Knowledge Innovation System Research Articles

Synergy of Inter-Regional Knowledge Innovation System from the Perspective of Industry-Science-Research Collaborative Networks

Abstract Knowledge innovation networks formulated by the collaborations between entities (industry department, school, research center and laboratory) evolving over time, varying by regions, is an indicator of inter-regional knowledge innovation linkages. In this work, we proposed a novel synergy analysis approach, taking the structural value of industry-science-research collaborative network as knowledge innovation subsystem parameter. The changing of this parameter indicates the synergy of Inter-Regional Knowledge Innovation System (IRKIS), incorporating the network structure evolution and systematic collaboration, also analyzing the IRKIS synergy capability. We collected 18,776 articles from 2009–2020 that are related to Alzheimer’s disease participating in China from Web of Science, and 7,941 patent data from the USTPO database. Then, we extracted knowledge innovation departments based on the dimensions of industry-science-research, constructed inter-regional knowledge innovation network, selected Degree Centrality, Close Centrality and Structure Hole as parameters of industry-science, industry-research, and science-research subsystems to analyze the synergy degree of IRKIS. The results indicated that evolution law of IRKIS could be explained through the perspective of industry-science-research collaborative network. The trend of more international collaborations illustrated by the rapid increasement of inter-regional knowledge innovation network parameter, however, the average synergy level of IRKIS in Alzheimer’s research is still low.

Retracted: Application of Internet of Things Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Innovation System in Table Tennis Teaching and Training.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/7625626.].

Application of Internet of Things Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Innovation System in Table Tennis Teaching and Training.

The Internet of Things is an important link in the future development of the Internet and will have a significant impact on development over the next five years or so. The purpose of this article is to learn how to use the Internet of Things to learn and practice table tennis and find new ways to integrate table tennis and the internet. This article proposes to build a detection system for IoT sensors and collect information about the ball's movement state and the athlete's movement state during table tennis. Through data analysis, we better guide athletes to develop table tennis training. At the same time, it also uses knowledge innovation to integrate the Internet of Things with the reality of life and better derive the development of the Internet of Things artificial intelligence. Based on this, this paper designs the construction of IoT sensors to collect the sports status of table tennis enthusiasts and verify the sports experience of table tennis enthusiasts by comparing factors such as physical training, basic skills and mobile training, interest, and confidence. The experimental results of this article show that the Internet of Things artificial intelligence has great potential, and it can innovatively promote industrial change. It better realizes the teaching and training of table tennis players and improves the teaching and training ability of table tennis by 20%.

Digital Analysis of the Transformation of Institutions in the Knowledge and Innovation System of the Handmade Carpet Industry

The Indian handmade carpet industry has various economic, social and national dimensions. The rich diversity of Indian carpets is a symbol of different cultures and traditions in this country like India and Iran. To ensure the sustainability of the knowledge digital and innovation system of the handmade carpet industry, in addition to considering the dominant approaches of the innovation systems, attention should be paid to the transformative approach that pursues holistic transformation in the production and consumption systems. The present study aims to identify formal transformation institutions, classify them into main categories and analyse them based on the production step, approval date, institution type and geographical area of approval. Based on the results, there are 316 formal institutions in the handmade carpet industry. By open coding, 372 concepts were extracted from 509 concepts derived from different formal transformation institutions. Based on the axial coding, the formal institutions were divided into six initial categories of ‘carpet authority’, ‘carpet sales and maintenance inside India’, ‘handmade carpet exports and imports’, ‘carpet production infrastructure’, ‘handmade carpet production’ and ‘sanitary-therapeutic category’. At the next step, the matrix of the main categories based on different production steps was drawn. Among the main categories, the highest frequency is related to the category of ‘carpet production infrastructure’ and the subcategory of ‘financial supply of carpet’. Although there are a lot of formal institutions that support production, carpet weavers as the main people involved in production have received minimum support during their working years due to unawareness of supports and loan conditions.

Assessing impact of triple helix variables to knowledge transfer variable and innovation systems

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the triple helix (TH) variable in knowledge transfer and innovation systems. TH is divided into 3 variables, namely Industry, University and Government. This study examined three TH knowledge transfer variables and innovation systems and the items variables that supported them. This study involved 360 respondents who were selected through an interception and online survey approach and had 4 hypotheses. This study used a structural equation model to test the hypothesis. The findings showed that TH which consisted of 3 variables had a direct relationship with knowledge transfer. Meanwhile, knowledge transfer was directly related to innovation systems. Although the TH concept had been explored in some previous literature, the role of TH and knowledge transfer had not been the concern of many researchers in creating innovation systems. Implications for practitioners, these findings confirmed that Innovation systems can be formed from an early age starting from the university environment and good government policies. These findings also indicated that knowledge transfer related to TH services needed to be studied from a broader perspective. Therefore, handling TH required synergy and a special strategy to take advantage of knowledge transfer in order to create an innovation system. Originality of this study, integrated the TH dimension with knowledge transfer and Innovation Systems.

Social Networks as Drivers for Technology Adoption: A Study from a Rural Mountain Area in Italy

Innovation processes includes social and communicative elements. The role of innovative technology for the development of farming systems is investigated in literature, but only a few studies deal with the influence of networks on the adoption of technologies by farmers. The aim of this paper is to verify if the adoption of smartphones for professional reasons by farmers is influenced by the networks to which farmers belong, the socio-demographic characteristics of the farmers, and their farm’s size. The case study is in the Valtellina valley, a rural mountain area in the north of Italy, where 53 livestock farmers were interviewed. The methodology is based on two steps. First, social network analysis is applied to diagnose the relationships of farmers in terms of connectivity and closeness and to detect the centrality measures of farmers in three different social relationships: production networks, market networks, and information exchange networks. A multiple linear regression model is then applied to test whether centrality measures of the three networks, the farmers’ socio-demographic characters, and the farm’s features drive the adoption of smartphones for professional reasons. Results suggest that the centrality measures in production networks positively drive the adoption of smartphones, while the centrality measures of market and information exchange networks do not have the same effect. At the same time, the farmers’ age negatively affects the use of smartphones for professional reasons, while the size of the herd, and the education and gender of farmers have no significant influence. The study contributes to the debate around the Agricultural Knowledge Innovation System and supports local policies based on the inclusion of farmers in the technological development in rural areas.

Old and new plants from the Americas to Europe: potatoes, corn and the genetics of double hybrid corn (1800–1940)

AbstractWe discuss the extension of corn and potatoes in Galician Atlantic agriculture during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as an innovation process that facilitated rapid circulation of a new cattle feed from the Americas to Europe. Specifically, we focus on Galicia from 1890 to 1940, a time of significant scientific interest with regard to genetic improvements. This new science made it possible to develop double hybrid corn plants that became widespread after the 1920s. In this article we will describe the conditions accompanying the introduction and spread of these American crops, as recorded by modernist historiography, then analyse the institutional and social framework – knowledge networks, innovation systems and institutional and social tools – that enabled genetic advances in the twentieth century. To accomplish this, we must trace the journey of seeds and knowledge across the Atlantic from places such as the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (1918) to the Galician Biological Mission (1921), among others.

Analysis on the Evolution Path and Hotspot of Knowledge Innovation Study Based on Knowledge Map

Innovation is the main driving force for promoting high-quality economic development. The ability for knowledge innovation and knowledge transformation productivity reflects the ability for scientific research transformation and the comprehensive strength of the science and technology of the country. This paper takes the knowledge innovation literature collected in the Web of Science database as its research object, carries on the knowledge atlas analysis with Citespace IV software, makes a knowledge atlas of the space-time distribution, document co-citation and keyword co-occurrence, respectively, and further explores the distribution status, changing trend and hot areas of knowledge innovation research. (1) American and British scholars have led the research in knowledge innovation, and Chinese scholars have followed the international frontier in this field; (2) The research evolution path of knowledge innovation can be summarized as follows: the research object is gradually detailed from the macro-enterprise level to the micro-enterprise level. The research hotspots are as follows: (3) The four hotspots of knowledge innovation research are based on research on the knowledge innovation system within enterprises, research on the knowledge innovation mode based on innovation cooperation among enterprises, and research on the knowledge innovation among enterprises based on inter-organizational knowledge. Research on the knowledge innovation path of knowledge sharing and enterprise knowledge innovation development is based on the global strategic orientation. This paper clarifies the evolution path and development trend of knowledge innovation research, offering a summary for further research and motivating professionals to research future knowledge innovation.

Evaluation of Regional Knowledge Innovation System in China: An Economic Framework Based on Dynamic Slacks-based Approach

The paper proposes a knowledge innovation performance model by the dynamic data envelopment analysis with slacks-based measure approach for evaluating the effectiveness of 30 regional knowledge innovation activities in China from 2010 to 2016. In recent years, China has paid more attention to knowledge innovation activities, as central and local governments have pushed on with their innovation projects by lots of investment whatever the difficulties may be. Decision-maker is usually interested in judge its knowledge innovation performance relative to target benchmark by exploring whether one provincial administration region performs better among others and/or if the growth of economy will be benefited greatly by the knowledge innovation activities. To acquire the managerial insight about this issue from a comprehensively designed performance evaluation model, knowledge innovation activity is conceptualized as an intertemporal production process. Invention patent and regional gross product are imposed on desirable outputs, highlighting the need for knowledge economy. The empirical result shows that knowledge innovation has a positive effect on economic development. At the same time, decision-maker should be interest in the economic effect of patents' type and quality. The government should then encourage new technical applications with greater commercial value from a market-oriented perspective, in order to benefit the most from the innovation process in the short-run.

Performance Evaluation of the Regional Knowledge Innovation System in China

Performance Evaluation of the Regional Knowledge Innovation System in China

An Agent-Based Simulation Model of Knowledge Spillover Under the Influence of High-Speed Railway

Abstract The calculation for the influence of high-speed railway on knowledge spillover is based on the results of global instantaneous equilibrium in the mechanism explanation of knowledge spillover. In real production, the interaction between the high-speed railway and the regional innovation system is dynamic and local. In order to simulate the impact of high-speed railway on innovation activities in the time dimension, it is necessary to simulate scenarios under appropriate parameter assumptions. Based on the interaction of economic participants, a discrete evolutionary simulation model is established, which is helpful to predict and estimate the evolution of spatial effect of high-speed railway according to the theory of cellular automata. It is concluded that high-speed railway accelerates the formation of knowledge innovation industry cluster in the region in the process of regional knowledge innovation and evolution. Under the influence of high-speed railway, the node city will gradually evolve into a regional innovation center. By comparing the production evolution of knowledge innovation system with and without high-speed railway, the results show that high-speed railway has a more significant impact on knowledge spillover in higher knowledge privatization environment. Under the background of low labor migration rate, high-speed railway has increased the potential of regional innovation to external knowledge spillover. In the case of higher labor migration rate, the convergence rate of influence of high-speed railway on the concentration of innovation is faster.

Transformational leadership and innovation: the mediating role of knowledge sharing amongst higher education faculty

ABSTRACT Transformational leadership has been acknowledged as an important influencing factor in knowledge management and innovation systems across a range of industries. However, there is a lack of research linking transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and innovation within higher education, specifically within developing countries such as Iraq. This research seeks to examine the linkages between transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and innovation in higher education. The study involved surveying 250 academic staff based in Iraqi public universities. A model was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. A positive direct impact was found amongst transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and innovation. Moreover, knowledge sharing was identified as a mediator between transformational leadership and innovation. The implications of the findings for higher education institutions are discussed.

Questioning the work of farmers, advisors, teachers and researchers in agro-ecological transition. A review

The French Ministry of Agriculture has called for agro-ecological transitions that reconcile farming and the environment. In this review, we examine the transformations of farmers and AKIS (Agriculture Knowledge Innovation System) actors’ work during agro-ecological transitions, and argue that the content, organization, and aim of farmers’ work are influenced by agricultural training, agricultural development, and discussions between peers, research, and regulations. Our main findings concern those transformations. The first finding was that there is an increasing expression of local particularities (situated ecological processes, micro-climates, etc.) and farmers’ singularities (e.g., relationship with nature). These particularities challenge AKIS players’ forms of organization and intervention, which used to be built on generic knowledge. Our second finding was that AKIS players have to consider their action as one potential contribution to the development of farmers’ experience: Their interventions become part of the flow of the farmer’s activities. The question for AKIS players is then: How can farmers’ own discovery of their natural and technical environment from new perspectives be facilitated? Thirdly, we found that transformations of work are systemic: The “doing”, the knowledge applied, and the values and norms to which subjects refer change. Facilitating transition can no longer be considered as a problem of knowledge availability. Fourthly, production of agronomic knowledge and ways in which it is disseminated are being challenged. Not only does knowledge have to be certified by scientific norms and methods, it has also to be valued by actors if it is to have an impact. The prescriptive relationship of science and AKIS players towards farmers is likewise challenged. This review raises many questions: Do agro-ecological transitions contribute to reorienting the development of farmers’ activity? Are agro-ecological transitions conducive to the development of sustainable farm work? What transformations of AKIS players’ work are needed to better support agro-ecological transitions?

Regional knowledge economies and global innovation networks – the case of Southeast Asia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the prospects of a Southeast Asian knowledge economy in light of regional integration processes and the participation of Southeast Asia in global innovation networks.Design/methodology/approachThe evidence base is a combination of quantitative data on R&D investments, patent applications and publications, with qualitative data from 40 semi-structured expert interviews conducted with innovation experts, research managers and policymakers in six ASEAN Member States.FindingsDespite economic growth and increases in R&D inputs and outputs in individual ASEAN Member States, innovation policy at regional ASEAN level remains weak. In addition, the economic integration of the ASEAN Economic Community is progressing slowly. In this environment, evidence is presented for a certain level of regional integration when it comes to the exploitation of knowledge produced within and outside of ASEAN. While a regional market for knowledge exploitation is conceivable, this is not accompanied by the regional integration of knowledge production.Practical implicationsThe main practical implication of this argument is the need for ASEAN policymakers to appreciate the disconnection between regional knowledge production and exploitation. This paper offers conceptual tools to engage in ASEAN-level policy discussions on this issue that can help facilitate the best possible regional outcome.Originality/valueDespite several studies on the ASEAN Economic Community process, there has been no contribution so far that combines a discussion of the economic integration process with a look at the regional knowledge economy and innovation systems. This perspective does not only contribute to innovation systems literature, but also entails important policy lessons.

Research on the Scientific Research Evaluation Innovation System of Humanities and Social Sciences in Research I Universities under the New Situation

In this article, the authors believe that research evaluation is a crucial method for scientific management in colleges, as well as an important reference for configuration of scientific resources. With development of knowledge economics in 21st century, research evaluation has become more and more profound. As a pronounced part of national innovation system, colleges are filled with talents, massive knowledge and complete scientific innovation system, which are considered as main force of innovation on knowledge and science. In new situation, comprehensive reformation of advanced education is fully implemented and construction of ‘Dual-First Class’ is completely started. In addition, development of philosophy and social science and construction of Chinese characterized innovation system philosophy and social science are tactic missions to research-based universities. As a consequent, completed evaluation system for researches in art and social science is required for research-based universities. Colleges are supposed to encourage everyone to build a ‘free and compatible’ academic environment, and to convert ‘project and product-based’ focus into ‘academic development-based’ focus. It requires colleges to values desire of original innovation and social value as the highest standard of evaluation system of art and social scientific research in order to guide teachers to achieve research product with high quality. Meanwhile, emphasize the importance of the experts’ status in the evaluation method, and use the academy as the lead and administration as the protection to provide support platform and long-term mechanism for the major breakthroughs in scientific research performance of the teaching and research staff.

Developing effective local content regulations in sub-Sahara Africa

PurposeThe authors propose a strategic-balance approach to local content laws in which less developed economies in sub-Sahara Africa can develop investment incentive policies for attracting multinationals and direct foreign investment but, at the same time, have a structured and operational framework for the enforcement of local content laws. The purpose of the paper is to identify the elements involved in the equation: the incentives, the potential spillovers and the criteria for evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe approach involves a review of the literature and the operational details and limitations of local content laws in sub-Sahara Africa.FindingsThe paper develops a conceptual model for a holistic understanding and management of this dilemma by policymakers and development practitioners to maximize the benefits of natural resources to less developed countries in sub-Sahara Africa towards the fight against poverty and underdevelopment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides the opportunity to influence policy direction in relation to the adoption of investment incentive policies and programs and the enforcement of local content policy guidelines and regulations in sub-Sahara Africa.Practical implicationsMultinational companies (MNCs) operating in less developed and emerging economies in sub-Sahara Africa should consider how their economic and corporate social responsibility activities can help develop the capabilities of the local workforce through training and development activities; develop domestic firms’ capabilities via enterprise development programs; and develop local firm’s absorptive capacities through knowledge transfers and innovation systems to support development activities.Social implicationsPolicymakers in less developed and emerging economies in sub-Sahara Africa need to strike a balance in adopting investment incentives policies towards attracting foreign investments and the enforcement of local content regulations to make sure they derive the maximum benefits from their strategic resources. It is important for policymakers to understand that the mere attraction of MNCs into an economy does not explicitly guarantee domestic job creation; rather, it depends on how MNCs respond to local content policy regulations through their business strategies. Linking investment incentives with local content policy regulations at a critical point could potentially support and strengthen industrial development in sub-Sahara Africa.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first to examine the challenges of both attracting foreign direct investment and enforcing local content laws and regulations in sub-Sahara Africa. This paper contributes to the understanding of this dilemma and how less developed economies can manage such a crucial and important issue using our proposed strategic-balance approach. The contribution of local content laws and the design and adoption of investment incentives policies and programs to attract foreign investment to promoting sustainable domestic growth and development must depend on the balance between the enforcement of local content policy guidelines and the provision of such investment incentive packages to attracting foreign investment.

Economic Growth and Human Capital in the Post-Knowledge Era: A Focus on Positive Externalities and Spillover Effects of Knowledge in Italy and the Emergency of the Less Developed Areas

The growth of learning and knowledge of a nation has been quantified in different ways, including country’s absorptive capacity to store information, to internalize knowledge, to invest in innovation and to transfer of technology in its area. In the context of the post-knowledge era, this paper estimates a growth panel data model in exploring the role of R&D s and human capital in regional economic growth and income convergence. The aim is double. On the one hand, to analyze the Italian ability for catching-up with more advanced nations, such as Germany. On the other hand, to explain divergent levels of regional growth behavior, focusing on one of the less developed regions and reducing the effects of spatial contagion of knowledge networks and innovation system: Sicily. The results reveal a lower gap in human capital between Sicily and the whole of the country than that in terms of innovation.

The Interaction between Local Producers and Users of Knowledge and Regional Innovation Systems

Under the fierce pressures of the rapidly changing environments, regional innovation systems are important in regional economy and national competitiveness. This study examines how R&D Investment from firms, universities and research institutes (Core component of Triple Helix Innovation) helps build regional innovation systems and its contingencies in China's emerging economy. A panel dataset from thirty provincial level regions in China from 2002 to 2011 indicates R&D investment from firms, universities and research institutes is important drivers of regional innovation systems. The effectiveness of R&D Investment is contingent on the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge. When the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge becomes increasingly active, R&D investment from firms, universities and research institutes has a stronger effect on the building of regional innovation system. Moreover, the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge has an invert...

SKACICM a method for development of knowledge management and innovation system e-KnowSphere

The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid method SKACICM of development of knowledge management systems. Based on weaknesses of the method of performance dashboards SKANDIA, we proposed a pragmatisation and adaptation of Skandia to give ASKANDIA, by enrichment of its performance book. We ameliorated CICM model against the requirements of GERAM to give ACICM model by mappings between their proposed metamodels. We tried to hybridise ACICM, ASKANDIA and business intelligence to propose a new method SKACICM of development of knowledge management systems. We applied SKACICM on a cement company to develop software containing three main modules, module knowledge management, module business intelligence and performance dashboard system. The developed system ameliorated the performance of the enterprise by 26% and could be generalised to other manufacturing or service systems.

Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: arts, democracy, and innovation in Quadruple Helix innovation systems

Arts, democracy, and innovation co-evolve. While for the Triple Helix model the existence of a democracy is not necessary for knowledge production and innovation, the Quadruple Helix is here more explicit. The way how the Quadruple Helix is being engineered, designed, and ‘architected’ clearly shows that there cannot be a Quadruple Helix innovation system without democracy or a democratic context. The following attributes and components define the fourth helix in the Quadruple Helix: ‘media-based and culture-based public,’ ‘civil society,’ and ‘arts, artistic research, and arts-based innovation’. By this, the fourth helix in the Quadruple Helix represents the perspective of the ‘dimension of democracy’ or the ‘context of democracy’ for knowledge, knowledge production, and innovation. This is particularly true when democracy is to be understood to transcend the narrow understanding of being primarily based on or being primarily rooted in government institutions (within Triple Helix). Civil society, culture-based public, quality of democracy, and sustainable development convincingly demonstrate what the rationales and requirements are for conceptualizing democracy broader. Political pluralism in a democracy co-evolves with the pluralism, diversity, and heterogeneity of knowledge, knowledge production, and innovation (‘Democracy of Knowledge’). The Quintuple Helix extends the Quadruple Helix by aspects of the ‘natural environments of society and economy,’ ‘social ecology,’ and the ‘socio-ecological transition’. Also, this environmental context of society can be better addressed in a democracy than in a non-democracy. The current world appears to be challenged by a race between developing democracies versus emerging autocracies over knowledge production and innovation. The contributions of arts, arts-based research, and arts-based innovation to knowledge production and innovation systems are manifold. Art helps and aids us in thinking ‘beyond the box’. The traditional understanding of arts emphasizes the aesthetic dimension of arts. Art and arts can also be understood (and re-invented) as a manifestation of knowledge, knowledge production, and knowledge creation. Arts and artistic research are now being regarded as drivers for forming and pluralizing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary configurations and networks with research in the sciences and the application and use of knowledge and innovation in the context of not only society and democracy, but also the economy. Art, arts-based research, and arts-based innovation contribute to creating (co-creating) the basis for new models of economic growth. This indicates opportunities for a creative design or creative design processes in the further co-evolution of knowledge economy, knowledge society, and knowledge democracy.