Klebsiella Pneumonae Research Articles

Investigating the influence of the gut microbiome on cholelithiasis: unveiling insights through sequencing and predictive modeling.

Cholelithiasis is one of the most common disorders of hepatobiliary system. Gut bacteria may be involved in the process of gallstone formation and are, therefore considered as potential targets for cholelithiasis prediction. To reveal the correlation between cholelithiasis and gut bacteria. Stool samples were collected from 100 cholelithiasis and 250 healthy individuals from Huzhou Central Hospital; The 16S rRNA of gut bacteria in the stool samples was sequenced using the third-generation Pacbio sequencing platform; Mothur v.1.21.1 was used to analyze the diversity of gut bacteria; Wilcoxon rank-sum test and linear discriminant analysis of effect sizes (LEfSe) were used to analyze differences in gut bacteria between patients suffering from cholelithiasis and healthy individuals; Chord diagram and Plot-related heat maps were used to analyze the correlation between cholelithiasis and gut bacteria; six machine algorithms were used to construct models to predict cholelithiasis. There were differences in the abundance of gut bacteria between cholelithiasis and healthy individuals, but there were no differences in their community diversity. Increased abundance of Costridia, Escherichia flexneri, and Klebsiella pneumonae were found in cholelithiasis, while Bacteroidia, Phocaeicola, and Phocaeicola vulgatus were more abundant in healthy individuals. The top four bacteria that were most closely associated with cholelithiasis were Escherichia flexneri, Escherichia dysenteriae, Streptococcus salivarius, and Phocaeicola vulgatus. The cholelithiasis model based on CatBoost algorithm had the best prediction effect (sensitivity: 90.48%, specificity: 88.32%, and AUC: 0.962). The identification of characteristic gut bacteria may provide new predictive targets for gallstone screening. As being screened by the predictive model, people at high risk of cholelithiasis can determine the need for further testing, thus enabling early warning of cholelithiasis.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Hospital Door Handles/knobs

Background and objectives. Contracting infectious diseases from microbial contaminated door handles is a potential threat to health and safety. Therefore, we performed microbiological screening of door handles at the door handles of Zawia Education Hospital, Zawia, Libya, to estimate the presence of potentially pathogenic organisms. Methodology. A total of 125 samples were collected aseptically by using a moistened sterile bacteriologic swab on different days by scrubbing the selected handles and immersing them in the sterile broth to be transported to the microbiology laboratory, within no more than 30 minutes after collection. All the bacterial isolates were characterized and identified by standard diagnostic microbiological procedures and criteria, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Data were presented as counts and percentages using Excel spread data sheath. Results: There was a total of 147 isolates obtained from the 12 sampled departments. The frequency of isolation of these organisms from these samples was as follows: coagulase-negative staphylococcus (16.80%) in 21 samples, Staphylococcus aureus (10.40%) in 13 samples, Diphtheroid (76.00%) in 95 samples, non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli (12.80%) in 16 samples, streptococcus pyogenes (0.80%) in one sample, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.80%) in one sample. Conclusion. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococcus, streptococcus pyogenes, klebsiella pneumonae, Diphtheroid, and non-lactose fermenting gram-negative bacilli were the main bacteria isolated in this research study. The results of the present study demonstrated that contact surfaces such as door handles are often colonized by several bacteria and serve as a potential source of infections.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs) Producing Enterobacteriacaea Isolated from Urine in a North-Eastern Tertiary Care Hospital in Nigeria.

This study was done to evaluate the frequency of extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBLs) producing uropathogens and their susceptibility pattern isolated from urine in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi. A total of 373 urine samples from out-patients and hospitalized patients were studied. Samples were inoculated on Cystine Lactose Electolyte-deficient (CLED) agar, Blood agar and MacConckey agar. 165 isolates were obtained which were further identified by standard Microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern was studied by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Among the 165 uropathogens isolated from patients with UTI, the commonest isolate was E. coli (29.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonae (15.8%) with the least Citrobacter spp. 1(0.6%). The overall prevalence of UTI of this study is 44.0%. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was noted in 100 (77.0%). Among the ESβLs producers detected, E. coli recorded the highest occurrence rate of 46 (46.0%) followed by K. pneumoniae with 22(22.0%). Others were, K.oxytoca 15(15.0%), P. aeruginosa 4(4.0%). However, there was no evidence of ESβL production observed in the clinical isolates of P. vulgaris and Citrobacter spp. Multidrug resistance was found to be significantly (P<0.05) more in ESBL producing isolates (77.0%) than Non-ESBL producers (23.0%. Monitoring of ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are necessary to avoid treatment failure in patients with UTI.

Anitmicrobial Susceptibility to Microoranisms in Hematological Malignancies; A Need to Review Institutional Protocols

Abstract Introduction Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency in patients with hematological malignancies. The severity of neutropenia and the duration of infection have an important implication on primary treatment outcome. Previously assessed institutional review revealed gram negative bacteria to be the most common microorganisms, and leading cause of febrile neutropenia. However, the predominance of gram positive bacteria had also increased in later past years [1]. In high risk patients, infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria worsen treatment complications and thus at times empirical use of antibiotics like colomycin is required; otherwise the prognosis may be jeopardized [2]. Regular surveillance of local flora and susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial is must to elude the antimicrobial resistance. Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of microorganisms and to observe the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials as an institutional protocol to establish antimicrobial policies. Material and methods A cross sectional study was conducted at National Institute of blood diseases and bone marrow transplantation, PECHS campus from August 2021 - January 2022. Ethical approval was taken from research committee prior to the study and informed consent was taken from the patients. Febrile neutropenia was defined as a single reading of oral temperature of ≥38 °C on two or more occasions in 12 h in the presence of absolute neutrophil count of less than 1000cells/mm. Blood cultures were performed using the BACTEC blood culture system. Organisms were identified according to routine bacteriological procedures and disc diffusion method was used for interpreting antibiotic susceptibility. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variable and mean (standard deviation) was computed for quantitative variables. Association between categorical variables was observed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 310 cultures taken from blood (37.4%), peripheral line (4.2%), hickman line (8.1%), red line (2.6%), pus (7.1%), sputum (9.7%) and urine (31%) samples were observed. Out of total 213 (69%) were found to be gram negative and 97 (31%) were gram positive. Gram negative were mostly reported in blood cultures 61 (20%) while gram positive was found in urine cultures 80 (26%). E.coli (40.8%) was the most prevalent among the gram negative microorganisms followed Klebsiella pneumonae (16.9%), Pseudomonas species (11.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.3%), Burkholderia cepacia (7%), Enterobacter species (3.3%), Moraxella species (3.3%), Proteus mirabilis (2.8%), Salmonella typhi (1.4%), Acinetobacter species (0.9%) and Citrobacter species (0.5%). In gram negative organisms, Acinetobacter species, Burkholderia cepacia, Citrobacter species and Moraxella species were identified substantially which were not previously prevalent. In gram positive microorganisms Staphylococcus epidermidis (55.3%) was more prevalent, followed by Enterococcus species (19%), Micrococcus species (16%), Streptococcus species (6%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.7%), from which Micrococcus species was reported for first time. Sensitivity of meropenem, amikacin and colistin was higher in gram negative while the sensitivity of fosfomycin, and linezolid was found in gram positive isolates The association of sensitivity and resistance with gram negative and positive isolates was found statistically significant with amikacin, vancomycin, fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin (p=<0.05). Conclusion Gram negative isolates were found prevalent in our study. The sensitivity of meropenem, amikacin and colistin was high than other regimens in gram negative while the sensitivity of fosfomycin, and linezolid was found in gram positive isolates. Few emerging isolates were observed in the study as well. The regular review of microbial pattern and susceptibility evaluation is imminent for prevention of microbial resistance and assessment of institutional practices.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 8-(hetero)aryl caffeine derivatives

A series of 8-(hetero)aryl caffeine was synthesized by the CH bond activation reaction using Pd-NHCs complexes as a catalyst. 8-(hetero)aryl caffeine derivatives were screened for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities and in-silico studies. The 4a, 4b, 4e, 4f, 4 g, 4i, and 4n showed significant total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 64.03, 50.87, 70.02, 98.14, 71.81, 45.48, and 44.28 µg AAE/mg, respectively. The 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 6 h, 4i, 4j, 4k, and 4l were found active against Staphylococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25, 12.5, 12.5, 12.5, 12.5, 6.25, 6.25, 6.25, and 6.25 µg/ml, respectively. Some derivatives displayed activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilus, Klebsiella pneumonae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.A good activity was exhibited against Alternaria solani among five fungal strains. All the compounds (4a–4n) showed excellent protein kinase inhibitory activity except 4e, 4 g, and 4n. Additionally, 8-(hetero)aryl caffeine derivatives showed α-amylase inhibition potential (IC50 = 1.49 ± 0.317 to 7.44 ± 0.156 μg/ml) compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 4.34 ± 0.333 μg/ml). The 4b, 4d, 4j, 4 m, and 4n compounds displayed good α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Molecular modeling was done for protein kinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. The results of these activities proved the caffeine derivatives to be bioactive.

Molecular detection and gene expression of carbapenemase (blakpc) encoding gene of Klebsiella pneumonae isolated from clinical samples.

Molecular detection and gene expression of carbapenemase (blakpc) encoding gene of Klebsiella pneumonae isolated from clinical samples.

PB2255: ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MICROORGANISMS IN HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES; A NEED TO REVIEW INSTITUTIONAL PROTOCOLS

Background: Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency in patients with hematological malignancies. The severity of neutropenia and the duration of infection have an important implication on primary treatment outcome. Previously assessed institutional review revealed gram negative bacteria to be the most common microorganisms, and leading cause of febrile neutropenia. However, the predominance of gram positive bacteria had also increased in later past years. In high risk patients, infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria worsen treatment complications and thus at times empirical use of antibiotics like colomycin is required; otherwise the prognosis may be jeopardized. Regular surveillance of local flora and susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial is must to elude the antimicrobial resistance. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of microorganisms and to observe the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials as an institutional protocol to establish antimicrobial policies. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at National Institute of blood diseases and bone marrow transplantation, PECHS campus from August 2021 - January 2022. Febrile neutropenia was defined as a single reading of oral temperature of ≥38 °C on two or more occasions in 12 h in the presence of absolute neutrophil count of less than 1000cells/mm. Blood cultures were performed using the BACTEC blood culture system. Organisms were identified according to routine bacteriological procedures and disc diffusion method was used for interpreting antibiotic susceptibility. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variable and mean (standard deviation) was computed for quantitative variables. Association between categorical variables was observed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 310 cultures were observed in 305 patients. The cultures were taken from blood, peripheral line, hickman line, red line, pus, and urine. Out of total, 213 (69%) were found to be gram negative and 97 (31%) were gram positive. The most prevalent gram negative microorganism were Ecoli in 87 (41%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonae 36 (17%), Pseudomonas species 25 (12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 24(11%) cultures. However, in gram positive; Staphylococcus epidermidis 49 (51%) was more prevalent. Moreover, in gram negative organisms, Acinetobacter species, Burkholderia cepacia, Citrobacter species and Moraxella Species were identified substantially which were not previously previously prevalent. However, in gram positive organisms, Micrococcus species was reported for first time. Gram negative were mostly reported in blood cultures 61 (20%) while gram negative was found in urine cultures 80 (26%). The association of sensitivity and resistance with gram negative and positive isolates was found statistically significant with Amikacin, Vancomycin, Fosfomycin and Ciprofloxacin Summary/Conclusion: Gram negative isolates were found prevalent in our study. The sensitivity of Meropenem, Amikacin and Colistin was high than other regimens in gram negative while the sensitivity of Fosfomycin, and Linezolid was found in gram positive isolates. Few emerging isolates were observed in the study as well. The regular review of microbial pattern and susceptibility evaluation is imminent for prevention of microbial resistance and assessment of institutional practices.

Eradication of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms and persister cells using silver nitrate

To perceive the relationship between the emergences of antibiotics persistence, biofilm formation, and to study the role of silver nitrate in fighting these microbes, a total 50 clinical Klebsiella pneumonae isolates were collected from clinical sources and identified using genotypic identification by using specific primer (rpoB gene) from housekeeping genes. Detection of their biofilm-forming abilities were carried out. The eradication effect of silver nitrate to control bacterial persistence and reducing the biofilm-forming abilities were studied. We found that 40 isolate (80%) were biofilm-formers. From bacterial persisters, (75%) were biofilm-formers. Silver nitrate showed a great role to eradicate persister cells and inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.

Synthesis, UV-Vis Spectroscopic and Physico-chemical Characterization of Oxovanadyl Complexes of Lincomycin and Neomycin

Abstract: In the recent past, the pharmaceutical modification of drug molecules by complexation with biologically relevant metals to improve their properties such as stability, dissolution rate, absorption and bioavailability has been extensively studied. In order to achieve better and enhanced medicinal activity, vanadyl complexes of the widely used lincomycin (Lin-van) and neomycin (Neo-van) have been synthesized and their physico-chemical properties examined. The UV-Vis absorption properties of these complexes were determined and their antimicrobial activities were tested against some pathogenic organisms viz: Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In all cases, Neo-van showed better antimicrobial activity than Lin-van while both complexes showed better activity than the antibiotic lincomycin and the previously reported Cu-Lin. Keywords: lincomycin, neomycin, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Physico-chemical, Oxovanadyl, synthesis

Frequency of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and its Causative Organisms among Pregnant Women Visiting for Antenatal Checkup in Outpatient Department of Sims/Services Hospital

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria and causative organisms that are responsible for the development of bacteriuria in pregnant women visiting antenatal checkup in outpatient Department in hospital. Methodology: This was a Cross sectional study conducted in the Outpatient department of Gynecology, SIMS/Services Hospital, Lahore after taking ethical approval. The duration of the study was about six months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Any gestational age, all pregnant women with no clinical symptoms of bacteriuria were included in the study. Frequency and percentages was determined for qualitative data like asymptomatic bacteriuria and causative agent (i.e., Staph Aureus, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonae). Results: A total of 220 pregnant women were selected. Their mean age were reported 26.12±4.08 years ranging from 17-37 years. Culture and sensitivity results confirmed 16(7.3%) cases with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Among 16 positive cases, E.coli was the predominant organism isolated in 8(50%) samples followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 4(25%) samples, Klebsiella in 1(6.25%), Candida Species in 1 (6.25%) and mixed growth in 2(12.5%) sample were detected in urine culture and sensitivity test. Conclusion: This study concludes that frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria was uncommon amongst those pregnant women who attended for antenatal checkup. Most predominant pathogen isolated from culture was Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Bacteriuria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

Clinical and subclinical mastitis in buffalue in Mosul area, Iraq

This paper aims to investigate the occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical cases of mastitis in buffaloes, and to identify the differences in the components of the mastitis milk, to facilitate the investigation of a number of epidemiological risk aspects in relation to the occurrence of mastitis and to detect the different bacterial species associated with the disease. Eight hundred buffalo milk samples were randomly extracted from the animals of different ages in Mosul city, Iraq and examined by California mastitis test (CMT) and Ultrasonic milk analyzer. According to the clinical signs and CMT, the results indicated the prevalence of the clinical and subclinical cases of the disease in buffaloes to be 10.62% and 27.37% respectively. There was a substantial rise in the population of somatic cells /ml in both clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis. The risk factors included third trimester of lactation period, old ages 10-11 years, outdoor feeding animals, > 30 buffaloes/herd, northern and southern parts of the city, Spring and Winter seasons. In clinical instances of mastitis, the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus was 25.88%, Streptococcus agalactiae 18.82%, Streptococcus pyogenes 16.47%, Corynebacterium bovis 14.11%, Escherichia coli 10.58%, Pseudomonus aeruginosa 7.05%, and Pasteurella multocida 7.05%. In the subclinical cases of mastitis, the prevalence of Staphylococcus chromogens was 14.61%, Staphylococcus xylosus 12.78%, Streptococcus agalactiae 11.87%, Streptococcus dysagalactiae 11.41%, Streptococcus uberis 10.04%, Proteus vulgaris 10.04%, Klebsiella pneumonae 9.58%, Escherichia coli 8.21%, Corynebacterium bovis 7.30%, and Pasteurella multocida 4.10%. It is concluded that mastitis leads to a significant reduction in the levels of total solids, lactose, protein, fat, density, and a significant rise in the levels of pH values and electrical conductivity of the milk samples of clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis.

Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance. MethodsThis is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests.ResultsEscherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumonae (14.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. E. coli (68.4%) and K. pneumonae (87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while S. aureus (7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542–1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients for which eating beef, pork and drinking milk are major risk factors. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.

Disparity in Microbiological Pattern of Cauti in Precisely Tribal Patients in Relation to Impacting Factors from the Known Pattern in the Medical Intensive Care Unit in a Tribal Tertiary Care Centre

The important risk factor for the development of CAUTI, especially in the intensive care units, is the presence, method and length of Duration of urinary catheterization. The other potential significant risk factors are gender, age, uncontrolled diabetes and long hospital stay. There have been no studies on Tribal patients describing the factors (Demographic as well as Risk factors) which influence the deviation in microbiological pattern of CAUTI in of the MICU, from the patients of other area studied till now. This prospective study was conducted over Tribal patients aged ≥ 18 years who developed features of symptomatic urinary tract infection following an indwelling urinary Foley’s catheter more than 48 hours, in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. Geographical and Clinical data were collected. The CAUTI rate in 33 Tribal patients was 19.2 per 1000 device days with an incidence of 17.3% in the MICU. The microbiological trend was Staphylococcus aureus 12 (26.0%), E. coli 11 (23.9%), Candida albicans 9 (19.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 (10.8%), CONS 3 (6.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3(6.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (4.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii 1 (2.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common cause of CAUTI in low and medium socioeconomic tribal patients of more than 20 to 40 years of age, as compared to E. coli in Nontribal Patients. E.coli was found in the dominated female patients and in age upto 20 years and more than 40to 60 years old patients and Klebsiella pneumonae in above 60 years age. High status group with Acinetobactor baumannii. Candida albicans was associated with use of urinary catheter less than 7 days. Length of ICU stay more than 14 days was associated with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in equally proportionately. CONS 2(50%) was found in type-2 Diabetes mellitus and Staphylococcus aureus 7 (53.8 %) with Sickle cell anemia in Tribal patients. Our analysis precisely of this Tribal patients, brings several important and unique findings, which will not only aid in the development of some new or update guidelines but also encourage the researcher to do more study, for the prevention of CAUTI in the MICU of Tribal tertiary care centre.

A rare case of painful swelling in the neck in a middle aged uncontrolled diabetic male

Lemierre’s syndrome: More than a historic curiosa a prepenicillin era illnees characterized by disseminated abscess and thrombophlebiltis of internal jugular vein after infection of the oropharynx. The predominant pathogen is a gram -ve anaerobic bacillus Fusobacterium necrophorum. A prompt clinical diagnosis is of utmost importance for a favourable prognosis in the management of this patient. Here we present a case of lemierre syndrome in a middle aged uncontrolled diabetic male where the unusual and atypical clinical manifestation posed a mounting challenge in the diagnosis of this case. And the peculiarity in this case was that the causative organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae which is not known to cause Lemierre’s syndrome typically. Till date only few other cases has been reported where the organism was Klebsiella pneumonae.

Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children with community acquired urinary tract infection

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is represented as one of the most common disease encountered in medical practice today, occurring from neonate to geriatric age group. It is an important cause of morbidity in children and affects up to 10% of the childhood population.Methods: After properly cleaning ano-genital area, in infants and young children up to 3 years of age, urine sample was collected in proper aseptic way. Midstream urine sample were collected from children older than 3 years in a sterile container. Isolation of bacteria was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar using semi quantitative methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar.Results: Over a study period of eighteen months, one hundred eighty diagnosed cases of culture positive UTI were recruited in our study. It was found that UTI was more commonly seen in females than males with male to female ratio of 0.8:1. It was more commonly seen in children with age group from one month to one year of age and least commonly seen in children’s above 4 years of age. Most commonly isolated microorganism on urine culture was Escherichia Coli (86.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonae (11.7%). Maximum sensitivity was to nitrofurantoin (95%) as oral antibiotics and to meropenem (97.8%) for intravenous use. Ampicillin and cefotaxime were the least sensitive antibiotics.Conclusions: E. coli was the most common uropathogen for UTI. Nitrofurantoin and meropenam were the antibiotics with maximum sensitivity.

Synthesis and study of N, N` -(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl methanimine) and thier complex derivative with in-vivo and in-vitro Bacteryal biological study

In this research, the synthesis and biological activity evaluation of N, N`-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl methanimine) as Schiff base with Zinc (II) dithiocarbamate complex are successfully reported. The suggested geometry around zinc ion centre was determined using selected unique physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. These include melting point, conductance, FTIR, UV-Vis, mass spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The analytical as well as the spectroscopic characterization data proves the formation of zinc complex with general formula [Zn(L)]2 and the complex of this ion is adopting tetrahedral geometry about the metal centre. Furthermore, the present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of obtained Schiff base ligand and Zn complex against five strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Lacto bacillus, Klebsiella Pneumonae,and Salmonella typhi). The results of antimicrobial screening suggest that Schiff bases can show a considerable activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi while Zn-complex was reported to be more active against all bacterial strains which is used in this test. The antibacterial activity of each compound has been examined practically (in vivo) by treating burns rats infected with tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi), the results have shown signs of good recovery at short time if it compared with antibiotic Ofloxacin (OFX) used at the same time. And the number of bacteria was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.001) during the treatment days. Furthermore, the results showed that Zn-complex is effective in treating various skin conditions; it is preferable to use it in the treatment of pathological injuries and against other skin infections.

Efficacy of single versus multiple exposure by electromagnetic modalities on gram-negative and positive bacterial strains in an in-vitro model.

ObjectivesThe primary purpose of the recent experiment was to scrutinize the dissimilarity between single and multiple exposures by electrotherapeutic modalities to determine the development of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria spectrum.Material and methodsBacterial strains employed in this study were Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonae and Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Fluence for Low level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm) was 40 J/cm2 for 80 s, for microwave (MWD) a dosage of 100-Watt with duration of 5 min and for magnetic field therapy (MT) duration of 30 min with 100% intensity was used.ResultsRepeated Measures of analysis of variances (RANOVA) for within-subject effects was used to detect a global significant change within the means at dissimilar time points. The experiments of within-subjects revealed a significant difference within groups, df of (3, 40), F value of 39.38 and a p value less than 0.001, representing a significant variation between the three groups between pre and post exposures. There was a significant variation between single exposure and multiple exposures in the experimental sample’s pre-post between the four groups with df (1, 40) f value of 2943.69 and p value less than 0.001. Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy images were also taken into account to determine the extent of damage caused to the bacterial cells surface topography in Gram negative and Gram positive spectrums.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that single high exposure with the LLLT appears to have the most emphatic effect followed by exposure by MWD and MT.

Characterization of Halophilic Isolates Producing Bioactive Metabolites Against Pathogens

Halophiles are salt loving microorganisms that are able to survive in high salt conditions. Halophiles are highly diverse group belongs to all three domains of life, Archaea, bacteria and Eucarya. Halophiles adapted themselves through various strategies to maintain their osmotic balance in order to survive in high salt concentrations. Likewise halophiles are also able to produce bioactive molecules such as carotenoids, polyhydroxy-alkanoates, ectoine, bioplastics, and enzymes that have commercial importance. In current study halophiles were isolated at 1M NaCl concentration and characterized, and check its antibacterial activity against pathogenic E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonae. Two halophilic strains showed activity against pathogenic E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonae only. Antimicrobial activity was further analyzed through disc diffusion method and by using extracted filtrate. The activity only observed against E.coli after 48 hours old cultures that were served as filtrate extracts and discs against. Furthermore optimization as well as detailed characterization of the secondary metabolites will be needed to find the source of antibacterial metabolites against specific pathogens.

Identification and Authentication of Microbes Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Detection of Antibacterial Activity for Methanolic Extract of Senna alexanderina against these Pathogenic Bacteria in Khartoum State, Sudan

The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the microbes causing urinary tract infection and antibacterial of those microbes by used methanolic extract of plant and antibiotics. One hundred samples were collected for both genders in Khartoum State. From sixty-three out of one hundred samples obtained on different types of microbes are Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%), Enterococcus fecales (9.5%), Escherichea coli (19%), Klebsiella pneumonae (7.9%), Protus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeuroginosa (9.5%), Citrobacter ssp (4.7%), Candida albicans (7.9%). The antibacterial results against isolated microorganisms using methanolic extract of Senna alexanderina showed resistance to these microbes except S. aureus was sensitive; also, most microbes were sensitive to antibiotics.

Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics