Aid Knowledge Research Articles

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN SISWA TENTANG TINDAKAN PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA KECELAKAAN

Emergency situations require immediate action, as indicated by data from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) showing a significant increase in injury rates in Indonesia, including West Kalimantan. Injuries are most common among individuals aged 15-24, with various types such as abrasions, cuts, sprains, and fractures. This research aimed to investigate students' knowledge of first aid measures at Mujahidin High School in Pontianak, with the hope of improving their understanding and preparedness in handling accidents in the school environment effectively. This study used a quantitative descriptive-analytic method with stratified random sampling, involving 245 students from grades X and XI. Data were collected through a questionnaire about first aid actions. The results showed that 47% of respondents had adequate first aid knowledge, 46% had good knowledge, and 7% had poor knowledge. In conclusion, the majority of students at SMA Mujahidin Pontianak have adequate knowledge of first aid.

“I had no idea”: At-Risk College Student Knowledge of Financial Aid and Resources

“I had no idea”: At-Risk College Student Knowledge of Financial Aid and Resources

DOKTER KECIL: STUDENT EMPOWERMENT THROUGH LEARNING FIRST AID SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE

Introduction: Knowledge and skills of simple first aid are packaged by the UKS program through the role of Dokter Kecil. Interactive learning using video, demonstration and simulation activities has increased first aid knowledge and skills in primary school students. The aim of this community service program was to increase first aid knowledge and skills of wound care, nosebleed and syncope in school age children. Methods: The community service was conducted at SDN Komplek Kenjeran II in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving 40 students from grades 3 to 5. The intervention was provided in a 4-hour session, using video demonstrations and hands-on simulation. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires measured students' knowledge and attitudes before and after the training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The demographic characteristics of participants were dominated by the age 10 years (37.5%), in fourth grade (42.5%) and female (62.5%). The average pre-test knowledge score was 65 and pre-test attitude score was 76.4. After doing interactive learning, demonstrations and simulations, the average student post-test score experienced a significant increase, namely 84.5 in the knowledge and 89.7 in the attitude. Conclusion: The Dokter Kecil program significantly improved students’ skills and knowledge in managing wound care, nosebleeds, and syncope. This empowerment program demonstrates the effectiveness of interactive learning in fostering critical first aid skills in school-aged children. Regular updates to the training content are recommended to ensure ongoing relevance and efficacy.

Schistosoma japonicum infection-mediated downregulation of lncRNA Malat1 contributes to schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis by the Malat1/miR-96/Smad7 pathway

BackgroundSchistosoma japonicum infection causes hepatic fibrosis, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, and effective treatments are still lacking. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenic process of various tissue fibroses. However, the role of lncRNAs in schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis (HF) is poorly understood. Understanding the role of lncRNAs in schistosomiasis HF will enhance knowledge of disease processes and aid in the discovery of therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.MethodsDifferentially expressed lncRNA profiles in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mice infected with S. japonicum were identified using high-throughput lncRNA sequencing. Primary HSCs were isolated from infected mice using collagenase digestion and density-gradient centrifugation, cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, nuclear cytoplasm fractionation and RIP assays were employed to assess the relationship between Malat1 and miRNA-96. Malat1 lentivirus and ASO-Malat1 were constructed for forced expression and downregulated expression of Malat1. The Malat1-KO mouse was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Pathological features of the liver were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression levels of fibrosis-related genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.ResultsA total of 1561 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between infected and uninfected primary HSCs. Among the top altered lncRNAs, the downregulated Malat1 was observed in infected HSCs and verified by qPCR. Treatment of infected mice with praziquantel (PZQ) significantly increased the Malat1 expression. Elevated Malat1 expression in infected primary HSC reduced the expressions of profibrogenic genes, whereas Malat1 knockdown had the opposite effect. Moreover, Malat1 was found to interact with miR-96, a profibrotic miRNA, by targeting Smad7. Forced Malat1 expression reduced miR-96 levels in infected primary HSCs, attenuating fibrogenesis and showing negative correlation between Malat1 expression and the expression levels of miR-96 and profibrogenic genes α-SMA and Col1α1. Notably, in Malat1-KO mice, knockout of Malat1 aggravates schistosomiasis HF, while restored Malat1 expression in the infected HSCs reduced the expression of profibrogenic genes.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that lncRNA is involved in regulation of schistosomiasis HF. Elevated lncRNA Malat1 expression in infected HSCs reduces fibrosis via the Malat1/miR-96/Smad7 pathway, thus providing a novel therapeutic target for schistosomiasis HF. Furthermore, Malat1 expression is sensitive to PZQ treatment, thus offering a potential biomarker for assessing the response to chemotherapy.Graphical abstract

Knowledge and Attitude of the First Aid Among School Teachers in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review

Aim: Injury poses a serious threat to health as it is the main contributor to early mortality and morbidity as well as the main reasons for the death of adolescents. About one- third time of school children is spent in schools, where they are frequently in danger of accidents and medical issues. First-aid (FA) has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention and management of injuries. Teachers are the bystanders or first responders in case a mishap occurs in schools. It is therefore very crucial for teachers to have sound knowledge of first aid. This systematic review aims to assess the status of knowledge among Saudi Arabia school teachers and for studies to be conducted in future it aims to provide recommendations. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting the systematic review. For the search of relevant studies, the strategy of using text words and MeSH terms was included. The studies included in the review were cross-sectional studies and survey research studies. Studies in government as well as private schools of every level, primary, intermediate, secondary, higher secondary, in any part of Saudi Arabia with more than 100 subjects were included in the systematic review. Studies carried out on populations in school settings apart from teachers, such as sports instructors, helpers, or students were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using “the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for analytic cross-sectional studies”. Results: Twenty-nine studies were incorporated for assessment. Largest number of studies were conducted in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires from previous studies were adapted in seventeen studies. Six studies utilized case-based questionnaires. 11 studies showed high risk of bias. Conclusion: The studies lacked well-developed, standard questionnaires containing uniformity in questions for similar kind of study. Level of knowledge was found to be low or barely adequate in major proportion of the studies

Twenty Years of International Research on First Aid: A Bibliometric Visualization of Scientific Outputs.

Although first aid research is a wide-ranging and diverse field within medical science, so far no attempts have been made to provide a holistic view of international scientific outputs in the first aid domain. To determine strategic directions for conducting future studies, it is important to understand the status of the research, including its frontiers and blind spots. This study explored the global landscape of first aid research using bibliometric visualization analysis of relevant literature published within the last 20 years. The search yielded a total of 2,057 relevant papers. There was a trend of increasing annual numbers of publications throughout the 20 year period. The following topics were identified as the mainstream directions of first aid research: cross-sectional studies on attitudes and knowledge of first aid; cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation; bleeding and hemorrhage control; burns, scalds, and their management; envenomations and their management; and systematic evaluation of the scientific evidence. Evidence evaluation is one of the main frontiers of first aid research. Studies concerning first aid for the most common and deadliest diseases, including myocardial infarction and stroke, are not in the scope of contemporary international first aid research. Considering that effective implementation of first aid can reduce morbidity and mortality, it is advisable to advance research on first aid management of major emergencies that are the most common potentially avoidable causes of death.

Determining the effectiveness of basic first aid training provided to secondary school students

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of first aid training provided to middle school students from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds, and to examine how these differences influence the outcomes of the training. Methods: The study was conducted in three middle schools located in the eastern part of Turkiye between April and July 2016. The population of the study consisted of 7th-grade students (n=391) attending these schools during the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. All students were included in the sample without any selection, as participation was obtained through parental and student consent. Data were collected using the “Descriptive Information Form” and the “First Aid Education Knowledge Evaluation Form”. First aid knowledge levels were assessed before the training, after the training, and two weeks post-training. Results: The study found that the average first aid knowledge scores of students based on socioeconomic status were 58.61±6.26 for high, 60.86±5.86 for middle, and 56.44±6.26 for low socioeconomic status. Post-training, the average scores increased across all groups. These findings indicate that socioeconomic status affects first aid knowledge, but the training programs benefit all students and improve their knowledge levels. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that while socioeconomic status exerts a significant influence on first aid knowledge, the training programmes implemented have resulted in notable improvements in the knowledge levels of all students.

The Influence of The Socialization of "Ojek Sigap: Ojek Siap Gerak Cepat (Quick Response Motorcycle Taxi: Ready To Move Fast) on Knowledge of First Aid For Accidents of Online Ojek Drivers in Jambi City

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death worldwide, with the current global death toll reaching 1.24 million per year. This figure is expected to increase to 3.6 million per year by 2030. Indonesia ranks third highest in Asia, after China and India, with 38,279 deaths due to road traffic accidents in 2015. Jambi City, despite having a lower accident rate than other provinces, still faces significant challenges with 392 deaths in 2018. Lack of knowledge about first aid (P3K) is one of the factors contributing to the high death toll. Given the widespread use of online motorcycle taxis on the road, their drivers have the potential to become witnesses or victims of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to improve knowledge and skills in first aid among online motorcycle taxi drivers to improve road safety. The study used the Pre - Experimental research method with a Prepost Test Design design with 28 respondents. The provision of material using educational videos and mnemonic cards related to initial handling of accidents. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed very significant results with a value of P = 0.0000 and Z = -4.658. A very low P value (less than 0.05) indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the level of knowledge of respondents before and after the socialization. This negative Z value indicates that there is a significant increase in the knowledge of respondents after they have participated in the socialization program. The results of the study indicate that there is an Influence of the Socialization of "OJEK SIGAP” on Knowledge of First Aid for Accidents for Online Ojek Drivers in Jambi City.

The knowledge, training, and willingness of first year students in Xuzhou, China to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional study.

Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can significantly improve the rate of return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest. Since first year students with no specific academic background are energetic and quick to learn, many Chinese schools offer first-aid training course including CPR to them before they start school. However, data on CPR knowledge, training, and willingness among first year students are lacking in most regions of China, which makes the effectiveness of CPR training unknown. To evaluate first year students' knowledge level, training experience and rescue willingness for CPR of first year students in Xuzhou, and to analyze the influencing factors of CPR knowledge level and rescue willingness of first year students in Xuzhou. A cross-sectional study. A total of 9,887 first year students from three universities in Xuzhou city were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. A self-designed five-part structured questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, training and willingness of CPR among first year students. Independent sample t-test, χ2 -test and Logistic regression were used for data analysis. The average score of CPR knowledge was 2.44 (±1.60), 99.13% of the respondents were willing to participate in CPR training, and 66.25% had received CPR training. Respondents with rural household registration, relatives who had suffered from serious diseases, relatives engaged in the medical profession, good self-rated quality of life, CPR training, and willing to CPR training had higher CPR knowledge levels. 76.77% of the respondents were willing to perform bystander CPR. Women, those who had received CPR training, and those who were willing to receive CPR training were more willing to help patients with sudden cardiac arrest. Lack of first aid knowledge and skills (82.61%) was the biggest obstacle hindering respondents from performing rescue. Most of the first year students of Xuzhou University in China have CPR training experience and have a strong willingness to train. Most are willing to perform bystander CPR, but have a low knowledge level. Colleges and universities can adopt diversified training methods, make plans for regular CPR retraining and other strategies to improve the quality and effect of CPR training for college students.

Assessment of First Aid Knowledge among Students of Nursing College in Sulaimani City

Assessment of First Aid Knowledge among Students of Nursing College in Sulaimani City

Knowledge and Awareness of the First Aid Management of Foreign Body Aspiration in Children Among the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to assess the level of awareness and knowledge regarding the first aid management of foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children among various demographic groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 500 participants. The survey included questions about demographic information and knowledge of FBA management. The data were analyzed to identify significant differences in awareness levels based on gender, age, nationality, educational background, occupational status, and marital status. The study found significant differences in awareness levels across various demographic groups. Females (80.2%) demonstrated higher awareness compared to males (71.5%), with a significant p-value of 0.035. Participants aged 30-39 years had the highest awareness (83.6%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.057). Nationality did not significantly affect awareness levels. However, educational background showed variations, with postgraduate degree holders having somewhat lower awareness (65.9%) compared to bachelor's degree holders (78.1%), though this difference was not significant (p=0.271). Occupational status had a significant impact, with military personnel displaying the highest awareness (100%) and business professionals the lowest (67.7%), with a significant p-value of 0.009. Marital status also influenced awareness, with married individuals showing higher awareness (82.8%) compared to single (74.4%) and divorced (65.5%) individuals, with a significant p-value of 0.040. The study highlights the need for targeted educational programs to enhance first aid knowledge across different demographic groups. By addressing gaps in awareness through comprehensive training, especially among groups with lower awareness levels, we can improve the general population's ability to manage FBA incidents effectively, thereby reducing associated morbidity and mortality in children.

Training experience is an important factor affecting willingness for bystander CPR and awareness of AED: a survey of residents from a province in Central China in 2023.

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) may improve survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CPR training experience and sociodemographic characteristics on bystander CPR willingness and AED awareness. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3,569 residents in central China. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used to investigate the effect of training experience and sociodemographic characteristics on knowledge of cardiac arrest first aid, awareness of AEDs, and willingness for bystander CPR. Of the 3,569 participants, nearly 52% were female, 69.6% were < 23 years old, 23.5% had CPR training and 22.1% had witnessed OHCA. Characteristics of increasing bystander CPR willingness included CPR training experience, male, witnessed OHCA but not acting, knowing whether family members have cardiac disease, older age (>40 years) and lower level of education. Farmers were the subgroup with the least awareness of AED and knowledge of first aid. In China, CPR training experience was an important factor in improving bystanders' CPR willingness, AED awareness and knowledge of cardiac arrest first aid. Additionally, having witnessed OHCA also had a positive effect on bystander CPR willingness.

Activation and inhibition of sirtuins: From bench to bedside.

The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+-dependent enzymes which catalyze protein lysine deacylation and mono ADP-ribosylation. Sirtuins act as central regulators of genomic stability and gene expression and control key processes, including energetic metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and aging. As a result, all sirtuins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and organism wellness, and their dysregulation has been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Furthermore, sirtuins have shown dichotomous roles in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor suppressors or promoters. Given their central role in different cellular processes, sirtuins have attracted increasing research interest aimed at developing both activators and inhibitors. Indeed, sirtuin modulation may have therapeutic effects in many age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moreover, isoform selective modulators may increase our knowledge of sirtuin biology and aid to develop better therapies. Through this review, we provide critical insights into sirtuin pharmacology and illustrate their enzymatic activities and biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the most relevant sirtuin modulators in terms of their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.

Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids: A Nationwide Survey Study to Understand Perspectives in Primary Care.

The expansion of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids has raised inquiries regarding primary care physicians' (PCP) knowledge, perspective, and perceived roles. We aimed to understand PCP perspectives on OTC hearing aids via nationwide online surveys. RedCap survey was distributed to PCPs via online forums and public mailing lists. Outcomes included PCPs' attitudes toward, perceived role surrounding, confidence managing, and knowledge of OTC hearing aids. Regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors including demographics and practice characteristics. Cohort included 111 PCPs primarily working in non-rural (83.8%) outpatient academic medical centers (47.5%), with a mean (SD) of 16.9 (11.6) years practicing. Most reported unfamiliarity (61.3%) with OTC hearing aids but viewed them positively (91.9%). They often perceived themselves as poor sources of OTC hearing aid information (63.1%) but desired involvement (90.1%) and believed associated knowledge is important (98.2%). Rural practice environment was associated with less familiarity toward OTC hearing aids (β = -0.72, [95% CI -1.40 to -0.04]). Respondents answered 5.0 (2.4) of 10 OTC hearing aid knowledge questions correctly. Using 5-point Likert scale, participants reported most confidence recognizing signs/symptoms of hearing loss 3.71 (0.84), but less confidence educating 1.68 (0.96) about and determining candidacy 1.72 (1.05) for OTC hearing aids. Participants reported continuing medical education courses and published guidelines would effectively improve their OTC hearing aid knowledge. PCPs displayed positive attitudes toward OTC hearing aids and valued involvement. Addressing unfamiliarity/knowledge gaps surrounding OTC hearing aids through courses and published guidelines may help clarify misconceptions and promote hearing health care. NA Laryngoscope, 2024.

The Effect of Mobile Application-Based Education on the Knowledge and Skills of First Aid for Traffic Accidents Among Adolescents at SMAN 1 Martapura, Banjar RegencyH

The Effect of Mobile Application-Based Education on the Knowledge and Skills of First Aid for Traffic Accidents Among Adolescents at SMAN 1 Martapura, Banjar RegencyH

A novel learner driver first aid eLearning program: a mixed-method pre-post pilot test and evaluation

BackgroundApproximately 1.35 million people worldwide are killed in road accidents every year. Mandatory first aid training for learner drivers has been introduced in some European countries but no such requirements are in effect in Australia. The current study aimed to pilot and evaluate a first aid eLearning program for Australian learner drivers undertaking their mandated supervised driving hours.MethodsA total of 103 participants (M age = 20.57; 52.4% female, 96% completion rate) responded to an online survey immediately before and two weeks after completing the Learner Driver First Aid program. Participants completed measures of first aid self-efficacy, first aid knowledge, and attitudes towards first aid, and provided qualitative feedback on the program. Paired samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests assessed improvements in first aid self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitudes, and qualitative feedback were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants showed significant pre-post program improvements in first aid self-efficacy (p < .001) and first aid knowledge (p < .001); however, there were no significant changes in attitudes towards first aid (p = .028). Self-efficacy and knowledge improvements were significantly greater for those without prior first aid training (p < .001). Participants rated the usability of the online program favourably and most (93.2%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied with the program. Qualitative feedback suggested participants found the program to be accessible and interactive but noted concerns about the transfer of skills to the real-world context.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the efficacy of online first aid training for Australian learner drivers. However, further improvements to the eLearning program based on participant feedback should be considered. This study recommends the Learner Driver First Aid program be refined and rolled out to the Australian public.

Assessing First Aid Knowledge for Burns Among the Maltese Population: Identifying Gaps and Informing Public Health Strategies

Assessing First Aid Knowledge for Burns Among the Maltese Population: Identifying Gaps and Informing Public Health Strategies

Awareness of school teachers about students common emergencies during school time in the eastern region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Schools have to ensure student safety and well-being. However, medical emergencies involving injuries are common, requiring teachers to provide prompt first aid before professional care arrives. This study assessed knowledge and awareness of first aid among school teachers to identify areas needing improvement. This cross-sectional study surveyed 371 teachers from the eastern region primary schools using a standardized questionnaire assessing first aid knowledge across areas like bleeding control, fractures, seizures, choking, and burns. Demographic factors were analyzed for correlations with knowledge levels. Pearson's Chi-square tests analyzed bivariate relationships comparing correct knowledge identification percentages across teacher sociodemographic. The level of statistical significance was at a P value <0.05 across tests. Only 157 teachers felt able to appropriately handle medical emergencies. Major knowledge gaps existed regarding airway obstruction and chemical injuries, with 168 unable to identify correct responses for choking first aid and 105 unsure of chemical burn management steps. Appropriate fracture management was lacking, with just 70 correctly endorsing nose pinch for nosebleeds. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge was inadequate, with 57 of teachers unaware of the basics. Teachers demonstrating higher knowledge levels overwhelmingly had prior first aid training (153, 66.5%) compared to untrained counterparts (89, 63.1%). The study revealed poor first aid knowledge among elementary school teachers for effectively managing child emergencies. Strategies enhancing delivery must address barriers around training access, knowledge attrition, and variability in baseline skills through sustainable system-wide policies applied nationally. Fulfilling schools' ethical obligations toward maintaining student safety requires urgent reforms to bolster emergency preparedness.

First aid training using virtual reality

This work considers the use of virtual reality (VR) technology to self-teach first aid training. It is known that VR provides realistic experiences to train individuals. We created interactable first aid lessons using the Unity engine and a VR interaction framework, and provided hands-on experience, with tests based on practical exercises. The VR application materials, with the first aid knowledge gathered from many government and hospital websites, consisted of 10 lessons and 7 tests. The lessons were appraised by 14 learners, resulting in a total average satisfaction score of 9.1. The post training first aid knowledge test scores increased by 35% from pre-course level. All learners reported having greater confidence, with their practical test scores improving by an average of 22% after multiple tests, demonstrating that the application could be effectively used for learning and practice purposes.

Evaluating Burn First Aid Knowledge, Practices, and Confidence Levels Among the General Population in Aseer, Saudi Arabia.

Background and objectives Burns represents a significant public health issue globally and in Saudi Arabia, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups. Prompt, evidence-based first aid improves outcomes. This study assessed burn first aid understanding, self-assurance, and information sources among Aseer Region residents. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to 386 individuals using a validated questionnaire, assessing understanding via a 10-item scale and confidence through Likert scales. Associations between variables were examined statistically. Results Most participants (85%; n=330) demonstrated poor first-aid comprehension, and only (1%; n=2) exhibited excellent knowledge. A history of burn exposure correlated with higher knowledge (p=0.039). The Internet was the primary information source (48%; n= 185). Confidence in assisting burn victims was generally low. Conclusions Significant gaps in foundational burn first aid knowledge were identified, necessitating targeted educational interventions disseminated via multiple modalities to strengthen emergency response and optimize outcomes in this region.