User's Knowledge Level Research Articles

Use of menstrual cup and awareness of environmental effects of menstrual hygiene products

ABSTRACT Besides the health problems and economic losses, not managing the menstrual cycle successfully also leads to environmental pollution and affects millions of individuals around the world. Among the reusable menstrual hygiene products, menstrual cups come to the forefront, thanks to their minor environmental effects. This study aims to compare the menstrual cup and single-use menstrual hygiene products regarding the level of user knowledge and awareness “being green” on the environmental effects. The study is carried out between April and May of 2021 on menstruating individuals aged 18–49 years. Among 3365 individuals reached within the scope of the prior study, 298 individuals using menstrual cup and 596 individuals using single-use products were selected. Based on the literature, a survey form consisted of 16 items is prepared by authors questioning the “being green” about the environmental effects of menstrual hygiene products (EKMP). The survey is published online on Twitter and responds are collected using Google Forms. In all the items with statistically significant differences between responded questions in terms of “green” answer percentages in EKMP, it was found that menstrual cup users have a higher percentage of green answers (p < 0.001). In further analysis, as the aged advanced, EKMP scores were higher among menstrual cup users and those expressing concerns about the negative effects of menstrual hygiene products on environmental health. Increasing knowledge and awareness on the environmental effects of menstrual hygiene products, and especially the environmental effects of single-use menstrual hygiene products, might raise the demand for reusable products.

NanoDoc: Designing an Adaptive Serious Game for Programming With Working Examples Support

There is an increased interest in serious games about programming, particularly for younger ages. The ability to evoke motivation and retain engagement leads to better learning efficiency and a positive educational impact. Serious games usually include support systems to assist novice users. In recent years there have been attempts to enhance support with intelligent tutoring systems. These systems adapt and provide personalized learning by analyzing user behaviour. Although this is a positive evolution, support still remains in the form of hints, images and videos. The paper describes an alternative adaptive method for support with working examples. An expert solution to a similar problem is displayed to the students allowing them to address the problem and start the solving process by analogy. Our previous research showed that working examples can reduce cognitive load during problem-solving and increase the student's educational results in comparison to traditional techniques. This paper presents the design of NanoDoc, a serious game for teaching the programming concepts of sequence and iteration to elementary school students. It features adaptive support with editable and executable working examples. Each example can be examined, edited and executed freely by the user until the required knowledge level is sufficient to solve the similar problem at hand. The adaptation method is based on a Fuzzy Logic algorithm and the dynamic modelling of user knowledge level. The paper also provides some preliminary results on student usage in the classroom and a questionnaire about the game experience. Plans for future research include investigating if adaptive support with working examples can reduce cognitive load even further and how learning is affected.

MHealth learning tool for skilled birth attendants: scaling the Safe Delivery App in India

BackgroundOne of the main drivers of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in India is a lack of quality of care in health facilities. Inadequate competencies of health workers, insufficient...

Developing Computer-Based Learning on Care of Aged and Dying Incarcerated People.

Corrections agencies are exploring ways to securely and cost-effectively increase access to high-quality, evidence-based educational programs for personnel. Technology-based instructional tools hold strong potential for continuing education. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Framework for Going to Full Scale was employed to guide a systematic approach. The purpose of this article is to outline and describe the design and development of a media-rich interactive computer-based learning product, Enhancing Care for Aged and Dying in Prison, which addresses geriatric and end-of-life care issues in corrections. Through an iterative process, the research team developed the computer-based educational program that included program and module-specific objectives in alignment with goals and priorities of the end users, detailed evidence-based content that was engaging and visually appealing, and assessments aimed at testing the user's knowledge. The Enhancing Care for Aged and Dying in Prison contains six modules, created under the careful guidance of the research team and the two advisory boards. Contents, including images and testimonials, were selected purposefully and strategically. Module objectives were developed in alignment with the goals and priorities of each module, and assessments tested user knowledge level pre/post module exposure. Completion of the training product advances the research and development necessary to further the goal of full-scale dissemination of the computer-based education. The goal of this program is to enhance care and improve quality of life for aged and dying inmates. Evidence-based training products are critical in preparing not only forensic nurses who work in corrections but also the broader group of correctional personnel in how to better meet the care needs of incarcerated persons.

Systemic approaches to incident analysis in coal mines: Comparison of the STAMP, FRAM and “2–4” models

Coal mine accidents are often caused by the coupling of multiple factors rather than by a single factor. Therefore, explaining the nonlinear and coupling characteristics in accidents by using traditional accident theory is hard. To cope with the safety challenges caused by the extensive use of digital components and the construction of complex systems, incorporating the idea of system engineering into accident analysis is deemed effective. First, this paper introduces the basic principles and analysis steps of the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP), Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and “2–4” models and then applies the three models to the eight coal mine accidents. Finally, the three models are compared based on their characteristics, analysis processes and analysis results. The results show that the accident causes identified by the three methods cover the main causes in the accident investigation report, and new causes were identified. However, the results of the STAMP and FRAM models are more comprehensive and systematic, but the model characteristics and analysis processes are more complex, whereas the results of the “2–4” model analysis are relatively broad, but the analysis process is simple and easy to understand. Therefore, the study suggests that although the choice of accident causing model depends on the user's knowledge level or accident type, the STAMP and FRAM models are more suitable for analyzing a small number of complex coal mine accidents, while the “2–4” model is more advantageous in the analysis of large number of accidents.

Awareness of Copyright and its Policies among the PG Teaching Faculty: A Study

Copyright is a form of intellectual property protection granted under Copyright Act to the creators of original works of authorship. Libraries are the backbone of any organization or an institution. Alongside, libraries are also the torch bearers, in the creating awareness of the IPR aspects to its user community. A study on finding the awareness levels in the area of intellectual property rights in general and copyright in specific is the need of the hour in the universities, as they grooming the next generation of workers happens in there. Here is a study aimed at to see how the faculties in the university are aware of copyright and its implications. There are a total of 62 respondents participated in the survey. The data has been analyses and interpreted accordingly and presented in the form of tables and figures suitably. The study has dwells in detail about Awareness on copyright, Purpose of using the copyrighted material, Awareness on copyright policies and on type of the copyrighted material, Knowledge on copyright, Awareness on Indian copyright act 1957, Views on copyright protection for their work, Safeguarding the interest of copyright owners and Understanding on the IP concepts among the teaching community. The study focuses on Awareness on copyright, use of copyright, to access the user level of knowledge on copyright and awareness on implications of copyright violation for self-learning, research as well as teaching among the faculty members of Post-Graduation Departments of Tumkur University, Tumakuru.

Farmers Attitude and Knowledge in Accessing aAQUA e-Agriservice in Maharashtra: A Critical Analysis

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have potential to deliver timely and relevant information to farmers. Several projects integrate ICTs to disseminate the agricultural information to farming community. Almost All Questions Answered (aAQUA) e-Agriservice is one such web portal to address the queries raised by farmers. This study was carried out to find the attitude of farmers towards the aAQUA e-Agriservice and to assess its impact in terms of knowledge gain about Improved Dairy Farming Practices (IDFPs). The ex-post-facto research design was followed. The attitude scale and knowledge test were developed and administered to a sample of 120 each from user and non-user dairy farmers in four districts of Maharashtra state. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (#=0.91) of reliability test was employed for measuring the attitude of farmers. The results indicated that one-third (32.50%) of the users had more favourable attitude towards the e-Agriservice followed by 24.17% of the users with favourable attitude. About 47.50% of users had high level (67.72–78.29) of knowledge about IDFPs, whereas one-third (33.33%) of non-users had medium level (58.86–67.71). One way ANOVA revealed that the level of favourableness of attitude of the users towards e-Agriservice on knowledge levels of users about IDFPs found significant at 0.01% level of significance. The study suggested that the attitude of target clientele plays an important role in acceptance of ICT-based interventions which makes them knowledge empowered.

The CORALIE study: improving patient education to help new users better understand their oral contraceptive

Objectives: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are the most widely used contraceptive method in Europe. Paradoxically, rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion are still remarkably high. A lack of knowledge about COCs is often reported to lead to poor adherence, suggesting an unmet need for adequate contraceptive counselling. Our objective was to investigate the impact on the knowledge level of users of a structured approach to deliver contraceptive information for a first COC prescription.Methods: The Oral Contraception Project to Optimise Patient Information (CORALIE) is a multicentre, prospective, randomised study conducted in France between March 2009 and January 2013. The intervention involved providing either an ‘essential information’ checklist or unstructured counselling to new COC users. The outcome measure was a questionnaire that assessed whether the information provided to the new user by the gynaecologist had been correctly understood.Results: One hundred gynaecologists and an expert committee used the Delphi method to develop an ‘essential information’ checklist, after which 161 gynaecologists were randomised to two groups. Group I (n = 81) used the checklist with 324 new COC users and group II (n = 80) delivered unstructured information to 307 new COC users. The average score for understanding the information delivered during the visit was significantly higher in women in group I than in the women in group II, even after adjustment for age and previous history of pregnancy: 16.48/20 vs 14.27/20 (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Delivering structured information for a first COC prescription is beneficial for understanding contraception. Our tool could ultimately contribute to increased adherence and should be investigated in a prospective study of long-term outcomes.

Faktor Pendukung Implemetasi SIMDA dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan pada SKPD Kabupaten Kulon Progo

&lt;em&gt;This study determines the factors supporting the implementation of SIMDA (local government’s financial management information system) on SKPDs (local government agencies) and the effect of SIMDA implementation toward financial statement quality. This research was based on the deficient SIMDA implementation, as demonstrated by inadequate accounting information quality. Inadequacy of accounting information quality was indicated by smaller number of SKPDs which obtain an unqualified opinion on their audit report. The population in this research is SKPDs in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The samples were taken using judgmental purposive sampling method. The hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation model through SmartPLS. The results show that the quality of data input and the level of user knowledge about SIMDA positively affects the SIMDA implementation. Moreover, the top management support was not positively influence the SIMDA implementation. Furthermore, the research also found that the SIMDA implementation has positive influence toward the accounting information quality.&lt;/em&gt;

An Overview of Welded Low Nickel Chrome-Manganese Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steel

Welding of Low Nickel Chrome-manganese Austenitic and ferritic Stainless Steel is an emerging area of research. Due to nickel price volatility, there was been increased interest in no-nickel or low-nickel economical grades of stainless steel. Chrome -manganese austenitic (“standard 200-series”) and ferritic stainless steel (“standard 300-series”) grades with well-defined technical properties have proved acceptable materials for specific applications for many years. This increase in the use and production of these low nickel grades is not currently matched by a proper level of user knowledge. So there is a risk that they may be used in unsuitable applications. It is very important to cultivate the method of fabrication like welding. This paper looks at the behavior of low nickel chrome-manganese and Ferritic austenitic stainless steel in terms of microstructure and sensitization effects.

Comparative Study on Effectiveness of the aAQUA e-Agriservice among Dairy Farmers of Maharashtra

Information is key ingredient for success of any individual, same is true in the case of farmers as well. During last two decades many organizations have undertaken knowledge interventions for promoting scientific farming. Among these interventions that have made significant progress in taking message to the farming community – aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) e-Agriservice is one such ICT project has made history and considerable impact in different states of India among the farming community. In present study an attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of aAQUA e-Agriservice in terms of knowledge gain about Improved Dairy Farming Practices (IDFPs). Ex-post-facto research design was followed and study was conducted in randomly selected four districts of Maharashtra. The data were collected through personal interview with the help of pre-tested interview schedule comprising demographic characteristics of respondent and developed knowledge test. It was administered on randomly selected 240 respondents (120 each from users and non-users group). About 47.50 per cent of users had high level of knowledge about IDFPs, while one third (33.33%) of non-users had medium level of knowledge. Both the categories of farmers possessed better knowledge about the breeding practices, as compared to the feeding-fodder and health care practices. The users and non-users knowledge had significantly differ at 1 per cent level of significance. At the different levels of education, the knowledge level of users and non-users about IDFPs differed significantly. The study finally revealed that the overall knowledge gain of users of e-Agriservice in IDFPs is quite better than that of non-users due to their efficient utilization of the aAQUA web-portal.

Cloud computing service for knowledge assessment and studies recommendation in crowdsourcing and collaborative learning environments based on social network analysis

Interactions among people have substantially changed since the emergence of social networks, the expansion of the Internet and the proliferation of connected mobile devices, and so have the possibilities of collaborative learning, with the inclusion of new e-learning platforms. From this point, assessing human knowledge in these virtual environments is not a trivial task. This work presents a novel cloud-computing-based service which relies on advanced artificial intelligence mechanisms to infer knowledge and interest from users considering the aggregated data presented from/to these users in different social networks. This way it is possible to assess with a certain degree of confidence the user knowledge level in different topics as well as recommend additional specific education related to his/her former studies in order to get a better/desired job.

The moderating role of knowledge in designing trusted web interface in entrepreneurial electronic businesses

In this research for the first time the moderating role of user knowledge in designing a web interface and electronic trust (e-truet) was studied. To this end, about 700 electronic questionnaire was sent to the target population of the study which consisted of faithful users of forum Arirangfa. 240 questionnaires were completed. Accepted questionnaires were analyzed through structural equations and partial least squares method and Smart-PLS 2.0 software. The results of the analysis of data indicated that: 1) the model was a robust theoretical model for predicting electronics’ trust through design of web interface. 2) According to user view, graphic design of website are not related to e-Trust. 3) Among dimensions of web design, structure design has the greatest impact on users’ trust on the website. 4) The level of user knowledge can not moderate the relartion between design dimentions of website and e-trust.

Predicting users' domain knowledge in information retrieval using multiple regression analysis of search behaviors

User domain knowledge affects search behaviors and search success. Predicting a user's knowledge level from implicit evidence such as search behaviors could allow an adaptive information retrieval system to better personalize its interaction with users. This study examines whether user domain knowledge can be predicted from search behaviors by applying a regression modeling analysis method. We identify behavioral features that contribute most to a successful prediction model. A user experiment was conducted with 40 participants searching on task topics in the domain of genomics. Participant domain knowledge level was assessed based on the users' familiarity with and expertise in the search topics and their knowledge of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms in the categories that corresponded to the search topics. Users' search behaviors were captured by logging software, which includes querying behaviors, document selection behaviors, and general task interaction behaviors. Multiple regression analysis was run on the behavioral data using different variable selection methods. Four successful predictive models were identified, each involving a slightly different set of behavioral variables. The models were compared for the best on model fit, significance of the model, and contributions of individual predictors in each model. Each model was validated using the split sampling method. The final model highlights three behavioral variables as domain knowledge level predictors: the number of documents saved, the average query length, and the average ranking position of the documents opened. The results are discussed, study limitations are addressed, and future research directions are suggested.

Using Intelligent Educational Technology in Computer Network

Abstract Nowadays distance learning has become very popular. The need for fully adaptive, intelligent tutoring systems has all the time developed. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to education to reveal the aim of existing tutors and provide better appreciation of this useful field. The dimensions for intelligent tutoring system (ITS) have studied to adapt the teaching according to examining the major knowledge structures required for an IT'S: knowledge area, instructional information, communication knowledge, and user knowledge. This paper is about learning network principle by intelligent system. The proposed method intended is to give a pretest exam to users for measuring knowledge level, following by accessing to the learning area, and at the end passing posttest exam to evaluating the improvement level. In this system, we proposed Network tutoring intelligent system that utilizes PHP programming for designing intelligent education system, My-SQL database for recording data, and fuzzy method to evaluate user knowledge level and degree of improvement by giving pretest and posttest quizzes.

Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry in Chromium-Manganese Stainless Steel Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Plates Using Artificial Neural Networks

The quality of the weld joint is highly influenced by the welding parameters. Hence accurate prediction of weld bead parameters is highly essential to achieve good quality joint. This paper presents development of neural network models for predicting bead parameters such as depth of penetration, bead width and depth to width ratio for AISI 202 grade stainless steel GTAW plates. The use of this series in certain applications ended in failure of the product as there is no adequate level of user knowledge. Hence it becomes imperative to go for detailed investigations on this grade before recommending it for any application. The process parameters chosen for the study are welding current, welding speed, gas flow rate and welding gun angle. The chosen output parameters were depth of penetration, bead width and depth to width ratio. The experiments were conducted based on design of experiments using fractional factorial with 125 runs. Using the experimental data feed forward back propagation neural net work models were developed and trained using Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. The training, learning, performance and transfer functions used are trainlm, learningdm, MSE and tansig respectively. Four networks were developed with four neurons for the input layer, 3 neurons for the output layer and different nodes for the hidden layer. They are 4 – 2 – 3, 4 – 4 – 3, 4 – 8 – 3 and 4 – 9 – 3. It was found that ANN model based on network 4 – 9 – 3 predicted the bead dimensions more accurately than the other networks. The prediction of weld bead geometry parameters helps in identifying the recommended combination of process parameters to achieve good quality joint.

Inferring user knowledge level from eye movement patterns

The acquisition of information and the search interaction process is influenced strongly by a person’s use of their knowledge of the domain and the task. In this paper we show that a user’s level of domain knowledge can be inferred from their interactive search behaviors without considering the content of queries or documents. A technique is presented to model a user’s information acquisition process during search using only measurements of eye movement patterns. In a user study (n=40) of search in the domain of genomics, a representation of the participant’s domain knowledge was constructed using self-ratings of knowledge of genomics-related terms (n=409). Cognitive effort features associated with reading eye movement patterns were calculated for each reading instance during the search tasks. The results show correlations between the cognitive effort due to reading and an individual’s level of domain knowledge. We construct exploratory regression models that suggest it is possible to build models that can make predictions of the user’s level of knowledge based on real-time measurements of eye movement patterns during a task session.

A CONSTRAINT-BASED FURNITURE DESIGN CRITIC

This paper reports on the Furniture Design Critic. We propose a computational model of design critiquing using the program, which as a research tool helps us explain how to select critiquing methods in the consideration of critiquing conditions. Surveying the literature of architectural education, we have identified two dimensions from critiquing comments: (1) delivery types (interpretation, introduction/reminder, example, demonstration, and evaluation) and (2) communication modalities (written comments, graphical annotations, and images). This paper also presents how the Furniture Design Critic system selects particular methods by considering specific conditions such as the user's knowledge level and the interaction history between the user and the system.

Fuzzy Grading for Content Management in E-Learning Systems

The authors are motivated by the concept of refinement in elearning systems so as to provide more support for the e-learners. A technique has been proposed for providing a customized knowledge in the form of graphics, text, analogy etc by grading mechanism using fuzzy techniques through which the knowledge level of user or learner can be determined and enhanced. It is impossible to satisfy every learner with a single example, so there arises the need of a system which would take feedback from the learner and dynamically customize the learning materials as per the understanding level of the end-user or learner. The content Management Tool (CMT) of the proposed framework of Expert E- Tutoring system plays a vital role for extracting the required contents from content repository by making use of fuzzy techniques. The proposed framework may also keep track of users’ learning capability based on fuzzy grading on a given topic, which helps to refine the e-learning content appropriately for the use of a learner .

The intimate mediator: a carer's experience of Alzheimer's

This research arose out of a collaboration between a service user (M) and two researchers. Following M's invitation to us to explore issues surrounding a carer's experience of Alzheimer's, we jointly agreed a research strategy in which we would engage in a series of interviews with M, with the aim of developing insight into how the intimate carer's complex journey can support and benefit other family caregivers faced with similar challenges. Using a broadly hermeneutic-phenomenological method, three essential themes emerged to describe the carer's journey: (i) something is wrong; (ii) the challenging shared journey: being the carer; (iii) coping through meaning-making: advocacy. We arrive at a position which considers the unique role of an intimate carer as a 'liminal' figure between the private world of an Alzheimer's sufferer and the public world of health and social care systems. The paper concludes with a consideration of how the unique role of the intimate carer as mediator could be more respectfully involved as an ongoing knowledge source for care planning and treatment decisions. Specific areas of consideration in this regard include mechanisms for such user involvement in policy making, day-to-day care delivery, and developments in the support of other carers. We hope to highlight the 'intimacy' of this position and the distinctive benefits and challenges of such intimacy in providing a crucial level of user knowledge and 'evidence' for ongoing treatment decisions. We also hope to highlight the value and power of single-case study in generating useful insights for practice.