Knowledge Mobility Research Articles

Universities as orchestrators of the development of regional innovation ecosystems in emerging economies

AbstractThis paper analyses the role of universities as orchestrators of the development of a regional ecosystem that is conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. We argue that universities in emerging economies, due to many social challenges, must go beyond their missions of teaching, research, and collaboration with industry for innovation. We present a unique case study of an alliance of three universities in Porto Alegre, Brazil that, in addition to being competitors in the above‐mentioned missions, are orchestrating a network of stakeholders in this region to develop an ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship. We demonstrate that universities perform several orchestration processes that are consistent with the literature, such as fostering knowledge mobility, managing innovation appropriability, and increasing network stability. Furthermore, we found differences in how innovation ecosystems are orchestrated as compared to firm networks. In the case of innovation ecosystems, appropriability reaches the broader region, and the benefits are not limited to participant stakeholders. Such orchestration processes emerge when universities take on leadership positions in the region; they can influence the beginning of collective actions and projects as well as transfer responsibility, delegating power to other actors in the network.

THEORETICAL BASES OF INFORMATION AND INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF INFORMATICS

This article reviews the research of scientists on general information and intellectual competence and gives a definition of information and intellectual competence. The possibility of digitization of education for the formation of information and intellectual competence of future teachers of computer science was studied. The structure of the information and intellectual competence of the future teacher of computer science is theoretically substantiated and formulated. The information and intellectual competencies of students were determined by the criteria of knowledge, skills and potential and presented in tabular form. The sample questions to determine the information and intellectual competence of students are based on knowledge mobility, method flexibility and critical thinking. To perform the situational task, we divided the level of performance of students into informational, improvisational, heuristic, considered laboratory work at the information level, independent work of the student with the teacher at the improvisational level and independent work of the student at the heuristic level. A generalized algorithm for the formation of information and intellectual competencies of students in the context of digitalization of education has been developed.

Politics of Immobility: Global Knowledge Production and the Study of Europe in Asia

AbstractEurope and Asia find themselves increasingly connected. Why then do we find limited knowledge mobility in the study of Europe throughout Asia? What factors drive this immobility? This article takes account of the existing literature and complements it by offering a more global picture of European Studies in Asia. Throughout, we assume a decidedly political perspective. The study of Europe, we claim, is not only an academic affair, but subject to a politics of (im‐)mobility driven by state and non‐state funders and influenced by local as well as domestic diplomatic, trade‐related, and strategic factors. The article aims at contributing to our understanding of how Europe is studied in Asia and highlights the importance of non‐educational factors for future debates about knowledge mobility and the possibility of a global science.

Transnational research capacity building: Whose standards count?

This essay explores transnational capacity building projects to highlight some of the structural and processual challenges in decolonizing institutional spaces and power structures. We offer a view from the Global North by drawing on our own experiences of such projects and argue that issues of coloniality in research capacity-building projects must be understood together with the concepts of dependency and universality of knowledge. Two examples are used to question who defines excellence and relevance at African universities. We conclude that many collaborative projects regard scientific knowledge and notions of excellence and standards as universal and therefore transferable without considering an African academic context. Moreover, the mobility of scholars leads to the mobility of knowledge and norms, which may emphasise the notion of universality. More research from the Global South is needed to illustrate how the paradoxes and dilemmas of international research collaboration and capacity building are experienced and understood.

Smart grid knowledges and the state

In this paper we call for a closer analysis of the role of the nation state in shaping the geographies of knowledge created through public–private infrastructure collaborations, focusing on the empirical case of smart grids. We draw on contributions from economic geographers and political scientists, identifying an empirical and analytical blind spot around how states shape knowledge production and mobility in regulated infrastructure economies. We argue that national state institutions have strong influence through their initial framing of what is relevant knowledge, and the geography of its applicability. The type of knowledge valued by the state institutions in our two case studies of public–private smart grid initiatives is that which can be rescaled to apply to national energy systems, by being stripped of its local context. In practice, however, many types of knowledge are produced through smart grid experiments, including tacit, context‐specific knowledge. In this short paper we demonstrate the need to be attentive to both corporate and policy theories about types of knowledge and their mobilities, in order to better understand the geographies of smart grid and other regulated infrastructure knowledges.

On pots, people and cultural landscape: The Hyblean Mountains (Sicily) in the Early Bronze Age

Adopting a methodological approach developed over the last decade in order to analyse the decoration of containers belonging to the Castelluccio culture (Sicily – Italy; late 3rd – mid-2nd millennium BC), this study aims to contribute to the reconstruction of the stylistic behaviours of Early Bronze Age Sicily and in particular of the Hyblean area, by discussing some new results of a broader research. The latter has highlighted a possible pattern of circulation of stylistic traits based on the interaction between neighbouring groups and on short-range multi-directional movements.By taking advantage of the continuously enriched database, the study presented here considers how the distribution of stylistic traits intertwines with other indicators in the specific case of the Hyblean Mountains.The degree of stylistic similarity between sites, as regards the decoration of pots, was analysed on a statistical basis, revealing a complex picture in which their reciprocal proximity - and in particular their position along the river valleys that from the coast penetrate into the inner areas of the Hyblean Mountains - constitutes the main variable affecting the results obtained.The latter seem instead only partially affected by the context of provenance of each sample (settlement v. necropoleis) and by their possible chronological position within the development of the long-lasting Castelluccio culture. Thus, the dynamics related to the circulation of information, as they emerge from the study of the decoration of containers, strictly fit what we know about the strategic importance of the inland Hyblean area for other mobility-related phenomena, such as the procurement of flint, in which this territory is rich, and subsistence practices, in particular as regards the availability of upland grazing areas.This picture offers then new insights into the issue of the mobility of goods, people and knowledge in general, allowing us to better define this cultural landscape.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY, AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: A PROPOSED MODEL

Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) is changing the landscape of global manufacturing. As a developing nation, Malaysia’s manufacturing sector is a leading contributor to the nation’s GDP but its growth is in declining mode recently. Facing competition from countries with lower labour cost, Malaysia needs alternative ways to achieve competitive advantage. Many of its manufacturers are new to IR4.0 and also cautious of investing in such technologies to increase its manufacturing performance. Realizing this, Malaysia’s government introduced a policy on IR4.0 by focusing on the people, process and technology. The goal is to increase the skill set of the existing workforce through knowledge enhancement and adoption of advance manufacturing technologies. However, high level of transformation is needed, collaboration with external parties is important, and internal business processes and operating models need to change too. Many of them are lack in slack resources to pursue both explorative and exploitative learning. Organizational ambidexterity, which is the ability of a firm to manage both of these activities is crucial for proper knowledge management and improving manufacturing performance. The objective of this paper is to examine such interconnection from the context of a developing country as information from extant literature is scarce, especially on the balanced approach to source, transfer and protect the knowledge for optimum gain in manufacturing performance. Three main activities of knowledge management will be examined namely external knowledge sourcing, knowledge mobility and knowledge protection. The inclusive of knowledge protection also narrow the literature gap as it tends to be left out in previous studies due to its conflicting nature with other knowledge management activities. All the hypotheses and resulted conceptual model will be grounded with theories of Resource-Based view (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Dynamic Capabilities and OA.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY, AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: A PROPOSED MODEL

Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) is changing the landscape of global manufacturing. As a developing nation, Malaysia’s manufacturing sector is a leading contributor to the nation’s GDP but its growth is in declining mode recently. Facing competition from countries with lower labour cost, Malaysia needs alternative ways to achieve competitive advantage. Many of its manufacturers are new to IR4.0 and also cautious of investing in such technologies to increase its manufacturing performance. Realizing this, Malaysia’s government introduced a policy on IR4.0 by focusing on the people, process and technology. The goal is to increase the skill set of the existing workforce through knowledge enhancement and adoption of advance manufacturing technologies. However, high level of transformation is needed, collaboration with external parties is important, and internal business processes and operating models need to change too. Many of them are lack in slack resources to pursue both explorative and exploitative learning. Organizational ambidexterity, which is the ability of a firm to manage both of these activities is crucial for proper knowledge management and improving manufacturing performance. The objective of this paper is to examine such interconnection from the context of a developing country as information from extant literature is scarce, especially on the balanced approach to source, transfer and protect the knowledge for optimum gain in manufacturing performance. Three main activities of knowledge management will be examined namely external knowledge sourcing, knowledge mobility and knowledge protection. The inclusive of knowledge protection also narrow the literature gap as it tends to be left out in previous studies due to its conflicting nature with other knowledge management activities. All the hypotheses and resulted conceptual model will be grounded with theories of Resource-Based view (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Dynamic Capabilities and OA.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY, AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: A PROPOSED MODEL

Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) is changing the landscape of global manufacturing. As a developing nation, Malaysia’s manufacturing sector is a leading contributor to the nation’s GDP but its growth is in declining mode recently. Facing competition from countries with lower labour cost, Malaysia needs alternative ways to achieve competitive advantage. Many of its manufacturers are new to IR4.0 and also cautious of investing in such technologies to increase its manufacturing performance. Realizing this, Malaysia’s government introduced a policy on IR4.0 by focusing on the people, process and technology. The goal is to increase the skill set of the existing workforce through knowledge enhancement and adoption of advance manufacturing technologies. However, high level of transformation is needed, collaboration with external parties is important, and internal business processes and operating models need to change too. Many of them are lack in slack resources to pursue both explorative and exploitative learning. Organizational ambidexterity, which is the ability of a firm to manage both of these activities is crucial for proper knowledge management and improving manufacturing performance. The objective of this paper is to examine such interconnection from the context of a developing country as information from extant literature is scarce, especially on the balanced approach to source, transfer and protect the knowledge for optimum gain in manufacturing performance. Three main activities of knowledge management will be examined namely external knowledge sourcing, knowledge mobility and knowledge protection. The inclusive of knowledge protection also narrow the literature gap as it tends to be left out in previous studies due to its conflicting nature with other knowledge management activities. All the hypotheses and resulted conceptual model will be grounded with theories of Resource-Based view (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Dynamic Capabilities and OA.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY, AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: A PROPOSED MODEL

Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) is changing the landscape of global manufacturing. As a developing nation, Malaysia’s manufacturing sector is a leading contributor to the nation’s GDP but its growth is in declining mode recently. Facing competition from countries with lower labour cost, Malaysia needs alternative ways to achieve competitive advantage. Many of its manufacturers are new to IR4.0 and also cautious of investing in such technologies to increase its manufacturing performance. Realizing this, Malaysia’s government introduced a policy on IR4.0 by focusing on the people, process and technology. The goal is to increase the skill set of the existing workforce through knowledge enhancement and adoption of advance manufacturing technologies. However, high level of transformation is needed, collaboration with external parties is important, and internal business processes and operating models need to change too. Many of them are lack in slack resources to pursue both explorative and exploitative learning. Organizational ambidexterity, which is the ability of a firm to manage both of these activities is crucial for proper knowledge management and improving manufacturing performance. The objective of this paper is to examine such interconnection from the context of a developing country as information from extant literature is scarce, especially on the balanced approach to source, transfer and protect the knowledge for optimum gain in manufacturing performance. Three main activities of knowledge management will be examined namely external knowledge sourcing, knowledge mobility and knowledge protection. The inclusive of knowledge protection also narrow the literature gap as it tends to be left out in previous studies due to its conflicting nature with other knowledge management activities. All the hypotheses and resulted conceptual model will be grounded with theories of Resource-Based view (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Dynamic Capabilities and OA.

How to orchestrate R&D networks? The role of orchestration subprocesses and collaborative practices over time

Although R&D networks have been increasingly used by companies to foster innovation through collaboration, there are still challenges regarding how to successfully orchestrate such projects. The goal of this study is to analyse how a hub firm orchestrates an R&D network through collaborative practices. We based our study on the three orchestration subprocesses proposed by Dhanaraj and Parkhe, namely, to foster knowledge mobility, guarantee innovation appropriability, and maintain network stability. To achieve our goal, we analysed the collaborative practices in an R&D network in the semiconductor industry in France. The case consists of an R&D network among 26 companies to create a new transistor. The data include 65 interviews and 192 documents. The study contributes to the literature on network orchestration by showing that specific collaborative practices performed by a hub firm enable a fourth orchestration subprocess—network reconfiguration—which is necessary in long‐lasting and complex R&D networks and also affects the other three subprocesses. Network reconfiguration consists in disassociating and attracting new members to the R&D network to cover knowledge demands, and is performed by the hub‐firm through specific collaborative practices. The results can benefit practitioners by showing which collaborative practices may be useful for a hub firm throughout the development of an R&D network.

A "Moderately" Bengali Alice: Tracing Moderate Nationalism in Trailokyanath Mukhopadhyay's Kankabati

A "Moderately" Bengali Alice:Tracing Moderate Nationalism in Trailokyanath Mukhopadhyay's Kankabati Sreemoyee Dasgupta (bio) We have all heard the Kankabati tale as children. Kankabati's brother bought a mango. Keeping the fruit in the safety of his room, he warned one and all—"Let no one touch my mango. Remember, I will marry the one who consumes it." A mere child, Kankabati couldn't gauge the implications, and ended up eating that very fruit! So her brother declared: "I will marry Kankabati!" Parents and acquaintances went blue in the face trying to convince them that this was not the proper thing to do! … The brother, however, refused to pay heed. … Kankabati was abashed beyond measure! She made a boat and set herself afloat on a river, winding away just behind her house, left with no other recourse. She was out of her brother's reach, and beyond his determination to marry her. —Trailokyanath Mukhopadhyay, Kankabati, translated by Nandini Bhattacharya This pracheen kawtha, or ancient tale, at the beginning of nineteenth-century Bengali writer Trailokyanath Mukhopadhyay's most well-known novel, Kankabati, foreshadows many of the concerns of female identity and agency that dog his eponymous heroine, while simultaneously establishing a difference between old folklore and contemporary colonial reality. He ends this little prologue with the words, "is it possible to believe such a tale? Is it probable that a brother would insist on marrying his sister for the sake of a mere fruit? This is patently impossible! I will narrate a tale that lies within the realm of probability" (Mukhopadhyay 3). While the story of Mukhopadhyay's Kankabati might not contain the incestuous and phallic overtones of [End Page 1] a brother and his mango, it does have similarly arbitrary and superstitious authority figures and speaks of a world where women continue to be oppressed by irrational patriarchal codes. Further, the tale he goes on to narrate is a fantastic one that recalls Lewis Carroll's Alice stories: a central female protagonist slips into a dreamscape where she encounters the strange and the wondrous; has adventures in unfamiliar and somewhat exotic settings; meets a variety of curious and fantastic anthropomorphic creatures and finally, returns to the realm of reality. If Mukhopadhyay seeks to highlight the contrast between the ancient tale and his own modern tale, why call our attention to similarities through his prologue? If he did want a probable tale (as opposed to the patently impossible ancient folktale that he recounts), why would he adapt Lewis Carroll's fantastic setting? By turning to the temporal and geographical intersection of the text's publication, i.e., late-nineteenth-century colonial Bengal, which was permeated by increasing literacy and the rise of early anticolonial political events, we can answer both questions. As a text of a very particular historical moment, Kankabati portrays the early stirrings of nationalism (also known as Moderate Nationalism) and a social discourse best represented by a fluid movement between the old and the new, reality and fantasy, between the possibilities and improbabilities of contemporary Bengali society. By framing his novel in the context of both an ancient Bengali fairy tale and Carroll's Alice stories, Mukhopadhyay calls attention to the changing political time and advocates for necessary domestic social reforms, while simultaneously voicing anticolonial sentiments. The world of textuality in nineteenth-century Bengal was chaotic and colorful. In the aftermath of the introduction of the colonial education system and the rise in literacy, education, and professional aspirations among the Indians, educators, both Indian and foreign, felt the increasing need for textual material more suited to the needs of the Indian population.1 The resulting rise in the import of European books took place simultaneously with the growth and formation of the domestic publishing industry. Although a variety of nonfiction materials were popular for the benefits of knowledge and social mobility they conferred upon their possessors, a large part of readerly attention was occupied by the delights of more imaginative forms of literature. This article explores the symbolic and functional advantages of imaginative fiction, especially the genre of children's fantasy, presented to authors in colonial Bengal. I argue that the ideological and formal conveniences offered by...

Sakai: A Mobile Learning Platform

These days, humans have been witnessing related technological and social development, by means of which mobile technologies and Internet yield global access to information with mobility of knowledge. Mobile learning platforms are designed based on electronic learning (e-learning) and mobility. It is regarded as a useful way to enhance the learning process. Sakai as a mobile learning platform, design intentions are to be adaptable to any educational purposes, within or outside the institution, dependent on the provision of effectiveness in classroom instruction based on the learning style of the students, extensible in the cultivation of thinking skills in the learner, and efficient in communicating and exchanging data among its enrolled classroom members and other online platforms. This study employed a systematic review of related literature to investigate the predominant research methodology adopted by various scholars to assess necessary factors concerning mobile learning platform. Fifteen articles are selected based on established criteria. The findings indicated that most of the researchers used quantitative research methodology in investigating the effectiveness and concern variable of mobile learning. Also find out is that most of the outcome of the studies include, achievement, perception, pedagogy, motivation and mobile learning platform as a form of educational technology.

Migrating fish and mobile knowledge: situated fishers’ knowledge and social networks in the lower Mekong River Basin in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia

ABSTRACTVarious terms are used to characterize fishers’ knowledge. Here we use situated fishers’ knowledge to refer to knowledge about long-distance fish migrations held by ethnic Lao fishers living in the Mekong River Basin in northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and northeastern Cambodia. We consider the mobility of knowledge, humans, and fish, and adopt a theoretical framework based on Actor Network Theory (ANT) and political ecology. Based on fisher interviews, we demonstrate why knowledge transfer related to fish migrations is important. Fishers have various ways of knowing when migratory fish pass certain locations, although those are changing due to borders and technological changes. The paper’s main contribution is to move beyond simply investigating human mobilities, and to instead consider the relationships between human, fish and knowledge mobilities, something that ANT is particularly well suited for, due to its focus on multispecies interactions, something that mobilities scholars would benefit from paying more attention to.

Knowledge management in SMEs and MNCs: matching knowledge mobility mechanisms to supply network configuration profiles

While ‘knowledge mobility’ presents significantly different challenges for SMEs and MNCs, it is strongly influenced by two common factors: the type of knowledge to be integrated and the configuration of the operations network. Here, SMEs and MNCs are required to make critical decisions about ‘levels’ of collaboration and knowledge sharing with network partners. A Knowledge Mobility Configuration (KMC) framework was developed, tested and refined using five case studies indicative of a growing shift towards information and knowledge-intensive activities. In terms of contribution, there has been limited empirical research to-date into the determinants of successful knowledge transfers in MNC-SME network contexts. The network configuration element of the KMC framework provides insights on how such networks evolve, and how specific knowledge mobility profiles may evolve over time. This more nuanced approach may be used as a basis for a proactive and differentiated approach to knowledge mobility and integration across SME and MNC networks.

PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING OF THE TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN GREAT BRITAIN

Using the comparative and content analysis of European and British normative documents and regulatory laws the main approaches to improving the professional training of the British teacher ready to work in the context of internationalization have been defined: namely, competence, modernization of the content of vocational training, practical-oriented.
 The implementation of the competence approach involves the development of new standards for the professional teacher training of the British teacher based on European professional competences, including the following components: European identity, European knowledge, multiculturalism, European professionalism, European citizenship and European academic mobility of teachers.
 The modernization of the content of vocational and pedagogical training of the British teacher is carried out through the introduction the international dimension into the basic professional disciplines and disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle, the introduction of special courses of international orientation («European space», «Pedagogy and European space in education»).
 The implementation of the practice-oriented approach to improving vocational and pedagogical training provides the performance of internships for teachers in higher educational institutions in Europe, organization of pedagogical practice of the students in one of the higher educational institutions of Europe or the world.

Revisiting Mackay Online

Revisiting Mackay Online

El prestigio científico de investigadores en la movilización del conocimiento

For this article we study the research groups of a public university in the state of Sinaloa in Mexico. The study focuses on in-depth interviews with academics conducting scientific research in the areas of Social Sciences. This led us to learn about scientific practices, knowledge mobility and academic prestige. We wonder if the evolution and prestige of knowledge is related to the mobilization of the knowledge of academics. Collaboration networks allow to establish forms of scientific prestige in the researcher's practice. We ask ourselves what strategies scientists have to develop prestige through the mobilization of knowledge. How scientists decide their national and international collaborations. The modern scientist has to fight between two forces, on the one hand, there is the pressure of the immediate environment (OROZCO; CHAVARRO, 2010), of the University and national community - in the Mexican case, this pressure is in public institutions such as the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) and the Minister of Public Education (SEP); there is also an external pressure of publication in impact journals, arbitrated. The scientific practice of these researchers is to establish relationships with national and international scientific peers. This article hypothesizes that pressures in the development and production of science diminish the idea of scientific prestige. The mobilization of knowledge is in the process of unequal institutionalization in each discipline or thematic forms of organization of current science.

Cooperation in the Field of Public Health and Medicine: Instances of Expert and Knowledge Mobility between Vienna, Zagreb and the Far East

Cooperation in the Field of Public Health and Medicine: Instances of Expert and Knowledge Mobility between Vienna, Zagreb and the Far East

Occupational knowledge and educational mobility: Evidence from the introduction of job information centers

This study examines the causal link between individuals' occupational knowledge and educational choices as well as labor market entry. We proxy occupational knowledge with mandatory visits to job information centers (JICs) in Germany while still attending school. Exogenous variation in the establishment of JICs makes it possible to estimate intention-to-treat effects in a difference-in-differences setup. Combining survey data with the data on JIC openings allows for detecting whether individuals benefited from the comprehensive information service. The results suggest that individuals who went to school in administrative districts with a JIC have higher educational attainments, experience educational upward mobility, and have a smoother transition to the labor market.