Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, practices and treatment-seeking behaviour concerning cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural hyperendemic communities in western Yemen

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is a major public health problem in Yemen with widespread distribution in rural areas. Evaluating the knowledge and understanding of people’s beliefs towards the disease is essential to the implementation of effective control measures. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and treatment-seeking behaviour concerning CL among rural populations in the western highlands of Yemen. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 289 household heads in four rural areas of the Utmah District. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. All the participants had heard about the disease; however, only 9.3% attributed it to sandflies. Nearly half (48.1%) of the participants could not mention any preventive measures for CL, and nearly two-thirds (65.4%) could not do so for sandflies. The overall ‘good’ knowledge about CL was found to be 51.2%, and it was 33.9% for sandflies. The participants’ attitude and prevention practices towards CL were not satisfactory, as only 38.1% and 16.3% had a positive attitude and good CL-related prevention practices, respectively. Moreover, 45.7% believed CL to be a stigmatising disease, and 50% had used traditional remedies to treat suspected CL lesions. Multivariate analyses showed that age, sex, presence of CL-confirmed cases in the same household, residency, occupation and monthly household income were the significant predictors associated with KAP concerning CL among the participants. The findings support an urgent need for integrated health education and community mobilisation interventions to improve awareness of these vulnerable populations about this devastating disease.

Exploring COVID-19 Phobia among International Chinese College Students in South Korea Before Ending COVID-19 Restrictions

BackgroundCollege students, considered to be the driving force of society, are highly vulnerable to COVID-19. At a time when facing a new pandemic wave in 2022, China’s policy was in contrast with that of Korea. We investigated the phobia levels of international Chinese college students studying in Korea.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of use and trust of information sources, and COVID-19 phobia (C19P) among Chinese college students studying in Korea before ending related restrictions.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design, conducting an online survey among Chinese college students studying in Korea from April 8–15, 2022 (before Korea ended the limitations due to COVID-19). Data about 319 respondents were analyzed, including socio-demographics, information variables, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and C19P. Hierarchical regression analysis with different models was used to examine the relationship between information trust, KAP, and C19P.ResultsResults showed that students performed well in knowledge and preventive practices, had diverse sources of getting information related to COVID-19, and highly depended on the internet and news. Students who perceived a higher severity of infection showed higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. The tendency to wear masks with family/friends, avoid crowded places, and not agree with Korean government mitigation policies reported higher levels of COVID-19 phobia.ConclusionsMore authority and proactive communication strategies, such as consultations or education programs, are needed for international students to alleviate their phobias and psychological stress.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of General Practitioners on Peripheral Neuropathies in Benin in 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: First healthcare actors in neurological diseases management, General Practitioners (GPs) still limited in the assessment of Peripheral Neuropathies (PN). This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) of GPs on PN in Benin in 2021 and identifying associated factors to low KAP. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from 20 November 2020 to 30 June 2021 which included GPs registered in the National Order of Physicians in Benin and interns in last year of medical studies (MS). An overall KAP score of 24 points was derived. KAP levels were low (score < 17), medium (17 to 19) and high (score ≥ 20). Multivariable regression models were performed to identify factors associated with low KAP. Results: 645/1,066 participants (60.5%) were included in the study with median age 28years [Interquartile range IQR: 26-30 years], and 442 (68.5%) were male. The KAP level was low in 70.1%. 16.7% had a low knowledge of polyneuropathy manifestations, 35% perceived PN as an incurable disease. Lack of knowledge on PN before MS (adjusted Odds-ratio aOR = 1.6 [95% confidence interval CI: 1.1-2.3]), and no postgraduate training on PN (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.1-3.0]) were associated with low overall KAP level. Working in rural area (aOR = 0.4 [95%CI: 0.2-0.7]), and being an intern (aOR = 0.6 [95%CI: 0.4-0.9]) were associated with better overall KAP level. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for better training with strong emphasis on PN during the MS and the organization of postgraduate training for GPs; the cornerstone for improving the management of PN in Benin.

Evaluating the Knowledge Attitudes Practices of Specialist Healthcare Providers [OB/GYN] on Femtech: A Cross-Sectional Study

Evaluating the Knowledge Attitudes Practices of Specialist Healthcare Providers [OB/GYN] on Femtech: A Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy of the Chinese public regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an online cross-sectional survey.

To evaluate the current status of Chinese public's knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and self-efficacy regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to analyze the factors that influence KAP and self-efficacy. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2022 in Mainland China via a self-designed self-filled questionnaire. Potential participants were recruited through WeChat by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were used for statistical analysis. The survey included 4,450 participants from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities across Mainland China, aged 18 or above. The public's average understanding (clear and very clear) of the knowledge regarding CPR was 67.4% (3,000/4,450), with an average proportion of positive attitudes at 96.8% (4,308/4,450). In practice, the average proportion of good practices was 92.8% (4,130/4,450), while the percentage of good self-efficacy averaged at 58.9% (2,621/4,450), only 42.4% (1,885/4,450) of the participants had confidence in the correct use of automated external defibrillator (AED). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation among knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that several factors have a significant influence on the public's CPR KAP and self-efficacy, including ever having received CPR training (p < 0.001), hearing about AED (p < 0.001), performing CPR on others (p < 0.001), hearing about CPR (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), personal health status (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), and encountering someone in need of CPR (p = 0.021). The Chinese public demonstrates good knowledge of CPR, positive attitude, and high willingness to perform CPR. However, there is still room for improvement in the mastery of some professional knowledge points related to CPR and AED. It should be noted that knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy are interrelated and influence each other. Factors such as prior CPR training, hearing about AED, having performed CPR before, hearing about CPR, occupation, personal health status, education level, gender, and having encountered someone in need of CPR have a significant impact on the public's KAP and self-efficacy.

Development and testing of the knowledge–attitudes–practices questionnaire for nurses on the perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a suitable scale for assessing the level of nurses' knowledge and practice of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation. MethodsWe divided the study into two phases: scale development and validation. In Phase 1, the initial items were generated through a literature review. In Phase 2, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 603 thoracic nurses to evaluate the scale's validity, reliability, and difficulty and differentiation of items. Item and exploratory factor analyses were performed for item reduction. Thereafter, their validity, reliability, difficulty, and differentiation of items were assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, retest reliability, content validity, and item response theory (IRT). ResultsThe final questionnaire comprised 34 items, and exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 common dimensions with internal consistency coefficients of 0.950, 0.959, and 0.965. The overall internal consistency of the scale was 0.966, with a split-half reliability of 0.779 and a retest reliability Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.936. The content validity of the scale was excellent (item-level content validity index = 0.875–1.000, scale-level content validity index = 0.978). The difficulty and differentiation of item response theory were all verified to a certain extent (average value = 2.391; threshold β values = −1.393–0.820). ConclusionsThe knowledge–attitudes–practices questionnaire for nurses can be used as a tool to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices among nurses regarding perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer.

A retrospective study on cholera understanding and WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) behavior among adolescents in three regions of La Gonâve, Haiti

BackgroundsThis study assesses the impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions on cholera understanding and hygiene practices in La Gonâve Island, Haiti. It examines the changes after implementing interventions in seven villages across the Downtown, Mountain, and Seaside regions. MethodsA retrospective investigation surveyed 210 school students from each region using a validated questionnaire. It assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and environmental aspects related to cholera and hygiene. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. ResultsThe study highlights significant disparities in education levels, toilet ownership, and healthcare access. Challenges in finding public toilets (86.67%) and accessing water sources (67.78%) are consistent across regions, with Seaside facing financial constraints (85.00%) and water cost concerns (91.67%). Attitudes toward hygiene vary, with the Mountain region having the highest ‘Never’ responses for handwashing (38.89%), and Downtown leading in water treatment practices (11.67%). There is a strong willingness to share health knowledge, particularly in Downtown (100.00%). Seaside (83.33%) and Downtown (73.33%) revealed a higher cholera awareness, while nearly half of Mountain students lacked knowledge (54.44%). ConclusionsThis study highlights significant disparities in WASH practices among La Gonâve's adolescents in Downtown, Mountain, and Seaside regions. Urgent interventions are crucial for improving sanitation, ensuring clean water access, and implementing targeted hygiene education, especially in the resource-constrained Mountain and Seaside areas. The findings underscore the vital roles of adolescents and schools in disseminating knowledge, with further research needed to explore intervention differences.

Understanding the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthy Eating among Adolescents in Chongqing, China: An Empirical Study Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling.

Healthy eating is crucial for optimal growth, development, and the prevention of chronic diseases in adolescents. Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and healthy eating among adolescents in Chongqing. An online questionnaire was administered to middle school students in 39 districts and counties of Chongqing, China from 2 December to 15 December 2021 to collect sociodemographic and KAP information. SEM models were constructed to examine the relationships between educational environment and healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The Monte Carlo test was employed to assess the significance of the mediating effect of relevant variables. The study included 139,832 adolescents aged 14.8 ± 0.7 years, with a 14% rate of overweight and obesity. Health and nutrition knowledge averaged a score of 3.60 ± 1.50 (correct rate: 60%). Participants had positive attitudes (average score: 13.61 ± 2.29) and engaged in healthy eating practices (average score: 12.06 ± 3.08). The results of the SEM revealed a significant influence of the educational environment on adolescents' knowledge (β = 0.235, p < 0.001) and attitude towards healthy eating (β = 0.143, p < 0.001). Knowledge exhibited positive effects on both attitude (β = 0.225, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.054, p < 0.001), while attitude exhibited positive effects on practice behavior (β = 0.565, p < 0.001). The indirect effect of knowledge on practices through attitude was more substantial than the direct effect (ratio 2.361). Our study highlights the mediating role of attitude between healthy eating knowledge and practices. A significant association exists between a favorable educational environment and improved knowledge and positive attitudes toward healthy eating among adolescents. In the future, nutrition and health education should prioritize exploring effective ways to translate knowledge into practices.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) of Brucellosis in Occupationally Exposed Groups in Armenia

Brucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by the genus Brucella, is a zoonotic and occupational disease. A high risk of infection with Brucella is associated with the workplace. Infection may occur by inhalation, conjunctival or skin contamination, accidental injury with a syringe, or exposure in a slaughterhouse or food processing facility. This study delves into Brucellosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella, focusing on occupational exposure among slaughterhouse workers and food processors in Armenia. The research assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 306 participants, including 18 slaughterhouse workers and 288 food processors (76 meat and 212 milk employees). Despite universal awareness (100 %) of Brucellosis risk, the study uncovers potential shortcomings in workplace practices, notably in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), as 43.9 % of respondents wash their working clothes at home. The findings underscore the need for ongoing education and remediation efforts to enhance safety measures and also emphasize the imperative of addressing these issues within at-risk groups in Armenia.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in meat and poultry workers after the "first wave" (Summer 2020): a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) of Italian occupational physicians.

This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Italian Occupational Physicians (OPs) on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among meat/poultry processing plant workers (MPWs) (Summer season 2020). Data were collected through an online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, and items about COVID-19-related KAP in MPWs. A logistic regression was modelled in order to characterize explanatory variables of the outcome variable of having any professional experience as OP in meat/poultry processing industry. A total of 424 OPs (mean age 49.0 ± 9.1years; 49.5% males) participated into the survey. Despite a generally good level of knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, OPs having professional experience with MPWs failed to recognize any increased risk for COVID-19 (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.162; 95% Confidence intervals [95%CI] 0.039-0.670), and were less likely to recommend periodical tests via nasal swabs (OR 0.168, 95%CI 0.047-0.605). On the contrary, they identified socioeconomic status of MPWs as a risk factor (OR 5.686, 95%CI 1.413-22.881), recommending cleaning interventions on changing rooms and canteens (OR 16.090, 95%CI 1.099-259.244). In conclusion, we reported a diffuse underestimation of the risk for COVID-19, that was alarmingly higher among professionals who should be more familiar with the specific requirements of MPWs. Some significant knowledge gaps were also clearly identified, stressing the opportunity for tailored educative interventions (www.actabiomedica.it).

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Acceptance of Gynecologic Cancer Patients Toward Covid-19 Vaccine in Thailand: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and acceptance of gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand related to the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS Gynecologic cancer patients from Chiang Mai University Hospital, Khon Kaen University Hospital, Khon Kaen Hospital, Prince of Songkhla University Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bangkok were surveyed using a WHO survey instrument. RESULTS Between February and September 2022, 1,263 patients partici-pated in this project of whom 1,084 (85.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The highest rate of vaccination was the NCI followed by Khon Kaen, Chiang Mai, and Songkhla. Of the participants, 28.2% were infected with COVID-19 and 12.9% of the infected participants were unvaccinated. Regarding KAP, the average scale level of overall participants reported ease in obtaining health literacy, a moderate probability of having severe COVID-19 infection, knowledge and adoption of proper appropriate behavior for the prevention of COVID infection, little stress regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and quite a lot of a significant level of trust in healthcare workers. Most participants generally agreed with the lifting of some regular rules to reduce the risk of infection and often many expressed a feeling of general well-being. The significantly different levels of rating scale by unvaccinated and vaccinated participants in the key areas were as follows: (Patients rated each of the areas investigated on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 indicating lowest level of agreement/acceptance and 6 indicating the highest level) health ministry recommendations (3.92 vs. 4.16), ease of getting the COVID vaccine (3.6 vs. 3.9), “no need to receive the vaccine due to the disease being rare” (2.6 vs. 2.2), “stress made me not want to get vaccinated” (2.6 vs. 2.1), “if everyone is vaccinated, no need for me to vaccinate” (2.5 vs. 1.9), and the importance of COVID-19 vaccines (3.7 vs. 4.2). CONCLUSIONS Most gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand had received the COVID-19 vaccine and exhibited good knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this pandemic. KEYWORDS COVID-19-vaccine, gynecologic cancer patients, attitude, practice

Balancing benefits and risks: Assessing willingness to accept compensation for clean energy facility siting in China-An examination of knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Provisions for compensation have been widely used to handle siting difficulties in many countries. However, neglecting the factors that influence the residents' willingness to accept compensation (WTA) for the siting of clean energy facilities for the long term has led to the failure of compensation, which could potentially cause stalemates or even conflicts in projects. Given the representativeness of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the siting of clean energy facilities, this study chose the siting of NPPs as a case study. Moreover, an extended knowledge-attitudes-practices (KAP) model was constructed to explore the key factors that affect the residents' WTA since this model excels at understanding individual behaviors. The results show that the WTA is extremely low. Knowledge has positive effects on attitudes, which is also the most significant predictive factor of the WTA. More knowledge leads to lower pollution perceptions but results in higher safety perceptions and pro-environmental values. Perceptions of safety and pollution mediate the relationship between knowledge and the WTA, but the mediating effects of pro-environmental values are not significant. The negative effects of pollution perceptions are greater than the positive effects of safety perceptions of WTA. These results may serve as a basis to improve public evaluation to handle crises in other countries and regions.

P28-039-23 Building Capacities of Community Health Workers To Improve Nutrition Outcomes in Rural India: A Knowledge Attitudes Practices Framework

P28-039-23 Building Capacities of Community Health Workers To Improve Nutrition Outcomes in Rural India: A Knowledge Attitudes Practices Framework

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and mental health status among college students in China: a cross-sectional study.

During the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little was known about the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) about COVID-19 and psychological status of college students in minority areas. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP of college students in minority areas of China toward COVID-19 and to provide a scientific basis for health education and policy formulation. From October 28th to November 6th, 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,272 college students to examine KAP and its effects on mental health. Regarding COVID-19 knowledge, the overall awareness rate was 24.11% (1,271). Regarding health attitudes, most students had positive attitudes about COVID-19 prevention and control (94.95%), and females had higher positive attitudes than males (OR: 1.920; CI: 1.494-2.469). Regarding preventive behaviors, more than half of the students took preventive measures (53.48%), and freshmen had the highest health behavior scores. In terms of psychological status, there were fewer females with depression and stress than males. College students in minority areas have positive health attitudes; however, their knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control is low. Moreover, their precautionary behaviors are insufficient, and they have many negative emotions.

Outcomes of Hemorrhage Control Training for Community Organizations in Rwanda

Introduction:Traumatic injury from road traffic accidents is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Rwanda. Basic first aid training can help bystanders to provide prehospital care. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Stop the Bleed (STB) hemorrhage control training on participant knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding bleeding control.Method:A total of 64 participants from two community organizations (Healthy People Rwanda and the Rwandan Emergency Care Association) were provided with training in STB. The course included a didactic presentation and skills session where participants could practice skills. A KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices) survey was provided to participants before training, immediately after training, three months, and six months post-training.Results:Immediately after training, participant knowledge of bleeding control techniques improved across 5 of 7 questions, including correct tourniquet placement (98% vs 85%) and the correct order of steps to take when treating bleeding (63% vs 9%). There was also a significant increase in confidence across six measures: identifying life-threatening bleeding, applying a tourniquet, applying direct pressure, wound packing, treating severe active bleeding, and teaching bleeding control techniques to others (p&lt;0.001). After three months, 100% (n = 21) of participants reported using at least one skill from the course, and 95.24% (n = 20) reported using at least one piece of equipment provided during the course. After six months, 93.33% (28 of 30) of participants reported using at least one skill from the course, and 86.67% (26 of 30) reported using at least one piece of equipment provided during the course. Notably, 17 participants reported using the tourniquet they had received by six months post-training.Conclusion:This study found that STB training increased participant knowledge of bleeding control techniques and confidence in performing techniques for bleeding control. All participants reported using skills learned from the course.

Structural Drivers of Vulnerability at the Human-Rodent Interface in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique

Abstract This socio-anthropological study investigates the relations between humans and rodents in an area adjacent to the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique. Designed as part of the larger researcher on mammarenaviruses, it explores the social dimensions of the rodent-human interface, considering its spatial and temporal variability. Its results contribute to our understanding of the socio-ecological context in which new pathogens or new routes of pathogen transmission could arise and potentially spread diseases. A vulnerability-based approach was used to assess human exposure, sensibility and capacity to adapt to rodents. This study revealed: (i) Local knowledge of the dynamic of rodent populations over the last few decades, with new invasive rodents displacing native species; (ii) the social-ecological factors thought to be behind this invasion: climate change, new infrastructure (e.g., construction of a dam), new agricultural practices (e.g., cultivation of sunflowers) and policies (human resettlement); (iii) the significant impact associated with new invasive rodents (e.g., crop losses, damage to belongings), the limited capacity for individual and collective interventions to mitigate damage, and the little concern shown for rodent-related diseases; (iv) women and girls’ high vulnerability to potential rodent-borne diseases due to frequent direct and indirect contact with rodents in the domestic space; and (v) the added-value of using a vulnerability-based methodology, over the more commonly used Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP) methodology, to map the structural factors shaping the human-rodent interface and its dynamic. Our findings suggest that the vulnerability-based approach could offer an opportunity to better respond to the One Health ambition by integrating social dimensions of health and grasping the complexity of the social and material context in which new pathogens could emerge and spread. One Health Statement The present socio-anthropological study of the human-rodent interface comes in complement to a previous eco-epidemiological survey focusing on the rodent-virus interface. It explores the cultural and social dimensions of the interactions between rodent-human, considering spatial and temporal variability. In doing so, it contributes to the understanding of the socio-ecological dynamic, in which new viral transmission can occur and disease spread. It exemplifies, based on local knowledge, how socio-ecological changes can create new routes for the emerging virus and highlights the vulnerability of the exposed human population to address the potential related health risks. This multidisciplinary and dynamic approach of how humans and rodents interact, and how these interactions are shaped by their changing environment is a contribution to a systemic approach to health, in line with the One health paradigm.

Multifaceted Teaching Pedagogies of Elementary Education Instructors in the Philippines: A Locus Classicus KAP (Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices) Approach

In the present technological age, concerned stakeholders should innovate pedagogical approaches to achieve authentic learning. Four commonly used teaching pedagogies are presented in this study: lecture method, cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning, and learning with emphasis on communication skills. The level of awareness, attitudes and utilization of these four common teaching pedagogies by Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd) faculty members were explored using an educational-descriptive-quantitative approach. Results show that respondents are highly aware of inquiry-based learning but are only moderately aware of lecture method, cooperative learning and learning with emphasis on communication skills. The faculty respondents have the most positive attitude on cooperative learning compared to the other three pedagogies. Contrary, the utilization of the four pedagogies in teaching are comparable. Although lecture method is the least preferred method, it is still commonly used because of its practicability in terms of class size, and convenience to the teacher. The other three pedagogies are also considered and moderately practiced. The proposed synergistic pedagogical model is formulated to intertwine the captured awareness, attitudes and practices of the BEEd faculty members on the four commonly used teaching pedagogies.

Empowering health workers and leveraging digital technology to improve access to mental health and epilepsy care: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study in Hlaing Thar Yar Township.

Despite an estimated 8% prevalence of mental disorders in Myanmar, the treatment gap is high, up to 90%. This project aimed to assess the effects of a series of activities implemented by the Myanmar Medical Association over a 2-year period in Hlaing Thar Yar Township involving community health workers (CHWs) and general practitioners (GPs) on the identification, diagnosis and management of people with psychotic disorders, depression and epilepsy. Seventy-six CHWs were trained to raise awareness, identify people with mental disorders and refer them to GPs. Fifty GPs were upskilled to diagnose and manage patients. Prevalence, treatment gap and general population's Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP) were evaluated through door-to-door surveys, whilst CHWs' and GPs' KAP were measured pre-, and post-training as well as post-intervention. Patient identification, diagnosis and management were analysed through data collected by CHWs and GPs via smartphones and tablets. At baseline, the average treatment gap was 79·7%. During the 2 year-intervention, 1,378 suspected cases were referred by CHWs to GPs and 1,186 (86%) of them saw a GP. Among the 1,088 patients (92%) diagnosed, the concordance between GPs' diagnosis and CHWs' screening was 75·6%. For CHWs, knowledge improved post-training (16·9 vs. 15·3; p=0·0010), whilst attitudes and practices improved post-intervention (17·1 vs. 15·7; p=0·010 and 19·4 vs. 11·2; p<0·0001 respectively). GPs' global KAP score improved post-training (14·6 vs. 12·8; p=0·0010), and remained stable post-intervention. General population's KAP score improved between baseline and end-line (8·3 vs. 12·7; p<0·0001). This project suggests that a 2-year intervention including the training of frontline health workers and raising awareness among the population can have positive outcomes and lead to a greater number of people with mental disorders being diagnosed and managed. This project was implemented as part of a partnership involving the Myanmar Medical Association, the Myanmar Mental Health Society, the World Association of Social Psychiatry, the Université Numérique Francophone Mondiale and Sanofi Global Health. It was funded by Sanofi Global Health, within the framework of the Fight Against STigma (FAST) Program.

Relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional study in Taizhou, China.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese adults and analyzed the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.MethodsA population-based self-administered online survey was conducted in Taizhou, China to evaluate the population's hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 2.463 adults received the invitation for the survey through WeChat (A Chinese app that is used for chat, social media, and mobile payment), and 1.788 interviewees answered the structured questionnaire. The overall response rate was 72.6%.ResultsTotal 45.2% of people were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccination. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we found low perception of safety (Model 3: Odds ratio = 2.977, Confidence interval: 2.237–3.963) and efficacy (Model 3: OR = 1.904, 95%CI: 1.462–2.479) of the COVID-19 vaccine in adults is the most important risk factor for COVID-19 vaccine hesitation. People who know more about COVID-19 vaccination are less hesitant (Model 2: OR = 0.967, 95% CI: 0.951–0.983). People who did not seek information independently about the COVID-19 vaccine are more likely to be skeptical (Model 4: OR = 1.300, 95% CI: 1.058–1.598, P = 0.013).ConclusionIn China, the population had higher levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitation, and their knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, perceptions of safety and efficacy, and physical health status were significantly associated with vaccine hesitation. These results provide ideas for promoting COVID-19 vaccination and intervention and have far-reaching implications for further strengthening research on vaccine hesitancy in COVID-19 and exploring strategies for COVID-19 vaccine promotion.

Assessment of Filipino Immunizing Pharmacist Engagement amidst COVID-19 Pandemic using Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Model

The immunization practice of pharmacists has only been recently approved in the Philippines; thus, it is imperative to assess their engagement using the Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) model. A descriptive quantitative-correlational study that utilized a convenience sampling technique was conducted with 90 respondents. A 49-item self-made questionnaire was employed through Google forms. The data collected was subjected to various statistical treatments for descriptive and correlational analysis. Results showed that respondents have a high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of Adverse Events Following Immunization (3.81), and critical thinking and decision-making upon its occurrence (3.92). The respondents' attitudes also showed high levels of agreement toward the promotion of immunization (3.89) and patient counseling (3.97). Moreover, the majority of the respondents administered vaccines (87.78%) and COVID-19 was the vaccine given the most (77.78%). Their responses showed a high level of practice in the immunization process (3.95), documentation and record-keeping (3.80), and addressing misconceptions (3.94). Most of their sociodemographic profiles do not have a significant relationship with their KAP except for the area of practice that had a correlation to knowledge. Thus, this study proves that Filipino immunizing pharmacists have a high level of engagement amidst the pandemic and continuous training and certification are needed to further strengthen this, especially during public health emergencies.