Knowledge Of Inspectors Research Articles

Avaliação probabilística de estruturas de concreto sob corrosão – revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract The evaluation of service conditions of concrete structures has still been carried out through implicit knowledge based on the expertise and knowledge of inspectors, who classify structures based on subjective criteria. The main degradation mechanism of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures is the corrosion of steel reinforcements, with expressive maintenance and repair costs. The phenomenon of corrosion in concrete structures has a complex behavior and presents several uncertainties, and deterministic analyzes can produce very conservative responses, which can unnecessarily increase maintenance costs, thus justifying probabilistic approaches. This article then presents a systematic literature review of articles that address the evaluation of concrete structures under reinforcement corrosion using a probabilistic approach. In this regard, 94 journal articles obtained through an appropriate review protocol were reviewed. Thus, the summary of the main proposed methodologies was carried out, as well as the identification of research gaps on the subject.

The Canary in the Nuclear Submarine: Assessing the Nonproliferation Risk of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Loophole

ABSTRACTThe Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) allows states to exempt nuclear material from international safeguards for use in nuclear submarine programs. This material, however, could be diverted for nuclear weapons purposes without the knowledge of inspectors, creating a potentially dangerous loophole in the treaty. This article argues that exercising that loophole today would amount to admitting a nuclear weapon program, making it a particularly poor pathway to a weapon for a potential proliferant. Still, if states like Brazil ultimately exempt nuclear material from safeguards for a nuclear submarine effort, they could set a dangerous precedent that makes it easier for others to use the loophole as a route to a nuclear weapon capability. There are several policy options available to mitigate the damage of such a precedent; most promising is the prospect of a voluntary safeguards arrangement that would allow international inspectors to keep an eye on nuclear material even after it has been dedicated to a naval nuclear propulsion program.

Schooling and governance: Pedagogical knowledge and bureaucratic expertise in the genesis of the Argentine educational system

The consolidation of the Argentine Federal Government by the 1870s aimed to modernise local society, establish state institutions and reach political stabilisation. Building a modern schooling system articulated both utopia and bureaucracy by establishing the use of knowledge as an instrument of social intervention, vindicating and legitimising the concept of rational control. This approach established the formal and material bases for the constitution of a field of pedagogical knowledge on one hand, and a field of bureaucratic knowledge on the other. These two fields approached the articulation of regulating devices of the educational system in distinctive ways. While normalist pedagogical knowledge involved a set of instructions on schooling, the bureaucratic knowledge of inspectors resulted in regulation of the schooling process.