Knowledge Of Mothers Research Articles

EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING EDUCATION FOR POSTPARTUM MOTHERS IN THE TANGERANG CITY HOSPITAL

Background: Breast milk is an important food for newborns. Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of diarrhea, the risk of pneumonia, and can provide immunity for babies. Objective: This activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of postpartum mothers regarding how to breastfeed their newborns. Method: This activity started with education, then practicing latching on to the baby’s mouth. Participants in this activity were postpartum mothers at Tangerang City Hospital. Participants were given a pre-test and post-test, discussion, and were given the opportunity to practice giving exclusive breastfeeding directly to their babies. Results: There was an increase in mothers' knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding, from 20% to 100%. All participants actively participated in discussions during counseling and practice demonstrations on how to latch on to a baby's mouth correctly. Conclusion: Education can increase mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and practice how breastfeed correctly can help mothers undergo exclusive breastfeeding

Pemberdayaan Komunitas Melalui Asuhan Kebidanan untuk Mengurangi Kasus Diare di Desa Pemepek Pringgarata

Diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five worldwide, with more than 1.7 billion cases each year and around 525,000 deaths, according to WHO. Indonesia, including West Nusa Tenggara, has a high prevalence of diarrhea due to limited sanitation and access to clean water. The Pringgarata area, Central Lombok Regency, recorded 250 cases of diarrhea in children in the first six months of 2023, triggered by low public awareness of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS). This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about the causes, prevention, and treatment of diarrhea through leaflet-based counseling. The method used is counseling with an interactive approach including three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The counseling began with a pre-test to measure initial knowledge, followed by the delivery of material using leaflets, and ended with a post-test and question and answer session. A total of 15 participants took part in the activity, with the pre-test results showing that only 26.6% of participants had basic knowledge. After the counseling, this figure increased significantly to 93.3%. The results showed that the use of leaflet media and interactive methods significantly increased participants' understanding. This community-based counseling is effective as a health promotion effort in preventing diarrhea. As a suggestion, similar programs can be replicated in other areas, accompanied by cross-sector collaboration to strengthen public health education and the provision of sanitation facilities and clean water. Increasing public awareness is expected to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and support the national target in reducing the prevalence of stunting.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL BEHAVIOR (KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, ACTIONS) ON THE CARE OF BABY BOTTLES AND INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA IN TODDLERS AT BALOI PERMAI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, BATAM CITY, IN 2024

Diarrhea is the disease with the second highest mortality rate in the world, especially in children under five, more than 1,200 children under five die every day or around 444,000 children per year. Based on the results of the Batam City Health Office presurvey, the Baloi Permai Health Center has the most diarrhea among children under five with a total of 389 in 2023. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal behavior (knowledge, attitude, action) about how to care for milk bottles and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers at the Baloi Permai Health Center, Batam City. The design of this study uses a quantitative approach with a cross sectional approach. The research sample includes mothers who have toddlers. The number of samples in this study was 79 mothers with purposive sampling techniques. The location of the research was carried out at the Baloi Permai Health Center which was carried out in July 2024. The data collection tool used a questionnaire (knowledge, attitudes, actions) about how to care for milk bottles with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Data analysis using the chi-square statistical test. The results of the study were that most mothers had behaviors about bottle care in the poor category (60.8% knowledge, 57.0% attitude, and 64.6% action). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and actions of mothers who calmed down how to care for milk bottles with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers with a p-value of 0.000, so it can be concluded that maternal behavior (knowledge, attitude, action) about how to care for milk bottles has a significant influence on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers at the Baloi Permai Health Center, Batam City.

Analysis of the Success of Early Breastfeeding Initiation on Stunting in Infants Aged Less Than 12 Months

Introduction: The incidence of stunting in Tasikmalaya Regency has decreased from 41.7% to 24.4%, but in 2022 there will be an increase of 2.7 points to 27.2%. The Tasikmalaya Regency Government has designated 67 villages as special locations for stunting intervention convergence in 2023. Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency is one of the villages with a stunting prevalence that exceeds the set limit of 20%. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the success of implementing of early breastfeeding initiation in Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency on 2024. Method: This research method is qualitative with the aim of knowing the implementation of early breastfeeding initiation, mother's knowledge about early breastfeeding initiation, family motivation and the implementation of early breastfeeding initiation in stunted babies less than 12 months. Result: Based on the results of interviews during the implementation of early breastfeeding initiation, it is known that not a single baby succeeded in finding and sucking its mother's nipple, most did not exclusively breastfeed their babies, most did not know about early breastfeeding initiation, some most do not get motivation from their husbands and families in implementing early breastfeeding initiation and most do not prepare themselves for breastfeeding such as not taking care of their breasts during pregnancy. Conclusion: This research is expected to increase mothers' knowledge and motivation in carrying out early breastfeeding initiation.

Prevalence and factors contributing to missed opportunities for vaccination in Mogadishu, Somalia

BackgroundVaccination is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases. Despite the proven benefits of vaccines, missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) remain a significant challenge in many low-income countries, including Somalia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to MOV in Mogadishu, Somalia. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at various healthcare facilities in Mogadishu, Somalia, from January to March 2024. A total of 234 caregivers of children under five years of age were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health service utilization, and reasons for missed vaccinations were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with MOV. Results: The prevalence of MOV in Mogadishu was 26%. Key factors contributing to MOV included low socioeconomic status, lack of caregiver awareness about vaccination schedules, logistical challenges within the healthcare system, and misconceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy. Knowledge and beliefs of mothers about vaccination significantly affected the MOVs in children. Not knowing if all children should be vaccinated is associated with higher probability of (MOVs), (AOR =13.006, 95% CI = 1.175-143.924, p = 0.003). ConclusionThe study highlighted a significant prevalence of missed opportunities for vaccination in Mogadishu, Somalia. Addressing these missed opportunities requires a multifaceted approach, including enhancing public awareness about the importance of vaccination, improving healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring consistent vaccine supply and proper storage.

Navigating household food insecurity and environmental sustainability on a low income: An exploration of Sheffield mothers.

In 2023, 25% of adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland experienced food insecurity. The concentration of food insecurity in both socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and households containing children raises concerns about its uneven nutritional and health impacts across different groups. In parallel with rising food insecurity over the past decade, concerns about the environmental consequences of human diets are intensifying, where urgent changes are needed to people's diets to avoid irreversible environmental damage. It is generally assumed that cost has a significant impact on people's ability to adopt more environmentally sustainable food practices. This UK Research Council-funded project seeks to gain insights into the ways in which low-income mothers (are able to) engage with environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ1 will examine the day-to-day food practices that mothers undertake for their families to offer insights into everyday food insecurity and the relevance of environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ2 will explore biographical experiences to highlight how mothers' life histories influence their familial food practices, including their current household food security and engagement with environmentally sustainable food practices. Finally, RQ3 will explore mothers' upcoming prospects of food insecurity and environmentally sustainable food practices. These research questions will be explored through a qualitative longitudinal, feminist study of 15 low-income mothers in Sheffield, UK, combining in-depth interviews with ethnographic elements. Gaining improved knowledge of mothers' food practices on a low income will be valuable to influence realistic, effective and meaningful philosophies, policies and practical action that prioritises equity, good nutrition and environmentally sustainable food practices.

The Implementation of Gamification Methods in the Edusting Application as an Educational Medium to Enhance Mothers Knowledge of Stunting

Interventions for stunting are an urgent public health priority. Because mothers' limited knowledge about stunting has a direct impact on stunting prevention and management. One of the extraordinary outreach programs is the stunting socialization program for mothers of toddlers carried out at the integrated health post. However, the socialization action is considered too limited. Gamification is one potential approach to increase the effectiveness of these efforts by introducing game design and game elements into educational content in three areas: childcare practices, nutritional intake, and stunting prevention. This is expected to explore mothers' involvement and motivation to prevent stunting. Mothers certainly prefer a more attractive interactive interface and gamification applications will stimulate cognitive and emotional involvement so that mothers feel more comfortable in the learning process about stunting management. In this study, we present the design of an education that aims to help mothers understand and overcome stunting. This application is expected to make mothers better understand parenting patterns, nutrition, and stunting management so that it can help mothers' learning to increase the speed of mothers' understanding of stunting prevention.

Mothers’ Knowledge on Immunization and the Commitment to Get Their Child Immunized in a Suburban Region of Selangor, Malaysia

Background: Information regarding the significance of childhood immunization must be provided to mothers to ensure that they will effectively adhere to the immunization regimens that have been prescribed for their children. Furthermore, the recent increase in parental hesitancy towards vaccinating their children may be linked to the spread of inaccurate information by groups opposed to vaccination, which misleads parents about the benefits of childhood immunization. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of the mother's knowledge and commitment of getting their child to immunize surrounding childhood immunization to uncover gaps in understanding and potential barriers to immunization. This study focuses on primigravida mothers for their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunization. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design and gathered data from primigravida mothers who attended the Maternal and Child Health Clinic (MCH) in a suburban region of Selangor, Malaysia, from March to May 2018. The respondents were recruited via purposive sampling. The study included 72 respondents. Results: The results indicated that 68.1% of the respondents had good knowledge about their children's immunization, and 84.7% had a commitment to get their child immunized. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive correlation between the level of mothers' knowledge and commitment to get their children to immunize of children immunized. The simple linear regression analysis results indicated a statistically significant association between age, access to internet information, and readiness for children's immunization, with a p-value of less than 0.05. Two themes were identified: (1) personal coping strategies with the subthemes: a) faith in God, b) reflection on family, and c) unleashing the power of self-motivation, and (2) Personal expectation with the subthemes: a) fostering attentiveness and empathy in patient care, and b) hospital management’s role. Conclusion: Nurses should actively assess and deliver health education regarding children's immunization to enrich the parents’ commitment of getting their children immunized, especially when online platforms have the potential to be a successful means for healthcare professionals to share factual to a larger target group. This will prevent mothers from relying on false or misleading information.

Parental support and influencing factors for school-age children's healthy movement behavior: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Optimizing healthy lifestyles in children requires parental support for healthy movement behaviors. This study analyzed factors influencing parental support for school-age children's movement activities. Methods: This study employed an analytic descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, involving a sample of 355 mothers with school-age children. The independent variables included family, child, and environmental factors, whereas the dependent variable was parental support for healthy movement behaviors, as assessed through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression with backward elimination. Results: The factors that significantly influenced parental support for their children's engagement in light physical activities included the children's own level of participation in such activities (OR=2.52, 95% CI=0.76-6.67). Factors affecting support for moderate to vigorous activities were maternal exercise habits (OR=3.37; 95% CI=1.18-9.65), children's sports habits (OR=5.18; 95% CI=1.64-16.26), and the presence of personal gadgets (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.23-0.86). Parental support for preventing sedentary behaviors was influenced by parental knowledge (OR=2.33; 95% CI=1.34-4.05), mother's sleep duration (OR=2.46; 95% CI=1.27-4.75), and gadgets (OR=0.55; 95% CI=0.31-0.95). Factors affecting support for adequate sleep included children's light activities (OR=3.42; 95% CI=1.27-9.23) and their ownership of personal gadgets (OR=0.44; 95% CI=0.24-0.79) Conclusions: Parental support is influenced by the knowledge and physical activity habits of both mother and child, as well as gadget use and maternal sleep patterns. Pediatric nurses can enhance this support through health education focused on promoting healthy movement behaviors within families.

Relationship between Knowledge and Compliance of Pregnant Women in Consuming Fe Tablets in the Work Area of the Kartasura Public Health Center

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>One of the common health issues that can seriously affect both the mother and the foetus is anaemia disease in pregnant women. Taking iron (Fe) supplements on a regular basis throughout pregnancy is one way to prevent anaemia. Numerous expectant mothers in the Kartasura Health Center's service area are still unaware of the benefits of taking iron supplements during pregnancy, which leads to anaemia in many of them. In the Kartasura Health Centre, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the association between pregnant women's level of understanding on the use of Fe pills. This study employed a cross-sectional methodology and an analytical survey design. The research was conducted in the Kartasura Health Center Working Area, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province, and was carried out from August 2024. The study population of pregnant women in trimesters 1-3 who were in the Kartasura Health Center Working Area was 258. The sample was taken by purposive sampling from pregnant women registered at the Kartasura Health Center, so the research sample obtained was 72 pregnant women. Data collection was done through questionnaires</em><em>. </em><em>Univariate analysis and the bivariate chi-square test were used to analyse the data. The results showed a significant relationship between pregnant women's knowledge level and compliance level in taking Fe tablets (p-value=0.020 < α 0.05). When it comes to taking Fe pills, pregnant women with greater knowledge are generally more obedient than those with less information. It is recommended that health workers enrich the knowledge of patients by more routinely providing education related to the need to consume Fe tablets, using leaflets or posters that are made attractive. This can be given by health workers at every pregnant women's class meeting so that the level of knowledge of mothers becomes better and they become more compliant in consuming Fe tablets.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords : Knowledge, Compliance, Pregnant Women, Fe Tablets, Anemia</em></strong></p>

Knowledge and Attitude Level of Antenatal Mothers on Colostrum Feeding - An Community Based Exploratory Study

Background: Mothers during their postpartum period do not feed the newborns after child birth as soon as possible. They derelict colostrum feeding due to cultural beliefs and practices leading to lactation failure and immune deficits among newborn. Purpose: The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the existing level of knowledge, attitude regarding colostrum feeding and to determine the co-relation between existing level of knowledge and attitude regarding colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlative research design was adopted for the current study to find out the relationship between knowledge and attitude of third trimester antenatal mothers regarding colostrum feeding. The study was conducted in Maduramangalam Village after obtaining a formal permission from the village health officer. A total of 100 antenatal mothers were recruited as study participants through convenience sampling technique based on the inclusion criteria and a self- structured questionnaire was used to collect both the demographic data as well as for assessing the existing level of knowledge and attitude on colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers. Results: The study results concluded that, majority of our third trimester antenatal mothers who participated in the are moderately knowledgeable and has unfavorable attitude towards colostrum feeding. The mean score of knowledge on colostrum feeding was 6.05±1.76 and the mean score of attitude was 12.65±4.56 among third trimester antenatal mothers. The calculated Karl Pearson’s Correlation value of r = 0.635 identified a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude which infers that, when knowledge on colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers increases then ultimately their attitude towards it also increases.

Prevention of Stunting with the Edu-1000 Application in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Kupang District

The prevalence of stunting has decreased compared to the previous 2 years. However, this reduction still does not meet WHO's target, namely the prevalence of stunting <20%, while the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 15 provinces is still above 20%. The aim of this research is to analyze stunting prevention with the edu-1000 first day of birth application in pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers in Kupang district. method. The research design used in this research is "one groups pretest-posttest design", Results: The level of knowledge of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers is very good, the majority of respondents have very good skills, namely 25 people (50%). Based on the results of data analysis, there is an influence between respondents' knowledge about stunting on prevention attitudes as shown by (p-value 0.00 < 0.005), there is an influence between respondents' knowledge about stunting on prevention skills as shown by p-value 0.02 < 0.005. Conclusion. Prevention of stunting with the edu-1000 the First 1000 days life application can influence the incidence of stunting in pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers in Kupang district.

Effectiveness of Health Education with Booklet and Poster Method on Improving Knowledge and Attitude About 1000 HPK Among Primigravida Mothers in North Tapanuli District

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>One of the efforts to change the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards 1000 HPK is to provide health education. Media is very essential in the successful delivery of messages. In choosing a good media, it is very helpful to successfully convey the message, otherwise the media that is not appropriate can result in the delivery of a bad message. One of the media used is booklet and poster media. The purpose of this study was to analyse the Effectiveness of Health Education with Booklet Method and Poster Method on Improving Knowledge and Attitude of Primigravida Mothers about 1000 HPK in North Tapanuli Regency in 2024. The research used is quantitative with a Quasi Experiment approach using a pre test and post test nonequivalent control group approach. Data analysis method is univariate analysis aimed at obtaining the frequency distribution of knowledge and attitudes studied and presented with a percentage. Bivariate data analysis aims to see the effectiveness of the independent variable with the dependent variable. Due to the normal distribution of data in this Peneltian, the research analysis used the independent Sample T Test which aims to see the difference between the booklet method and the poster method. Sampling in this study with Purposive Sampling technique as many as 16 samples on the booklet method and 16 samples on the poster method. The study used the T test and obtained p value for knowledge of 0.729 and for attitudes of 0.381 which means that the booklet method and poster are equally effective of primigravida about 1000 HPK at Siborong-borong, Pangaribuan, Sipahutar and </em> <em>Siatas Barita Community Health Centre.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keyword:</em></strong><strong><em> Booklet, Poster, Knowledge, Attitude, 1000 HPK</em></strong>

Mother's knowledge of their children's oral health

Abstract: Evaluating parental knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene, feeding habits, and risk factors related to caries is essential, as this projects the parents' outlook toward their children's oral health. Aim: The study aims to assess mothers' knowledge of children up to three years of age about oral health for their children. Materials and methods: The subjects of the study were 90 mothers. Mothers' knowledge was collected after completing a questionnaire including 12 questions about their children's oral health. Results: About 94% of the mothers did not visit a dentist to seek prevention or oral care for their child. 29% of mothers believe that long night feedings with a bottle can cause tooth decay. According to 62.22% of mothers, night breastfeeding and falling asleep at the breast is not a risk factor for caries development. Only 22.22% of all surveyed mothers have heard about early childhood caries. Most mothers (64.44%) do not know that the microorganisms that can cause caries can be transmitted from them to their children. Conclusion: Our survey showed that young mothers need more knowledge regarding their children's oral health. Mothers must be educated and understand their essential role as 'promoters' of good oral health and habits for their children.

The relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of premenopause women toward readiness to face the menopause phase at Curug Community Health Center

Introduction: According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in 2017, 14 million people in Indonesia, or 7.4 % of the total population, experienced menopause. It is estimated that 60 million women will experience menopause in Indonesia by 2025. Preliminary data on ten premenopausal women at the Curug Community Health Center, Tangerang Regency, show that most women do not know well about menopause. This study aims to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of premenopausal mothers toward readiness to face the menopause phase

Pelatihan Kader Sebagai Agen Promosi Kesehatan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

The objective of this community service is to improve the knowledge and skills of health cadres on preventing sexual violence against children. The method of implementing this service uses Focus Group Discussion (FGD) targeting mothers of cadres in Plumbon Village, Temon District, Kulon Progo. The evaluation instrument for this service uses pre-test and post-test questionnaires which are then analyzed using percentage techniques. The results of the pre-test showed that 76% were able to answer all questions correctly. After providing material and FGD on the concept and prevention of sexual violence against children, the results of the post-test of community service participants who answered correctly increased by 12% or to 88% of participants with correct answers. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in the knowledge of mothers of health cadres in Plumbon Village about preventing sexual violence against children, as one of the provisions for carrying out health promotion.

Impact of Individualized Education on Mothers' Knowledge and Practices in Providing Care for Preterm Babies in Uttarakhand.

Preterm birth is a critical global health concern affecting millions of infants annually. Mothers of preterm babies play a pivotal role in their carebutoften lack the requisite knowledge and skills to provide optimal support. The study aimed to determine the status of mothers' knowledge and practices regarding the care of preterm babiesas well asprovide individualized teaching to enhance their performance by improving their knowledge and practice in the care of preterm babies. A quasi-experimental equivalent time series design was adopted for this study. A total of 47 mothers of preterm babies were enrolled using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested tools such as structured questionnaires on knowledge and practices across various domains of preterm baby care. The data from mothers were collected three times at regular intervals of three days. Each assessment was followed by re-education on preterm baby care. Most of the mothers (48.9%) were between the age group of 25-30 years and educated up to graduate and above (51.1%). About 87.2% of the mothers had no prior knowledge about preterm baby care. Most of the babies (76.59%) were born between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation. About 63.8% were male babies and weighed between 1500 g and <2500 g (74.47%). Most babies (89.4%) suffered from conditions such as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. At baseline, 95.7% of the mothers had average knowledge, which subsequently improved to 100% after teachingpreterm baby care (p<0.001). Similarly, 87.23% of mothers had average practices, which improved to a good level (100%) by the final post-test (p<0.001). Every new mother's knowledge regarding preterm baby care should be assessed. It is very important to teach mothers about the care of preterm babies to empower them to take care of their babies independently. Regular education of mothers significantly improves their knowledge and practices in preterm baby care.

Exploring the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practise of Healthy Eating Among Lactating Mothers in a Poor Rural Setting in North‐Western Ghana

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecognised as one of the most effective ways to guarantee positive maternal and child health outcomes, optimal nutrition for lactating mothers has received significant attention and investment both globally and locally. Despite this recognition, studies on maternal and child nutrition in Ghana have revealed that adherence to prescribed healthy eating regimens among lactating mothers in deprived settings has not received adequate scholarly attention. Thus, this study explores lactating mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding healthy eating to better understand the barriers to optimal nutritional outcomes for mothers and children, especially when chronic poverty is widespread.MethodsThis was a case study to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practise of healthy eating among lactating mothers in the Wa West District. Convenience and purposive sampling procedures were followed to select lactating mothers and healthcare providers, respectively. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data were analysed using Anderson's behavioural model. The model offers a comprehensive analysis of factors—predisposition, enabling factors, and need for care—potentially influencing lactating mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practise of healthy eating.ResultsThe findings show that while lactating mothers in the district were aware of the importance of optimal nutrition for their health and wellbeing; food insecurity and pervasive poverty limit their opportunities to adhere to a balanced eating regimen.ConclusionAn integrated development approach is needed to expand and sustain awareness of the importance of optimal nutrition for maternal and child health, improve local food production, and promote household economic empowerment.

Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention for Mother-Infant Dyads on Breastfeeding, Infant Health Outcomes.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of nurse-led interventions in enhancing breastfeeding women's knowledge and practices and in preventing diarrhea among their infants. The study was conducted in rural areas of Haryana, India, and used the survey design and pre-experimental research design in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. Mothers who had recently delivered a baby were identified using the birth register at the panchayat office, and 200 mothers who met the inclusion criteria were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by interview approach using the knowledge questionnaire on breastfeeding, observational checklist on practice of breastfeeding, diarrhea assessment tool, and the duration of data collection was between May to August 2022. In Phase I, exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding mothers were surveyed regarding the occurrence of diarrhea among infants. In Phase II, non-exclusive breastfeeding mothers' knowledge and practice were assessed, and then nurseled intervention on breastfeeding was administrated and on 30th, 60th, and 90th days, post-test was done. The study's findings demonstrate that the knowledge and practice scores varied significantly across different tests, from pre-test 1 (6.73 ± 1.94) to post-test 3 (16.19 ± 3.04), (F=294.11, p < .000) for knowledge, and for practice pre-test 1 (23.41 ± 8.90) to post-test 3 (101.81 ± 22.4), (F=535.98, p < .000) in the intervention group. Further, in the intervention group, there was decrease in diarrhea occurrence among various observations (Q=60.609, p < .000). The nurse-led intervention of breastfeeding is an effective teaching technique to improve the knowledge and practice of mothers, as well as it helps to reduce the occurrence of diarrhea among infants, there by it can contribute to reducing the infant mortality rate.

Maternal Perspectives of Newborn Hearing Loss in Resource Constrained Settings of Rawalpindi Pakistan

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of mothers regarding risk factors, early identification, and intervention for infant hearing loss and to determine association between hearing loss and consanguineous marriages in Pakistan. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Out Patient Department of tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Jun 2021. Methodology: 111 mothers consented to participate. Data was collected using a structured researcher administered questionnaire. It included four sections with 37 questions that were answered in yes, no, or unsure. Analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: Mothers' knowledge of two risk factors was high with most respondents being aware of head injury or slap to the ear (n=94) being a risk for hearing loss, followed by ear pain/discharge (n=88). 66.7%(n=72) of participants considered use of ototoxic drugs by mother during pregnancy to be a potent risk factor for neonatal hearing loss. The mothers' understanding of natal causes such as delayed birth cry and neonatal jaundice was poor. Their understanding of postnatal causes such as high fever, frequent hospitalization, and long stay in NICU was also limited. Mothers who were employed had significantly more awareness in certain factors than housewives. 45.4% (n=49) of the mothers believed being in a cousin marriage influenced infant hearing loss while 38.9% (n=42) disagreed, and 15.7% (n=17) were unsure.Conclusion: Only half of all participating mothers were fully aware of the possible risk factors and causes of infant hearing loss. Seminars and public awareness programs should be arranged to educate mothers about risks of infant hearing loss.