intensified during health education sessions. Key Words: Knowledge of ORT, utilization of ORT, mothers, routine training. Orient Journal of Medicine Vol.15(1&2) 2003: 45-48

Brief report. Awareness claims versus actual knowledge of oral rehydration therapy and the salt sugar solution in northeastern Nigeria

Focus group discussions involving rural and urban residents drawn from Kanuri and Bura settlements, were conducted as part of an on-going survey of the perception and treatment of diarrhoea among major ethnic groups in northeastern Nigeria. Awareness of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was universal among participants, but knowledge of its function and the preparation of the sugar salt solution (SSS) was markedly deficient among the Kanuris, especially in rural areas. Reported SSS use parallel the knowledge of ORT function/SSS preparation and seemed heightened by church-fellowship activities among the rural Buras. Surprisingly, tasting was apparently not realised by participants to be an important step in SSS preparation. These preliminary results suggest that knowledge of ORT function and SSS preparation need further emphasis in ORT awareness campaigns, and that religion-based activities could be a potent and actualizable method of ORT promotion.