Knowledge Of Key Danger Signs Research Articles

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among recently delivered women in Hargeisa town, Somaliland: A community-based cross-sectional study.

About 287,000 mothers lost their lives due to pregnancy and delivery in 2020 worldwide. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is an approach used to utilize the timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal services. Preparing mothers for childbirth and against its dangers has great importance in reducing maternal mortality. Little is known about BPCR and influencing factors in Hargeisa town, Somaliland. To assess the level of BPCR and its associated factors among recently delivered women in Hargeisa. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in September 2022 among 300 women who delivered in the one-year time interval before the study period. A census was done to identify the women, and then they were selected by simple random sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-structured questionnaire. A woman was considered prepared for birth if she made preparations for at least three of the BPCR components. Data were cleaned, entered, and analyzed using SPSS V.25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with a cut-point of 0.05 significance level. From a total of 300 women, 38.3% had good knowledge of BPCR, and only one-fourth (25%) were prepared for birth and its complications. Access and media usage (AOR = 9.64, CI 1.09-82.248), receiving health education about BPCR (AOR = 3.75, CI 1.01-13.87), giving birth at health institutions (AOR = 6.02, CI 1.39-25.95), and good knowledge of key danger signs of pregnancy (AOR = 0.017, CI 0.004-0.069) were factors significantly associated with BPCR practice. The study identified that the BPCR level was very low compared to many other studies. Such a low BPCR level may have a negative impact on maternal health and lives, hindering interventions conducted to reduce maternal mortality rates. All concerned bodies should consider the importance of awareness creation regarding BPCR in their core interventions.

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Pregnant Women Attending an Urban Health Centre in Surat, India

Background: Birth preparedness is strategy to reduce MMR. It includes knowledge of key danger signs; identification of: birth place; birth attendant, fund, transport and compatible blood donor for emergency use. This study aims to explore birth preparedness in Surat and determine factors associated with it. Methods: Study conducted facility based cross-sectional study among 310 antenatal women at Urban Health Training Centre attached to Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat. Predesigned, semi- structured, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection after informed written consent. Result: A total of 310 women participated in the study. Mean age of participants was 22.9+ 3.6 years. Almost one-third (30.3%) participants were illiterate. Almost six-tenth (61.9%) participants were involved in unskilled or semi-skilled work and two-fifth (38.1%) participants were homemakers. Majority of participants (96.7%) were registered in first trimester. Most known factor during pregnancy as danger sign was bleeding (81.9%). BPACR index was calculated as ∑Indicator/7 which was observed to be 62.3%. There was statistically significant association between awareness about health problems during pregnancy and type of family. Conclusion: Raising awareness regarding components of BPACR among antenatal women will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in antenatal women and achieve the sustainable development goal.

Knowledge, practice of and factors influencing birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary institution in South-Western Nigeria

Pregnancy and child birth are normal physiological processes expected to be uneventful with a fruitful outcome of a healthy mother and baby(ies). However, every pregnant woman faces the risk of sudden unpredictable complications that could lead to injury to herself, her infant or even death. Furthermore, no one can reliably predict pregnancy related complications and its outcome, hence the need to be birth prepared and complication ready. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, practice of and factors influencing birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary in a South-Western, Nigeria.
 The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design utilizing quantitative approach. One hundred and forty-six (146) consenting pregnant women participated in this study. Data were manually collected and analyzed electronically with the use of SPSS computer software version 23.
 The results showed that more than half of the respondents 74 (50.7%) had overall poor knowledge of BPCR while majority of the respondents 88 (60.3%) had good overall practice of BPCR. The findings revealed that factors influencing practice of BPCR were inadequate prenatal education (82.2%), knowledge of key danger signs (80.8%), poverty and place of residents (80.1%), educational level (70.5%) and family size (60.3%). There was a significant relationship between the knowledge and practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness, with a p-value <0.05. 
 Base on the results we conclude that although the overall practice of BPCR is good while the overall knowledge is poor. There is a need to create an awareness and give adequate education on knowledge and practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN YENAGOA, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal mortality still remains a substantial burden and hence progress towards the fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) was particularly slow. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in developing regions is 15 times (240/100,000 live births) higher than in developed regions (16/100,000live births). Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest MMR at 500 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. <strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the sociodemographic factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness<strong> </strong>amongst those attending antenatal clinics in Yenagoa metropolis. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done amongst pregnant women of childbearing ages attending ANC clinics using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20. <strong>Results: </strong>Most of the respondents 258 (99.2%) were Christians. The majority 239 (91.9%) of the respondents were married. One hundred and thirteen (43.5%) respondents were Ijaw in their ethnic group, followed Igbo; 71 (27.3%). The majority 141 (54.2%) of respondents had a secondary level of education Socioeconomic status II had the highest frequency 97 (37.3%), then status I, 94 (36.2%) Birth preparedness and complication readiness of mothers was significantly (<em>p</em> <0.05) associated with mother’s education, socioeconomic status and knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Birth preparedness and complication readiness of mothers were not significantly (<em>p</em> > 0.05) associated with the age of the expectant mother, marital status, family size, gestational age, antenatal care follow-up, number of antenatal care visits and time to the nearest health facility. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educational status, socioeconomic status and knowledge of key danger signs during pregnancy were independent predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness. There is a need for improvement of the above factors in other to enhance birth preparedness and complication readiness.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0949/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria

Background: Avoidable maternal mortality remains a huge burden, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Expectant mothers have faced life life-threatening complications that birth preparedness and complication readiness plan help to actively avoid. Objective: The study assessed knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in selected health care facilities in Enugu State. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based method was adopted. Multiple stage sampling was used to select 422 pregnant women from 8 selected health care facilities for the study. A validated structured questionnaire developed by the researchers was used for data collection. Findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Findings revealed that only 20.5% of the respondents had good knowledge of the components of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness(BPCR) Most of the respondents 87.6% lacked good knowledge of key danger signs of pregnancy, labour and postpartum, while the majority of the respondents 78.6%, 96.7% and 95.5% knew that vaginal bleeding is a key danger sign of pregnancy, labour and postpartum respectively. Age P=0.000, marital status P=0.001, level of education P=0.000 and occupation P=0.000 of the respondents had significant relationships with their knowledge of BPCR. Conclusion: There was poor knowledge of BPCR among the studied population. There is a need for nurses and midwives to intensify health education on the components of BPCR, and key danger signs of pregnancy, labour and post-partum during an antenatal visit.

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) among brick kiln workers in Indore, India

Abstract Background Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR), promotes utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal care. Preparing for childbirth reduces delays in seeking care. Brick-kiln workers constitute a vulnerable social group who contribute to city infrastructure by laboring at low wages. 37% of the sample were Scheduled Castes, 49% Scheduled Tribes. Methods 139 mothers of children < 2 years, residing temporarily in brick kilns of Indore were asked about preparedness for birth of youngest child. Birth preparedness was assessed by enquiring about saving money, arranging transport, identifying health facility for delivery, identified family member to accompany for labor/emergency. Findings 10% did >3 BPACR practices implying good level of preparedness; 50% did 1-2 BPACR practices; 40% did no birth preparedness. Access to maternity benefit scheme was twice as likely to result in reasonable birth preparedness as compared to no access. Those with primary to class XII were twice as likely to practice birth preparedness as compared to those with no formal education. >3 ANC was associated with 8 percentage points greater practice of reasonable BPACR as compared to < 2 or no ANC. Mothers with knowledge of one danger sign each of pregnancy and delivery were 3 times more likely to practice BPACR than those without this knowledge. FGDs revealed challenges in access to bank account, obtaining required documents to apply for and access state maternity benefit. Lack of family support led to low BPCAR and low institutional delivery. Conclusions Brick-kiln women face risk of low utilization of government healthcare services. The health systems should conduct outreach antenatal care sessions in brick-kilns on knowledge of key danger signs and BPACR during health education and ANC counselling can help promote BPACR and hospital delivery. Information on requisite steps to apply for maternity benefit schemes should be shared among brick-kiln workers. Key messages It is crucial to promote BPACR among urban vulnerable sections, through NUHM’s outreach sessions by ANMs/ASHAs in brick-kiln, construction workers and similar groups. Access to maternity benefit cash transfer scheme should be enhanced particularly among excluded temporary urban groups such as brick-kiln workers as it is a motivation to avail hospital care.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among antenatal care clients in Upper Egypt

ObjectivesTo assess knowledge and practice of birth preparedness among antenatal care (ANC) clients attending maternal and child health center in Assiut Governorate in Upper Egypt and to identify factors affecting BP/CR knowledge and practice. MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in three randomly selected health centers providing ANC services in Assiut city, Upper Egypt. 300 pregnant women in their third trimester were interviewed using an Arabic version of the BP/CR questionnaire. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of BP/CR knowledge and practice of pregnant women. ResultsOnly 26.7% of the study participants were considered “well prepared” for birth and its complications. The most frequently mentioned practice was the preparation of essential items for delivery and newborn care (40%) followed by saving money (34.7%). Identifying a skilled provider for delivery, a blood donor and a transport method was practiced only by 7.3%, 2.3% and 1% of the participants respectively. Women who lived in rural regions were 1.9 times likely to be well prepared for childbirth than those who lived in urban regions and women who attended ≥4 ANC visits were 3.2 times more likely to be well prepared as compared to those who attended less than four visits. ConclusionEfforts should focus not only on frequency but also on the contents of health education given during ANC follow ups with giving special emphasis to knowledge of key danger signs and BP/ CR.

Birth preparedness, complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Agnuak zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a community based comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundBirth Preparedness and Complication Readiness interventions have a significant role in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality risk. Inadequacy of birth and emergency preparedness were depicted as one of the major reasons for high maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to assess birth preparedness, complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women.MethodsA community based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 urban and 209 rural respondents who were selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Quantitative data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire while qualitative data were collected from purposely selected 54 members of the community by using guiding checklist and analyzed by thematic areas. Birth preparedness and complication readiness was measured using five birth preparedness and complication readiness items then women who scored at least three were considered as well prepared. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between independent variables and birth preparedness and complication readiness. The result were presented as Odds Ratio at 95% CI. P < 0.05 ware used to dictate statistical significance.ResultsA total response rate of the study was 97.3%. The prevalence of birth preparedness and complication readiness was significantly higher among urban respondents (P = 25.8%; p < 0.05). Factors such as history of obstetric complication, knowledge of key danger signs, having favourable attitude towards birth preparedness and complication readiness, starting antenatal care visit within 3 months age of pregnancy, completing at least four antenatal care visits, urban residence, having occupation of government employee or merchant and being in the higher wealth quintile were variables positively associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness.ConclusionsPrevalence of birth preparedness and complication readiness was low in this study, though significantly higher in urban area. Three-fourth of women planned to attend 4+ antenatal care visits indicating opportunity to counsel them on birth preparedness and complication readiness which increases its prevalence. Health workers should counsel every woman on birth preparedness and complication readiness components during her first antenatal care visit and subsequent visits.

The power of peers: an effectiveness evaluation of a cluster-controlled trial of group antenatal care in rural Nepal

BackgroundReducing the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births globally is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. Approximately 830 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications every day. Almost 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Increasing antenatal care quality and completion, and institutional delivery are key strategies to reduce maternal mortality, however there are many implementation challenges in rural and resource-limited settings. In Nepal, 43% of deliveries do not take place in an institution and 31% of women have insufficient antenatal care. Context-specific and evidence-based strategies are needed to improve antenatal care completion and institutional birth. We present an assessment of effectiveness outcomes for an adaptation of a group antenatal care model delivered by community health workers and midwives in close collaboration with government staff in rural Nepal.MethodsThe study was conducted in Achham, Nepal, via a public private partnership between the Nepali non-profit, Nyaya Health Nepal, and the Ministry of Health and Population, with financial and technical assistance from the American non-profit, Possible. We implemented group antenatal care as a prospective non-randomized, cluster-controlled, type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation study in six village clusters. The implementation approach allowed for iterative improvement in design by making changes to improve the quality of the intervention. We evaluated effectiveness through a difference in difference analysis of institutional birth rates between groups prior to implementation of the intervention and 1 year after implementation. Additionally, we assessed the change in knowledge of key danger signs and the acceptability of the group model compared with individual visits in a nested cohort of women receiving home visit care and home visit care plus group antenatal care. Using a directed content and thematic approach, we analyzed qualitative interviews to identify major themes related to implementation.ResultsAt baseline, there were 457 recently-delivered women in the six village clusters receiving home visit care and 214 in the seven village clusters receiving home visit care plus group antenatal care. At endline, there were 336 and 201, respectively. The difference in difference analysis did not show a significant change in institutional birth rates nor antenatal care visit completion rates between the groups. There was, however, a significant increase in both institutional birth and antenatal care completion in each group from baseline to endline. We enrolled a nested cohort of 52 participants receiving home visit care and 62 participants receiving home visit care plus group antenatal care. There was high acceptability of the group antenatal care intervention and home visit care, with no significant differences between groups. A significantly higher percentage of women who participated in group antenatal care found their visits to be ‘very enjoyable’ (83.9% vs 59.6%, p = 0.0056). In the nested cohort, knowledge of key danger signs during pregnancy significantly improved from baseline to endline in the intervention clusters only (2 to 31%, p < 0.001), while knowledge of key danger signs related to labor and childbirth, the postpartum period, and the newborn did not in either intervention or control groups. Qualitative analysis revealed that women found that the groups provided an opportunity for learning and discussion, and the groups were a source of social support and empowerment. They also reported an improvement in services available at their village clinic. Providers noted the importance of the community health workers in identifying pregnant women in the community and linking them to the village clinics. Challenges in birth planning were brought up by both participants and providers.ConclusionWhile there was no significant change in institutional birth and antenatal care completion at the population level between groups, there was an increase of these outcomes in both groups. This may be secondary to the primary importance of community health worker involvement in both of these groups. Knowledge of key pregnancy danger signs was significantly improved in the home visit plus group antenatal care cohort compared with the home visit care only group. This initial study of Nyaya Health Nepal’s adapted group care model demonstrates the potential for impacting women’s antenatal care experience and should be studied over a longer period as an intervention embedded within a community health worker program.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02330887, registered 01/05/2015, retroactively registered.

Knowledge on obstetric danger signs among antenatal mothers attending a tertiary level hospital, Nepal

Background &amp; Objectives: All pregnant women are at risk and can face problems at any time during or following pregnancy and childbirth which can cause death of mothers. Knowledge of key danger signs is essential for motivating women to seek skilled attendance at birth and also to seek referral in case of complications which definitely improves health of the mother and newborns. This study aimed to assess pregnant womens’ knowledge about obstetric danger signs and its associated factors.Materials &amp; Methods: Quantitative approach with a facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers attending Anti Natal Clinic of Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal. Data was collected from 1st June to 25th June 2017. Sampling technique was non probability, purposive sampling technique. A standardized tool was adopted. Face to face interview technique was used. Data had been processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed using descriptive as well as inferential statistic.Results: Two third of the respondents (66.0%) had adequate knowledge on obstetric danger signs, while 21.0% of respondents had inadequate knowledge and few respondents (13.0%) had moderate knowledge on that. Age, educational status and gravida were not significantly associated with knowledge on obstetric danger signs but occupation and trimester of pregnancy were found to be associated with the same.Conclusion: A significant proportion of pregnant women do not have adequate knowledge on obstetric danger signs. Therefore, the quality of health information about obstetric danger signs during ANC follow up is to be improved.

Perception of Mothers Needs and Nurses Felt Needs on Nursing Care Provided by Nurses to their Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background &amp; Objectives: All pregnant women are at risk and can face problems at any time during or following pregnancy and childbirth which can cause death of mothers. Knowledge of key danger signs is essential for motivating women to seek skilled attendance at birth and also to seek referral in case of complications which definitely improves health of the mother and newborns. This study aimed to assess pregnant womens’ knowledge about obstetric danger signs and its associated factors.Materials &amp; Methods: Quantitative approach with a facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers attending Anti Natal Clinic of Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal. Data was collected from 1st June to 25th June 2017. Sampling technique was non probability, purposive sampling technique. A standardized tool was adopted. Face to face interview technique was used. Data had been processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed using descriptive as well as inferential statistic.Results: Two third of the respondents (66.0%) had adequate knowledge on obstetric danger signs, while 21.0% of respondents had inadequate knowledge and few respondents (13.0%) had moderate knowledge on that. Age, educational status and gravida were not significantly associated with knowledge on obstetric danger signs but occupation and trimester of pregnancy were found to be associated with the same.Conclusion: A significant proportion of pregnant women do not have adequate knowledge on obstetric danger signs. Therefore, the quality of health information about obstetric danger signs during ANC follow up is to be improved.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among the women beneficiaries of selected rural primary health centers of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India.

IntroductionBirth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a strategy to promote timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care during childbirth. According to World Health Organization, BPCR should be a key component of focused antenatal care. Dakshina Kannada, a coastal district of Karnataka state, is categorized as a high-performing district (institutional delivery rate >25%) under the National Rural Health Mission. However, a substantial proportion of women in the district experience complications during pregnancy (58.3%), childbirth (45.7%), and postnatal (17.4%) period. There is a paucity of data on BPCR practice and the factors associated with it in the district. Exploring this would be of great use in the evidence-based fine-tuning of ongoing maternal and child health interventions.ObjectiveTo assess BPCR practice and the factors associated with it among the beneficiaries of two rural Primary Health Centers (PHCs) of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 pregnant (>28 weeks of gestation) and recently delivered (in the last 6 months) women in two randomly selected PHCs from June -September 2013. Exit interviews were conducted using a pre-designed semi-structured interview schedule. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, obstetric variables, and knowledge of key danger signs was collected. BPCR included information on five key components: identified the place of delivery, saved money to pay for expenses, mode of transport identified, identified a birth companion, and arranged a blood donor if the need arises. In this study, a woman who recalled at least two key danger signs in each of the three phases, i.e., pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum (total six) was considered as knowledgeable on key danger signs. Optimal BPCR practice was defined as following at least three out of five key components of BPCR.Outcome measuresProportion, Odds ratio, and adjusted Odds ratio (adj OR) for optimal BPCR practice.ResultsA total of 184 women completed the exit interview (mean age: 26.9±3.9 years). Optimal BPCR practice was observed in 79.3% (95% CI: 73.5–85.2%) of the women. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age >26 years (adj OR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.15–7.7), economic status of above poverty line (adj OR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.12–16.5), awareness of minimum two key danger signs in each of the three phases, i.e., pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum (adj OR = 3.98; 95%CI: 1.4–11.1), preference to private health sector for antenatal care/delivery (adj OR = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.1–8.01), and woman’s discussion about the BPCR with her family members (adj OR = 3.4; 95%CI: 1.1–10.4) as the significant factors associated with optimal BPCR practice.ConclusionIn this study population, BPCR practice was better than other studies reported from India. Healthcare workers at the grassroots should be encouraged to involve women’s family members while explaining BPCR and key danger signs with a special emphasis on young (<26 years) and economically poor women. Ensuring a reinforcing discussion between woman and her family members may further enhance the BPCR practice.

Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities of Yirgacheffe town, Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundObstetric danger signs are not the literal obstetric complications, merely symptoms that are well named by non-clinical personnel. The identification of these danger signs and its relation with complications during pregnancy would increase the capacity of women, their partners and families to seek for timely health care, following the appropriate steps to insure a safe birth and post-partum. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Yirgacheffe town, Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodInstitutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15–April 15, 2016. Data on pregnant women were collected using a pre-tested and interviewer administered structured questionnaire from 342 women using systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed using SPSS version 20.0 software.ResultA total of 342 (90%) pregnant women were included in the study. The level of obstetric knowledge of danger signs was 21.9% (95% CI: 20.2–55.65%). Maternal education (AOR = 0.26, CI: 0.08, 0.88), paternal education (AOR = 0.13, CI; 0.04, 04) and time taken to reach health facilities on foot (AOR = 0.06, CI: 0.02, 0.17) were negatively associated factors while maternal age (AOR = 3.68, CI: 1.30, 10.46), paternal occupation (AOR = 4.65, CI: 1.82, 11.87), place of residence (AOR = 2.61, CI: 1.35, 5.04) were positively associated factors with knowledge of obstetric danger signs.ConclusionMaternal and paternal education, maternal age, paternal occupation, place of residence and time taken to reach health facility on foot were the main factors for knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Increasing knowledge of key danger signs, creating and promoting income generating mechanisms need to be continuously done at the health facility and the community as it makes ready women and their families for prompt and appropriate decisions and measures in case of obstetric danger signs.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among prenatal attendees in a teaching hospital in South West Nigeria.

To assess birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) as well as knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy, labor/delivery, and the postpartum period. A cross-sectional study was undertaken of pregnant women attending the prenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria between October and December 2016. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data on BPCR, and logistic regression was performed to determine factors affecting BPCR. Of 325 participants, 274 (84.3%) had knowledge of BPCR components, and 265 (81.5%) were well prepared for birth and its complications. However, only 89 (27.4%) knew key danger signs during labor/delivery and 81 (24.9%) knew those in the first 2days after delivery. Older age, higher parity, tertiary education of women, paid employment of women and their spouses, higher social class, frequent prenatal visits, and knowledge of danger signs were significantly associated with BPCR (P<0.05). Higher parity, maternal government employment, and knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy remained determinants of BPCR on logistic regression (P<0.05). Although there was a high level of knowledge and practice of BPCR, knowledge of key danger signs was low. Therefore, prenatal education needs to be improved with an emphasis on teaching pregnant women to recognize key danger signs.

Evaluation of correct knowledge of key danger signs in pregnancy among antenatal clinic attendees at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Test of knowledge of pregnant women on key danger signs as a marker to assess the quality of information shared during health education at the antenatal clinic (ANC) is desirable. The aim was to assess correct knowledge of danger signs among pregnant women who attend ANC. A cross-sectional design conducted among pregnant women at the ANC of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A pretested structured questionnaire that contains sociodemographics, past obstetrics history, and a list of test questions to assess correct knowledge of danger signs was administered to each consenting participant. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The knowledge score of key danger signs in pregnancy (KDSP) was measured on a scale of 0-7 and participants were scored as having poor (0-2), fair (3-4), or good (5-7) knowledge. The reliability of the questionnaire to assess knowledge score was determined with Cronbach's alpha. Statistical significance was set 5%. STATA 12.0 Software was used. The mean age of respondents was 30.28 ± 4.56 with the majority (75.1%) of respondents aged 26-35 years. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.871. In general, the knowledge score was good and the associated factors on bivariate analysis were younger age (P = 0.028), Islamic religion (P = 0.048), ethnicity (P = 0.03), professional occupation (P = 0.01), and previous attendance of health talk on KDSP (P < 0.0001). There was a high knowledge score of KDSP, but some still have some misconceptions that need to be addressed.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among recently delivered women in chamwino district, central Tanzania: a cross sectional study.

BackgroundUnacceptably high maternal mortality rates remain a challenge in developing countries such as Tanzania. Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness is among the key interventions that can reduce maternal mortality. Despite this, its status in Tanzania is not well documented. We assessed the practice and determinants of Birth preparedness and complication readiness among recently delivered women in Chamwino district, Central Tanzania.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted to women who delivered two years prior to survey in January 2014 at Chamwino district, Tanzania. Woman was considered as prepared for birth and its complication if she reported at least three of these; know expected date of delivery, saved money, identified a skilled birth attendant/health facility, mode of transport and Identified two compatible blood donors. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed at P value < 0.05 level of significance.ResultsWe interviewed 428 women whose median age (IQR) was 26.5 (22–33) years. About 249 (58.2 %) of the respondents were considered as prepared for birth and its complications. After controlling for confounding and clustering effect, significant determinants of birth preparedness and complication readiness were found to be maternal education (AOR = 2.26, 95 % CI; 1.39, 3.67), spouse employment (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI; 1.46, 3.25), booking at ANC (AOR = 2.03, 95 % CI; 1.11, 3.72), Four or more antenatal visits, (AOR = 1.94, 95 % CI; 1.17, 3.21) and knowledge of key danger signs (AOR = 4.16, 95 % CI; 2.32, 7.45). Prepared for birth was found to be associated with institutional delivery (AOR = 2.45, 95 % CI; 1.12, 5.34).ConclusionThe proportion of women who prepared for birth and its complications were found to be low. District reproductive and child health coordinator should emphasis on early and frequent antenatal care visits, since they were among predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness.

Awareness on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Antenatal Care Clients in Federal Police Referral Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Birth-preparedness and complication readiness is a comprehensive strategy aimed at promoting the timely utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal health care and encouraging women, households and communities to make arrangements. This paper aimed to assess knowledge and practices on birth preparedness and complication readiness and related factors among antenatal clients in Federal Police Referral Hospital. Institutional based cross-Sectional study was conducted on 224 sampled pregnant women from September 14, 2014- October, 24 2014 who were attending Ante Natal Care in Federal Referral Police Hospital, Addis Ababa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Different rates, as well as relevant associations were computed to see statistical significant. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut of point to declare significant association. Multiple logistic regression analysis was also done to control for possible confounding variables. In this study the proportion of respondents considered as knowledgeable for key dangerous signs were 152(67.8%), 140 (62.1%), 118 (52.2%) during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum respectively About 126(56.3 %) of the women were considered as prepared for birth and its complication. Maternal age of less than 20 years (COR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.07, 11.66). Mothers who knew the key danger sign of pregnancy, child birth andpost-partum were almost three times more likely to be prepared for birth and its complications than mothers who didn’t know (COR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.65); (COR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.74) and (COR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.53) respectively. When the age of the client from socio demographic variables; knowledge on key danger signs of pregnancy, labor and post-partum were adjusted no one significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. In this study about 56.3 % women were prepared for birth and its complication which is relatively fair. Knowledge of key dangers signs of pregnancy, labor and delivery and postpartum were found to be the main factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness. Improving ANC education on BP/CR, giving special emphasis to comprehensive knowledge of key danger signs is recommended.

Knowledge of Danger Signs of Pregnancy among Clients of Maternal Health Service in Urban and Rural Primary Health Centres of Southeast Nigeria

Objective: Aim of study was to assess knowledge of key danger signs of pregnancy among clients of maternal health service in urban and rural primary health centres of southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used. Three stage sampling method was used to select 540 clients of maternal health service in18 of 440 primary health centres in Enugu state, southeast Nigeria. The clients were women who attended antenatal and postnatal care in the health centres. A minimum of four antenatal care visits qualified the women for inclusion in the study. Results: The mean age of the clients was 27.9 ± 5.5 and 26.9 ± 5.7 years in urban and rural areas respectively. The most recalled danger sign by the clients was bleeding before labour, (urban, 47.4%; rural, 62.6%), while the least recalled sign was swollen hands and feet, (urban, 16.7%; rural, 24.4%). A significantly higher proportion of clients in rural, had good knowledge of danger signs by recalling four or more signs when compared to urban. Predictors of good knowledge included being urban client, (AOR; 0.51, 95%CI=0.35-0.75), maternal age less than 30, (AOR; 2.44, 95%CI=1.65-3.58), being single, (AOR; 0.18, 95%CI=0.08-0.38), Igbo ethnic nationality, (AOR; 0.29, 95%CI=0.10-0.86), primary education and less, (AOR; 2.05, 95%CI=1.15-3.67), and low socio-economic status, (AOR; 0.63, 95%CI=0.43-0.93). Conclusion: Good delivery of health education during antenatal care, use of electronic media to disseminate health information and community enlightenment of women groups increased knowledge of women of danger signs of pregnancy. These activities should be sustained as awareness of danger signs is a step towards improving maternal health.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of child bearing age group in Goba woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia.

BackgroundBirth preparedness and complication readiness is the process of planning for normal birth and anticipating the actions needed in case of an emergency. It is also a strategy to promote the timely use of skilled maternal care, especially during childbirth, based on the theory that preparing for childbirth reduces delays in obtaining this care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of child bearing age group in Goba woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross sectional study was conducted in Goba woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was employed. Descriptive, binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistically significant tests were declared at a level of significance of P value < 0.05.ResultsOnly 29.9% of the respondents were prepared for birth and its complications. And, only 82 (14.6%) study participants were knowledgeable about birth preparedness and complication readiness.Variables having statistically significant association with birth preparedness and complication readiness of women were attending up to primary education (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.75, 6.02), attending up to secondary and higher level of education (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.34, 6.15), the presence of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 8.07, 95% CI = 2.41,27.00), knowledge about key danger signs during pregnancy (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.06,2.88), and knowledge about key danger signs during the postpartum period (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.20,3.60).ConclusionsOnly a small number of respondents were prepared for birth and its complications. Furthermore, the vast majority of women were not knowledgeable about birth preparedness and complication readiness. Residence, educational status, ANC follow up, knowledge of key danger signs during pregnancy and the postpartum period were independent predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness.

The effect of birth preparedness and complication readiness on skilled care use: a prospective follow-up study in Southwest Ethiopia.

sBackgroundSkilled care during and immediately after delivery has been identified as one of the key strategies in reducing maternal mortality. However, recent estimates show that the status of skilled care during delivery remained very low in Ethiopia. Birth preparedness and complication readiness has been implemented as comprehensive strategy to fill this gap. However, its effectiveness in improving skilled care use hasn’t been well studied.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of birth preparedness and complication readiness on skilled care use in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective follow-up study was conducted from September 2012-April 2013 in Southwest Ethiopia among randomly selected 3472 mothers. Data were collected by using pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS for windows V.20.0 and STATA 13. Mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression model was used to look at the relation between birth preparedness and complication readiness plan and skilled care use and identify other determinant factors.ResultsThe status of skilled care use was 17.5% (95% CI: 16.2%, 18.8%). Factors affecting skilled care use existed both at the community as well as individual levels. Planning to use skilled care during pregnancy was found to increase actual use significantly (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.60, 3.15). Place of residence, access to basic emergency obstetric care, maternal education, husband’s occupation, wealth quintiles, number of pregnancy, inter-birth interval, knowledge of key danger signs during labor and ANC use were identified as factors affecting skilled care use.ConclusionsThe status of skilled care use was found to be low in the study area. Birth preparedness and complication readiness had significant effect on skilled care use. Socio-demographic, economic, access to health facility, maternal obstetric factors and antenatal care were identified as determinant factors for skilled care use. Designing appropriate interventions to improve information, education and communication, antenatal care use, family planning and knowledge of key danger signs are recommended.