Knowledge Assessment Methodology Research Articles

The ethics of knowledge production and the problem of global knowledge inequality

Given demonstrated global knowledge inequality, this article attempts to draw out the connection between tertiary education and research (TER), economic development and infrastructure, and human development. We first explore the connection between knowledge and economic development by tracing a short history of the emergence of knowledge in economic analysis and by introducing the concept of a ‘knowledge economy’. The World Bank’s ‘Knowledge Assessment Methodology’ (2000) attempted to evaluate such ‘knowledge economies’ through a number of proposed variables. We describe relationships between such TER-variables, economic development, and infrastructure building, especially in the shift towards digital economies. We will show that there is a tangible, negative human impact from disparities in knowledge production, and significant improvement in human welfare when knowledge production capacities improve. Finally, we will illustrate how these relationships play out in two case studies, in Montenegro and Bangladesh.

Innovative Technologies for Healthcare and Medical Education in Higher Universities in Bulgaria

The article presents the possibility of significantly increasing the quality of the learning process by using innovative tools in the students' curriculum. Modern technologies have the potential to help create quality lasting knowledge in learners. An entrance test was made to establish the knowledge the students had before the training. The group of student volunteers was then randomly divided into two groups: a control group that was trained using traditional methods (giving a lecture) and an experimental group that was trained using the innovative training methodology created. A study of the acquired knowledge of the two studied groups was carried out according to a previously prepared test and knowledge assessment methodology. The degree of assimilation of new knowledge was assessed by absorption rate and a comparison was made between the studied groups of students. The study shows a significantly better acquisition of the learning material by the students whose education included innovative means of the studied subject. The obtained results show that modern innovative interactive technologies can be used in the educational process of health care students, as a supplement and continuation of classical pedagogical methods.

Risk assessment as an important factor in the process of developing the composition of the injection solution

At the stages of pharmaceutical development, production and use of a medicinal product, including its components, there is necessarily a certain degree of risk. An effective approach to quality risk management can further guarantee the patient high quality of the medicinal product by establishing preventive measures to identify and control possible quality issues during pharmaceutical development and production.
 At the beginning of the pharmaceutical development process, a general risk assessment is performed and it is repeated as information and knowledge deepen, because the medicinal product (MP) must be developed in such a way as to satisfy the needs of patients and perform the intended function. The use of scientific knowledge and risk assessment methodology at the FR stage allows planning the quality of the drug and the production process, which is primarily aimed at protecting the patient himself.
 The purpose of the work is to develop the composition (formulation) of the drug based on diclofenac sodium in the form of an injection solution at a concentration of 25 mg/ml, taking into account the justified risks.
 The object of the study is MP Diclofenac sodium, a solution for injections, as well as potential risk factors that can affect the quality of the medicinal product at the stage of developing the composition of the drug.
 The work uses informative and empirical methods of research by studying, summarizing and comparing documentary data.
 On the basis of the CPI analysis, the critical quality indicators (CPI) of the drug Diclofenac sodium, solution for injection, 25 mg/ml were determined.
 Taking into account the justified risks, the formulation of the drug based on diclofenac sodium was carried out. The target quality profile is selected, on the basis of which the critical quality indicators of the finished product are determined. Grounded critical quality indicators of the finished product at the formulation stage. An assessment of the risks of the variability of the formulation was carried out, taking into account the properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient diclofenac sodium, as well as for all auxiliary substances included in the composition of the medicinal product.

Knowledge Economy Model for the State of Hidalgo

This article aims to create a knowledge economy model to be applied in the state of Hidalgo, conducting an exhaustive investigation on the formation of a knowledge economy, as well as a comparative analysis between the state of Hidalgo and nine states more than the Mexican Republic with a certain criterion, in relation to the factors that delimit said economy. These factors are a series of variables taken from 2015: literacy, upper secondary and higher education, researchers, Innovation Stimuli Program (PEI), Mixed Fund associated with the state government (FOMIX), telephony, internet, computers, television, patents, industrial designs and utility models. To later use a method created by the World Bank, which is called Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM).

A UFSM é uma universidade sustentável?

A Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM - tem por missão construir e difundir conhecimento de modo sustentável. Mas como saber se suas práticas são suficientes para que ela possa se dizer sustentável? O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho do campus da UFSM pelo GreenMetric: um modelo de medição do desempenho sustentável para universidades que divulga anualmente os resultados de seus usuários registrados na forma de um ranking. Os resultados por categoria, em escala de um a dez, foram: energia e mudanças climáticas 2,7; ensino e pesquisa 5,0; mobilidade 5,0; resíduos 7,5; espaço físico 5,5; água 2,0. A medida do desempenho resultou 4,8. Considerando o método de avaliações de conhecimento da universidade, cuja nota mínima é cinco, a medida de 4,8 é insuficiente para caracterizar a UFSM enquanto sustentável.Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade; Greenmetric; medição de desempenho.

AN ATTEMPT TO MEASURE A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPATIAL DIVERSITY OF POLAND’S VOIVODESHIPS IN 2009-2016

The aim of the article is an attempt to measure the level of development of a Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE). The applied Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), developed by the World Bank in 1999, is one of the methods for measuring the degree of development of KBE. It is connected with the development of a set of indicators describing the functioning of individual socio-economic dimensions, grouped into four categories: (A) economic and institutional, (B) education and human resources, (C) information systems and new technologies, (D) information technologies. The analysis of these pillars helps to gain a competitive advantage (region, industry, national economy). Synthetic indexes for Polish voivodeships in 2009-2016 were calculated. The research results present a significant spatial difference in the development of KBE. Changes in this diversification of voivodeships were presented for 2015 and 2016 in relation to 2012 and 2009.

Foresight of Information Society – the Knowledge-Based Economy. An attempt at measuring with the use of the example of spatial diversity of Poland’s voivodships (2009-2015)

The aim of the article is to present a new approach to forecast trends of long-wave development: economy, society, education and culture. This approach is called Foresight. There have been many attempts to define Foresight. The lack of an unambiguous definition of this concept leads to many approaches to its measurement, which have not yielded the right results so far. Better results are defined by the concept of Knowledge-Based Economy KBE), which is based on the following pillars: human and social capital, technical infrastructure, research and development and institutional and legal factors. The analysis of these pillars helps to gain a competitive advantage (region, industry, national economy). The applied Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), developed by the World Bank in 1999, is one of the methods for measuring the degree of development of KBE. It is connected with the development of a set of indicators describing the functioning of individual socio-economic dimensions, grouped in four categories: economic and institutional, education and human resources, information system and new technologies, information technologies. The second part of the article presents the analysis of the fourth pillar – information technologies, as an example of the impact of the development of information technologies on the growth of individual regions (voivodships). Synthetic indexes for voivodships of Poland in 2009-2015 were calculated. The research results present a significant spatial difference in the development of information technologies. Changes in this diversification of voivodships was presented for 2015 in relation to 2012 and 2009.

Analiza metody KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology) − wady i zalety

Analiza metody KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology) − wady i zalety

Regional innovation system analysis model: the case of Iran.

This article aims at analysing and assessing the innovation system in Iran within a regional context. The World Bank Institute Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM) variables were adopted to create the regional innovation system analysis model for this study. The research analyses was based on cross-country comparison. The findings showed that, though science and technology growth in Iran was fast, the dominance of the government sector in R&D lags Iran far behind the innovative countries. Finally, the article provided policy implications and suggestions based on the findings of this study.

Turkey on the path of establishing knowledge economy: innovation, ICTS and education

Knowledge-based economy is re-defining enterprises, re-formatting working styles, empowering individuals and re-shaping the links between education and business tasks in today’s globalized world. Emerged communication and information technologies especially invented in six decades ago is still changing the nature of business and the economy dramatically. It is obvious that transition to knowledge-intensive business models become popular since late 1950s. Also it is clear that advent of the knowledge economy shapes and changes the rules for enterprises that organize their activities in the global market places. Additionally intellectual capabilities become more important than physical inputs which was very important for the first machine age. The application of knowledge is one of the main sources of growth in the global economy and it becomes the strategic factor for the success. Having sufficient national production, sustainable growth, strong economy and modern technologies to create a welfare society is crucial for any modern nation. This study presents the concept of the knowledge economy and it's framework in this respect. Developed by World Bank “Knowledge Assessment Methodology” is one of the important methodologies in order to measure the progress of countries towards having a knowledge based economy. It has 4 pillars including 83 structural and qualitative variables and 12 knowledge indicators. World Bank's four Knowledge Economy pillars are economic and institutional regime, education, innovation, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) developed for countries to do fundamental assessment of countries’ readiness for the knowledge economy and help them the transition to a Knowledge-based Economy. Also in this paper the analysis of knowledge economy for Turkey especially the role of innovation, ICTs and education pillars are examined.

Measuring the Knowledge Economy: A National and Organizational Perspective

This article aims to analyze how the knowledge economy is measured and how different are the tools developed for this purpose. Since the research focuses on the “how” issues, a qualitative approach is employed. The analysis concentrates on three of the most frequently used tools for measuring a country’s progress towards consolidating itself as a knowledge economy, namely: Knowledge Assessment Methodology, developed by World Bank, Lisbon Scorecard, elaborated by World Economic Forum, and Innovation Union Scoreboard, created by the European Union. Nevertheless, Kensho New Economies Composite Index – the newest instrument developed by Kensho Technologies – is brought forward. The results prove that the three most frequently used tools for measuring countries’ progress towards consolidating themselves as knowledge economies have the same information capability while the newest tool emphasizes what is usually labelled as “intellectual capital”, although it uses the phrase “Knowledge Economy”. On the one hand, these results shed light on policy-makers’ psychological need of measuring the intangible assets, and transforming the intangible into tangible. On the other hand, they highlight the need for redefining the concept of “knowledge economy” and establishing its pillars.

Comparing the innovation performance of EU candidate countries: an entropy-based TOPSIS approach

Innovation is important for countries in the competitive global economy. It is one of the main criteria for countries to be superior, to remain competitive, and to produce high technology products. Countries allocate different types of incentives to encourage innovation activities in their countries. Innovation is also one of the strategic issues for the European Union (EU). The aim of this study is to compare the innovation performance of four EU candidate countries, Macedonia (FYR), Iceland, Serbia and Turkey. The entropy-based Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach is proposed in this paper. First, the importance of each variable is computed by the entropy method to reflect on the differences among the variables in the calculation process. Subsequently, the TOPSIS method is performed by using the value and importance of variables for prioritisation of the candidate countries with respect to their innovation performance. Four case studies are conducted to show the viability of the proposed approach. Each cases study uses different reports, namely The Global Competitiveness Index, Innovation Union Scoreboard, Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM) and Global Innovation Index. The results of this study show that the proposed approach provides the same ranking as Innovation Union Scoreboard and KAM.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE CONCERNING THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

The purpose of the research is a set of theoretical and methodological, methodical and applied provisions concerning the analysis of economic development built on knowledge (KE) in the regions of Ukraine and also the determination of their integral estimation of KE development level. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, within which analysed KAM methodology (Knowledge Assessment Methodology) developed by the World Bank, identified key groups of indicators, such as the general condition of regional economies, economic stimulus and the characteristics of the institutional system, innovation, R&D sector and informational infrastructure. Considered the key factors that determine the position of knowledge in the regional development, namely: the business community, the scientific environment and the system of self-government, which forms regional policy in the light of specific conditions of areas. The possibility of this methodology’s application in the regional aspect is determined. For the research are chosen all regions of Ukraine. Exceptions are temporarily occupied territory. Accordingly, histograms of each of the key indicators’ groups are built that help to determine the level of development of a particular region. Results. Established that the symbiosis of innovative potential with the unique economic mechanisms is the catalysts that enhance the development of the regional knowledge economy. This analysis helps to see social and economic differences between the regions of Ukraine. Determined that the characteristic feature is an inadequate level of funding of science, which causes the slowdown of innovation activity in the regions because of links imbalance between industry and research industry sector. In most cases, the regions occupied similar positions in different groups of indicators. This allows us to conclude that the development of the knowledge economy components in the region is balanced. Noteworthy the fact that during analysing each of the indicators groups, the lion's share of regions was located around the median value, which points to the similarity of the condition of knowledge development in the economy of the regions. Highlighted powerful, competitive and potentially most perspective regions in terms of KE development in 2015. The practical implication of the results is findings and proposals for the formation of a regional knowledge economy development strategy. Found that the program support of the knowledge economy development should aim at the accelerated and harmonious growth of all triad elements education – science – manufacturing and their resulting components.

THE INTELLECTUALIZATION OF WORLD ECONOMY: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY SYMPTOMS

The main indicators of the knowledge economy in Ukraine and abroad have been investigated. Studied a comprehensive indicator of overall knowledge economy index, which characterizes the level of development of an economy based on knowledge, in countries and regions of the world. He developed in 2004 by the World Bank as part of a special program "Knowledge for Development" in order to determine the ability of countries to create, receive and impart knowledge. The calculation of the Index is based on "Knowledge Assessment Methodology", which includes a set of 109-lei exponents combined into four main groups. Ways of improving the efficiency of the intellectualization of the world economy.

Assessment of knowledge economy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the current status of the knowledge-based economy (KBE) in Iran in comparison to Turkey, the challenges encountered and the appropriate policies toward Iran’s Outlook 2025 based on which the country is expected to be ranked first in science and technology within the Middle East region. Design/methodology/approach – This study is a descriptive research. The methodology used for this study is qualitative/quantitative secondary research. The method will be used for two main goals. First, we used the World Bank’s Knowledge Assessment Methodology, and the data are mostly collected from secondary sources such as the World Bank’s Development Indicators for Iran and Turkey. Second, desktop research will be used to summarize and synthesize available studies on the consideration of policy-making toward KBE, especially among developing economies. Findings – The paper provides policy considerations around four pillars: information and communications technology (ICT), innovation system, education and human resources development and economic incentives and institutional regime. It suggests that regarding ICT indicators, Iran has to join international programs to attract senior public authorities’ involvement and accountability. Regarding its innovation system, lessons for policymakers are implementing development plans and coordinating science and technology policies in the country. Moreover, the quality of education, in-company training, post-secondary technical education and scientific and technological workforce need to be improved. Finally, considering the weak macroeconomic circumstances, legislative measures are needed in addition to, establishing a promotion agency for foreign direct investment to coordinate the inflow and to grant incentives for attracting more investment. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen research approach, the research results have not been confirmed by an experts group. Therefore, using some group decision-making methods, such as panel of experts, could be proposed to further test the findings. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for public policymakers, especially in developing countries, and for moving toward a KBE. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to learn from similar countries experiences in policymaking about the same problem.

A Spatial Analysis Of The Knowledge - Based Economy In Poland

The article presents a spatial analysis of the knowledge-based economy in Poland in regional terms in 2003 and 2011. Nowadays, knowledge is regarded as one of the factors of production besides land, labor and capital. The ability to create, collect and effectively use knowledge contributes to the generation of innovation, acquiring long-term competitive advantages and economic success. Polish provinces are the basic territorial units, on which the calculations have been carried out. The period of time was purposely chosen to determine the impact of Polish accession to the European Union and the possibility of using the Structural Funds in the development of local economies based on knowledge. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the Polish provinces. The study was conducted using a taxonomic measure of development (one of the tools of multidimensional comparative analysis). Classification of provinces was constructed on the basis of KEI (Knowledge Economy Index) and KI (Knowledge Index) which are used by the World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). The division into four pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology) attempts to explain the relationship between the factors of development.

Toward automated computer-based visualization and assessment of team-based performance.

A considerable amount of research has been undertaken to provide insights into the valid assessment of team performance. However, in many settings, manual and therefore labor-intensive assessment instruments for team performance have limitations. Therefore, automated assessment instruments enable more flexible and detailed insights into the complex processes influencing team performance. The central objective of this study was to advance knowledge in automated assessment of team-based performance using a language-oriented approach. Fifty-six teams of learners (N = 224) in 3 experimental conditions solved 2 tasks in an online learning environment. They were analyzed with the Automated Knowledge Visualization and Assessment (AKOVIA) methodology. AKOVIA integrates a natural language-oriented algorithm and enables a structural and semantic compression of individual- and team-based knowledge representations. Findings indicate initial evidence of the feasibility and validity of the fully automated methodology. A framework for integrating research and methodology development is suggested for improving educational technology innovations such as computer-based assessment environments in international large-scale assessments.

Knowledge Economy: Analytical Framework and Policy Implications for Vietnam

The paper presents an analytical framework and indicators measuring progress of the knowledge economy according to the knowledge assessment methodology introduced by the World Bank. Estimations of Vietnam’s progress to the knowledge economy show that Vietnam has made great efforts to build the knowledge economy, especially by developing information and communication technologies. However, the gap between Vietnam’s knowledge economy and other economies in Asia as well as the world is still wide, especially in such pillars as institutional regime, education, and development of innovation. Vietnam, therefore, should adopt uniform policies on an overall and profound reform in education and technology and in administrative machinery to accelerate the development of knowledge economy.

Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) 2012 Rankings for Islamic Countries and Assessment of KEI Indicators for Pakistan

This paper presents Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) rankings 2012 for 42 Islamic countries extracted from the World Bank’s Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) is an aggregate index representing a country’s overall preparedness to compete in the Knowledge Economy (KE). The KEI is constructed as the simple average of four sub-indexes, which represents the four pillars of the knowledge economy: economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, the innovation system and ICT. Each of the pillar sub- indexes are in turn based on three indicators that proxy the performance of the pillar. 12 knowledge indicators have been used to compile the four pillars of the KEI. Pakistan’s performance on the aggregate KEI (consisting of four pillars) and on individual indicators is compared with Islamic countries between 2000 and 2012. Pakistan’s knowledge competitiveness has improved over the past 12 years, with the ranking rising from 122nd in 2000 to 117th in the current 2012 rankings. Pakistan has progressed in KEI pillars. In the pillar of Economic Incentive Regime (EIR) the country improved and ranked at 124. In the pillar of Information Communications and Technology (ICT) Pakistan demonstrated a significant improvement and ranked at 97th in the world in terms of the ICT pillar ranking. In Education pillar, Pakistan’s performance with rank of 126 is far below and is significantly lagging the other Islamic countries. In Innovation pillar, Pakistan improved its overall performance with rank of 110, but it still remains significantly weak when compared to other Islamic economies.

On the use of benchmarking and good practices for knowledge management for development

Is it possible that less developed societies may learn and profit from the stories and lessons of the developed economies? This paper explores the feasibility of doing so through the use of benchmarking and good practices of knowledge management policies for development. In the era of the knowledge economy, where knowledge is the key determinant of competitiveness, it is posited that it may be desirable to evenly distribute knowledge within and across societies so that trade and cooperation may take place. The study begins with a review of the literature on knowledge societies, their characteristics, the prevalence of knowledge disparities, knowledge policies for development, and the role of benchmarking and good practices in formulating such policies. A framework is proposed for identifying measures that help reduce knowledge disparity and promote development. Using this framework, a detailed analysis with data from the World Bank's Knowledge Assessment Methodology custom scorecards was conducted. A Knowledge Management Index was consequently constructed for the use of policymakers. While quantitative measures were used for benchmarking purposes, the analysis of good practices and lessons learnt was essentially qualitative. Finally, the paper concludes by underscoring the key role of benchmarking knowledge policies and learning from good practices in order to promote development.