Kitchen Ware Research Articles

Shell-tempered ceramics: A case study of Western Tripolye kitchen ware in the Middle Dniester region

The studies described in this article are based on the detailed examination of pottery assemblages from five Ukrainian sites attributed to the Western Tripolye Culture. Selected fragments of pottery were initially analysed using digital and electronic scanning microscopes in order to identify mollusc shells used as temper in pottery. Petrographic analysis revealed the elemental composition and techniques used in the manufacture of the ceramics, along with the differences between individual vessels.All the data was subsequently implemented in conducted experiments concerning the production of shell temper and ceramic vessels. The features of the vessels (resistance to thermal shock and influence of shell temper on cooking or stored products) were tested. Cooking products for experiments were selected according to the archaeological evidence. The pottery fragments and vessels used during these experiments were subsequently subjected to organic residue analysis.

Characterisation of Recycled Quarzitic and Plastic Aggregates for Sustainable Lightweight Screeds

The present contribution reports the results of the experimental investigation on a sustainable lightweight cementitious composite material, in which virgin sand is partially substituted by a very fine composite powder retrieved from the manufacturing process of kitchen and sanitary ware. In order to obtain lightweight structural concrete suitable for screeds, the mixture is completed by the addition of recycled polyethylene terephthalate aggregates and lightweight glass spherules. First, physical and morphological properties of the raw powder are thoroughly investigated. Then, the mechanical response of the composite is assessed by means of three-point bending tests and uni-axial compression tests. The conglomerates exhibit promising mechanical performance, thus being regarded as possible candidate for innovative and sustainable structural applications.

Preparation, mechanical properties and enhanced wear resistance of TiC-Fe composite cermet coating

TiC-Fe based cermet coating with high hardness and superior wear resistance together with low price and environmental friendliness was developed. Initially, the TiC-Fe composite particles were prepared by high energy ball milling, spray drying and plasma spheroidization. These cermet powders not only showed high sphericity and dense microstructure but also presented homogeneous distribution of TiC. Then, the TiC-Fe cermet coating was deposited by high velocity air fuel (HVAF). The results indicated that introducing ceramics would increase the deformation degree of the splats and eliminate the layered structure, which effectively enhanced the microhardness and wear resistance of composite coating. Compared with pure metallic coating, the microhardness of cermet coating increased to 887.5 HV0.3, while the wear rates of cermet coating reduced by 40% and 60% at 10 N and 25 N, respectively. Besides, the TiC-Fe cermet coating showed much less sensitive to the heavy load. The primary wear mechanism of single 316 L coating was a combination of adhesive wear and severe oxidation, while the TiC-Fe cermet coating showed slight abrasive wear combined with oxidation. The excellent wear resistance together with its harmless to human body make the TiC-Fe based composite coating a potential candidate when using at kitchen ware surface.

Adoption of technology and innovation among rural women for better life-style management

In rural society, though technology use is one aspect of social justice, bringing hope to the hopeless can be facilitated by use of technology to improve their quality of life. Technology could enhance their capabilities and encourage their participation in the process of development. But the promotion of technology can not be accelerated unless a climate of receptivity and an awareness of the importance of technology in modern life are created in the general public. Use of local resources and skills for the design and development of technologies would be helpful towards their speedy acceptance and adoption. The present study was undertaken in Chandragiri and Ramachandrapuram Mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The total sampling technique was adopted in the selection of respondents. A structured interview schedule prepared based on the objectives of the study, was used for collecting primary data. The major findings of the study showed that one third of the respondents were in the age group of 30-39 years. 84 per cent of the respondents were married. 41 per cent of the respondents were illiterates. Majority of the respondents belonged to the nuclear family system. 38 per cent of the respondents belonged to the income group of Rs. 2001-3000 per month. 85 per cent of the respondents were using modern kitchen ware technologies which enable them to cook quickly and comfortably. This enabled them to have more time to focus on their income earning activities. 76 per cent of the respondents reported that modern communication and information Technologies have helped them in the adoption of modern agricultural equipment, commercial crops, seeds and pesticides and market prices etc. majority of the respondents reported that adoption of new technologies has helped them to increase their incomes.

De ollas y cocina. El Rosario criollo, Argentina Siglos XVIII-XIX

Excavar en una ciudad implica buscar rastros de la vida cotidiana. Uno de los elementos más comunes y numerosos en casi todas las excavaciones son los restos de alfarería o cerámica ya sean envases, contenedores o vajilla de mesa y cocina. El estudio de la cerámica en el caso de Rosario, de los complejos cerámicos correspondientes a vajilla de mesa y cocina (ollas, platos, tazas, fuentes, etc.), nos permite analizar, investigar y relacionar importantes ítems como: tipo de alimentación, cronología relativa, industria, comercio, aspectos simbólicos, estéticos, relaciones sociales, etc.) No obstante debemos aclarar la fragmentación de las muestras, su representatividad y el tipo de clasificación e interpretación de las mismas.

THE EXPLORATION AT THE LATE TRYPILLIA SITE VILKHOVETS

Trypillya culture site near the village of Vilkhovets of Zvenyhorod Region of Cherkasy Oblast is one of the largest sites of the Kosenivka group from the end of CI — beginning of the CII stages of the Trypillia culture. It is occupied the area ca. 180 hectares. Large-scale magnetic survey on part of this territory and archaeological excavation were carried out here in the ninetees of the 20th century. The results of these researches and materials from the storage are published in the paper.
 The remains of burned two-storied dwelling were discovered in 1992. All the finds came from the remains of the house and the pit covered by it. Painted pottery from both objects is typical for the Kosenivka group. The so-called «kitchenware» was non-numerous. The fragments of striped smoothing over the neck of the pots indicate the earlier position within the Kosenivka group. Of particular interest are the remains of «kitchen» pots decorated in the style of Moliukhiv Buhor group which is associated by researchers with the Dereivka culture.
 The previously published C14 dates look like «younger» which may be reasoned by the peculiarities of the geology of this area, rich in natural radioactive substances. The Vilkhovets settlement can be dated before 3500 BC by comparson to the later Kosenivka settlements and sites of Dereivka culture.
 Vilkhovets may be the earliest settlement of Kosenivka group located at its eastern borders. This situation led to contacts with Moliukhiv Buhor group of Dereivka culture which is reflected by the decoration of Vilkhovets «kitchen ware» from one hand and by finds of painted pottery at Molukhiv Bugor (located at 140 km to East) from other hand. Consequently, Vilkhovets is an important site from several points of view: the development of the latest group of the Trypillia proto-cities and contacts of Trypillia people with steppe population in ca. middle 4th Millenium BC.

Focolari e piastre di cottura nell’abitato dell’età del Bronzo di Mursia (Pantelleria TP)

The Bronze Age settlement of Mursia (XVIII – XV cent. BC) displays several examples of domestic structures related to the use of fire. They are mainly hearths and other features for food preparing, but also used for lighting and heating dwellings. They are mainly placed inside the huts, utilized repeatedly, presumably daily, by members of a small group, of family size. The most recurrent structure is the hearth constructed with four stone slabs, placed vertically, the so called lithic cist. They are of small size (side length from 25 to 60 cm) and allow to prepare fire and live charcoal in a safe place. Filling layers of these structures are usually made of ash and charcoal, while at the bottom or around the structure there are evident marks of firing. Beyond the basic interpretation of these structures as fireplace, it remains uncertain the details about use for firing or cooking and especially the interaction with other aspects of daily life. In some huts there are more than one hearths with the shape of lithic cists and in some cases we are sure they are contemporary, so we need to interpret it as a necessity to prepare a higher amount of food, or a different use. Very often the filling layer shows that the structure was regularly cleaned and the burned products removed. Very unusual is the discovery of a small coal-shovel made of a bone scapula placed next to the lithic cist. Another main aspect to investigate is also the way to manage the smoke disposal. Some post holes around the hearth suggest the presence of some kind of draw, made of a chimney or a simple cowl. At Mursia there are other types of structured fireplaces changing during the different phases of the settlement: stone slabs often combined with lithic hearths were used as cooking plates are peculiar in the earliest phase; round or oval cooking plates made of a thin layer of clay arranged above a bed of small stones or pottery fragments are typical of later phases. In small dwellings they are associated to andirons and kitchen ware. The aim of this paper is to define how these structures were used, stressing the changes in managing fire, preparing food in accordance with the archaeological phases of the settlement. The analysis of the structures concerns technical characters, the distribution inside the settlement, the association with other domestic facilities, as well as to go into the items (pottery, tools) related to the use of fire and to cooking. The first results of the micromorphological analysis carried on archaeological soil samples give additional information about the manufacture techniques and the sedimentary record of the hearts use and cleaning.

The Properties of Nano Silver (Ag)-Geopolymer as Antibacterial Composite for Functional Surface Materials

The purpose of this research was to produce and characterize nano silver (Ag)-geopolymer composite for functional surface materials. Geopolymer matrix was synthesized through alkali activation of metakaolin and nano silver was added into geopolymers paste with a mass of 0, 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g keeping the mass of metakaolin constant. The mixture was cured at 70°C/1 hour and stored for 7 days before conducting any measurements. The structure of the resulting composite was examined by using Rigaku Mini Flex II x-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the morphology of the composite surface as well as the capability of the composite to isolate the growth of bacteria. The thermal properties of composites in terms of their working temperature and enthalpy were examined by using Perkin Elmer Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The heat resistance of composite was observed through calcination at 750°C for 18 hours. The results indicate that the resulting composites were able resist up 750°C. SEM examinations showed that nano Ag-geopolymer composites were effectively restraining the growth of bacteria. It is suggested that nano Ag-geopolymer composites are suitable for functional surface applications such as floor and wall, kitchen ware utensils, hospital instruments, art and decoration materials.

Late Roman C wares discovered at Histria in the Acropolis Centre-South sector (2013 and 2014)

În acest studiu sunt publicate 132 fragmente ceramice care au fost descoperite în primii doi ani de cercetări arheologice în Sectorul Acropolă Centru-Sud (săpătură coordonată de o echipă de la Universitatea din București), la Histria. Acest lot ceramic cuprinde zece forme cu 18 tipuri de veselă de bucătărie. Această categorie de piese oferă informații importante referitoare la cronologia Sectorului Acropolă Centru-Sud și la relațiile economice ale Histriei (și ale Scythiei Minor) în perioada romană târzie.

Late Roman pottery discovered at Histria in the Acropolis Centre‐South Sector (2015). Vasa escaria – Late Roman C Wares

The 90 pottery fragments presented in this paper were discovered in 2015 at Histria, in the Acropolă Centru‐ Sud sector (excavation coordinated by the University of Bucharest). The pottery pertains to seven forms with 14 types of kitchen ware. This category of artefacts is very important and, at the same time, very discriminated. Common ware – and most of the kitchen ware is part of this category – is overlooked in favour of luxury ware, lamps and amphorae, and a very large quantity of material pertaining to this category remains unstudied. This situation is common, in spite of the fact that, due to its fragility and the lack of a waterproof coating (which means that in a short time organic matter and mold make it unusable), it had a short life and therefore provides archaeologists with a much more refined chronological marker. Apart from the chronological information, the study of kitchenware can shed new light on the trade directions and the zone of political influence in Scythia Minor during the Late Roman period. The publication of the entire pottery lot from and excavation can lead, now or in the future, to the clarification of certain problems for which we can only make suppositions at the present moment.

Oriental amphorae discovered at Histria in the Acropolis Centre-South Sector (2014)

Cele 75 de fragmente de amfore, prezentate în studiul de faţă, fac parte dintr-un lot format din 315 fragmente descoperite în campania 2014, la Histria, în sectorul Acropolă Centru-Sud. Materialul ceramic poate fi împărţit în unsprezece tipuri amforice şi trei tipuri de capace de amforă. Lotul ceramic descoperit numără 12.044 fragmente împărţite astfel : amfore (72,791%), ceramica de bucătărie (22,038%), ceramica neîncadrată într-o categorie (4,018%), opaiţe (0,232%), diverse (materiale de construcţie, ceramica de perioadă greacă, jetoane ; 0,921%). Statistica realizată pe întreg lotul ceramic descoperit demonstrează că amforele rămân cea mai importantă categorie ceramică, urmată de ceramica de bucătărie, ceramica neîncadrabilă şi diverse (materiale de construcţie, ceramica de perioadă greacă, jetoane). Lotul triat pentru prelucrare se împarte astfel : amfore (39,142%), ceramica de bucătărie (48,857%), opaiţe (7,428%) şi diverse (4,573%).

Bisphenol A Migration Study in Baby Feeding Bottles of Selected Brands Available in the Indian Market

The wide applications of polycarbonate (PC) and other polymers in the kitchen ware and food storage containers increase the risk of human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), mainly through food and water. BPA results in endocrine disorders in humans; health impacts caused by the chemical vary with body weight and exposure dosage. The present study aims to test the safety of using PC bottles, for feeding infants with respect to BPA and the migration rate of BPA from the containers, while storing hot water at 70°C, for 1 h. Three different popular brands of PC baby feeding bottles were subjected to the tests. BPA residues were extracted with ethyl acetate and quantified using HPLC with PDA detector. The test reveals that BPA migrates from PC baby feeding bottles at 19 ng ml -1 of hot water (70°C), stored for 1 h.

Determination of Fe and Al contamination by NAA at preparation of traditional Mexican food

A study was carried out using NAA to measure the concentration of Al and Fe leached from kitchen ware into some popular Mexican sauces and juices. These elements were measured in red and green hot sauces cooked in Fe, Al and clay pans compared to a stainless steel pan. Similarly Al was measured in organe and grapefruit juices obtained using an Al extractor compared to a plastic one.

Визуальный Язык Описания “Русскости” В XVIII – Первой Четверти XIX Века

SUMMARY: The article by Elena Vishlenkova explores the peculiarity of the visual language of self-description in the Russian Empire and its potential for constructing Russian identity. The author contends that visual language was central to the process of constructing “Russianness” due to the following considerations: the majority of Russia’s population was illiterate, mass visual production was superior to other “languages” in terms of its communicative and semiotic potential, and due to the existence of a link between visual and verbal projects of Russianness and the subsequent concept of the “Russian people.” The author analyzes mass graphic production from the 18 th century to the first quarter of the 19 th century in Russia. She scrutinizes the ethnographic illustrations (“costumes”), caricatures, print making and the decoration of kitchen ware, medals, and bas-reliefs. The author contends that there were at least three visual images of Russianness: “ethnographic,” “populist,” and “Slavic.” Vishlenkova focuses on the various intentions of the authors of constructed Russianness, the practices of representation, and the emerging visual conventions of the perception of art. In terms of intentionality, she differentiates between the desire of the authorities to capture a cumulative image of the subject-population, the search for a medium for interaction between elites and the people in the situation of war, and the response to the intellectual challenge of German Romanticism. The author demonstrates the development of representations of Russianness from conventionality to naturalism and metaphoric elevation. The narrative also captures the ruptures and alternative modalities of representations that resulted from the limitations of collective art production and the lack of authenticity in the process of the development of visual language.

Microbiological test for sanitation of equipment in the food factory.

Microbiological sampling of utensils, tableware, and kitchen ware, in addition to equipment, permits objective evaluation of sanitation practices and procedures used for these items from food service operations.

The Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III, King of Assyria

pattern, a swirling motif, and a rosette. Building Level IV, a domestic structure below Level III, was investigated in a small opening which yielded a collection of kitchen ware and the Banesh radiocarbon date cited on the chart. The Banesh ceramic assemblage, not yet well defined, includes most commonly bevel-rim bowls, a variety of other forms in a crude plain buff ware, open club-rim bowls in a plain grit-tempered red ware, and a ware with simple geometric painted designs. The excavations at Malyan raise several interesting questions concerning chronology and cultural relations which may be summarized as follows: a) What is the culture associated with the Middle Elamite inscriptions? If it was characterized by a Susiana Elamite plain ware, as seems likely, then it appears to represent an intrusion on the indigenous culture. The local painted ware tradition, represented by Shogha ware, was preserved during the late second millennium B.C. on at least seventeen sites, but is not found on the surface at Malyan as would be expected in the case of ware used during a late occupation. This situation clearly raises important issues regarding ethnic identity and political relations in Elam and Anshan. b) The duration and development of the Kaftari culture needs to be clarified. The excava-

Cerámica común tardorromana, imitación de sigillata, en la provincia de Segovia. Aproximación al estudio de las producciones cerámicas del siglo V en la Meseta Norte y su transición al mundo hispano-visigodo

The V th century A.D. is possibly the least known period of Roman Hispania, especially as far as its material culture is concerned: town planning, architecture, pottery, metalwork, glass, and so on. In this paper we tackle a particular area of that material culture within a specific region: the common pottery (table and kitchen ware), imitation of the terra sigillata, in the Segovia province. Our essential aim has been to define its technical, typological and decorative characteristics, as well as the features it bears in common with the terra sigillata, and its significance in the origin of Hispanic-Visigothic pottery. In order to do so, we have taken into account ceramics from towns such as Cauca, Cerro del Castillo (in Bernardos) or Cerro de la Virgen de Tormejon (in Armuna), as well as rural settlements ( villae rusticae ?), burying grounds (El Cantosal, Aguilafuente, Duraton, etc.), and single findings.

Ceramics are forever

Mention ceramics to the layman and the range of uses would probably extend no further than kitchen and bathroom ware, with perhaps the odd mention of sparking plugs and insulators for overhead power lines.

Towards an Atlas of British Folk Culture

THE study of folklore is usually regarded as a historical exercise. That was certainly the view of folklorists in the first half-century of the Folklore Society's existence, when debate revolved mainly around such topics as the origins of customs and beliefs, the interpretation of myths and folktales, and the survival, in brokendown vestigial forms, of ancient religions and rituals, whose primary force and meaning could be reconstructed, with luck and the use of the comparative method, and whose manifestations could then be organised into some kind of evolutionary sequence. Such ways of thinking remain widespread as our Society approaches the end of its second half-century. The number of people who, if confronted with a collection of kitchen ware, would automatically swoop on a pair of Scotch hands or a block of knife powder as being interesting 'bygones' thus demonstrating a basically historical cast of mind still vastly outnumbers those whose first impulse would be to consider how these items might be related in some kind of system to stainless steel steak knives and plastic dishes designed to hold half-pound packs of Danish butter. The latter turn of mind would demonstrate a basically structural or functional approach, and would very properly jettison the concept of 'bygones' if it turned out that the Scotch hands were still used for working little balls of butter to pile in crystal dishes for afternoon tea, if only on occasions when the family was entertaining impressionable guests. These two approaches, so sharply at variance with each other, represent two main trends in anthropological and sociological studies, in linguistic studies, and even in folklore studies, today. They are not, however, mutually exclusive approaches in practice: indeed I have an impression that the pendulum of fashion, which

Department Store Distribution

BEFORE attempting any speculation about the coming year we should review briefly the conditions confronting department stores and retailers selling similar merchandise. The first of these is the complete disappearance of many items, such as pianos, radios, kitchen ware and home furnishings of metal. Second, there are severe restrictions upon the manufacture of metal lamps and lighting fixtures, bicycles and wheel goods including baby carriages, the length of shirt-tails, of vests, extra pairs of trousers, shoes, women's wear, and a thousand similar products. These restrictions have been adopted to conserve raw materials. Third, there are the price ceiling limitations of the Office of Price Administration. First came the General Maximum Price Regulation which we now call affectionately GMPR. This has been gradually replaced or superseded by some 475 to 480 special rulings on specific commodities, which consequently come out from under the umbrella of GMPR. The overall effect of the price regulations has been to narrow the initial margin of retailers. On the whole, the effect upon retailing has not been destructive or disastrousbecause the administration of the regulations in most districts has been of the common sense variety. We have been particularly fortunate in the Cleveland district in the judicial, businesslike administration of the local O.P.A. office.