Kingdom Of Hanover Research Articles

Hanover and Göttingen,1837

1837, the death of King William IV brought the personal union between the United Kingdom and Hanover (1714-1837) to an end. The practice of one dynasty ruling over two separate states was not uncommon in medieval and early modern European history, and eighteenth-century Great Britain was no exception, as it established personal unions with Ireland ( 17071801 ) and with Hanover, following the accession of George I to the British throne in 1 7 14. Following Salic law and its requirement of male rulership, however, Guelph dynastic custom barred Queen Victoria from ascending to Hanover's throne, thus concluding the 123 -year monarchical link between the two kingdoms. The impact of this complex relationship remains understudied. Whether examining Britain's relations with continental powers, its alignments during the Years War, its strategy in the Napoleonic wars, or its policies toward Metternichian Germany, Britain's personal union with a central European kingdom (situated in the larger political framework of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation) complicated its geopolitical strategies. A superb recent reassessment of the dimension in British political life should reconfigure current discussions about Britain's empire, national identity, and political culture.1 But one might equally ask how the personal union an institutional and cultural instance of British rule beyond its shores affected Hanover and the political world of the German Confederation, within which Hanoverian politics operated. Given its status as an outpost of English civilization, how did Hanover's personal union with the United Kingdom affect its public affairs (Biskup 128)? To examine this large question, this brief essay examines the last years of the union. In particular, it examines the political crisis surrounding King William IV's constitution of 1833. When his successor, King Ernst August, dissolved the constitution four years later, seven professors of University protested the king's decision and refused to take a new oath. In response, Ernst August dismissed them from their university posts, an action that became a political sensation. In 1837, the cause celebre of the Gottingen Seven unleashed a four-year constitutional crisis in Hanover, strengthened Germany's public sphere as an autonomous force in civil society, and constituted a signal moment in forming moderate constitutional liberalism as an oppositional front in German politics. In 1833, King William IV, the last of the Hanoverian line, promulgated a new constitution in the Kingdom of Hanover, replacing a royal patent from 1819 that allowed an anti-constitutional aristocratic party to govern through provincial diets and an absentee foreign chancellery in London (Huber, Deutsche 86). By contrast, the constitution of 1833 provided the kingdom with a bicameral

The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (1) The Kingdom of Hanover and the Marienburg Sale

(2007). The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (1) The Kingdom of Hanover and the Marienburg Sale. The Court Historian: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 49-61.

Gauss, Meyerstein and Hanoverian Metrology

Summary The growing need for standardized units of measure led to major metrological reforms in the mid-nineteenth century. This paper focusses on their implementation in the Kingdom of Hanover and the involvement of C.F. Gauss. His papers reveal how much the success of his precision measurements hinged on the skill of his mechanic M. Meyerstein. A discussion of the regional weights and measures and the standardization procedure is followed by a description of various precision balances and the weighing methods employed as well as a review of the problems posed by reliable length calibration. The success of the enterprise rested not only on intellectual prestige and ministerial clout but also on the hands-on skill of the mechanical practitioner.

The Kingdom of Hanover and the Geneva Convention

The Kingdom of Hanover and the Geneva Convention

Prof. Ernst Ehlers

PROF. ERNST EHLERS was born on November n, 1835, in Liineburg in the kingdom of Hanover, where his early education, carefully supervised by his father, who was a merchant, was. received, and where the ancient buildings and historical surroundings doubtless had an influence on his sensitive mind. His training consisted of a good knowledge of classics, of history, mathematics, French, and chemistry, whilst his natural bent found a congenial field in faunistic works. He then (1857) proceeded southward to the University of Gottingen, where he energetically studied medicine and natural science, two subjects so intimately related, as all history shows, that the efforts of the late Scottish Universities Commission to separate them are vain. Amongst the professors there, none interested him more than W. Keferstein, R. Wagner, and Bodeker. There were comparatively few zoologists of the period who, like Ehlers, entered on their later studies with broad views and a thorough acquaintance with both vertebrate and invertebrate anatomy. It is true in his early days he had not the advantage of a life on the sea-coast and of familiarising himself with marine life from Protozoa to mammals, but he balanced this by his able researches on structure and by his skilful pencil, so that amongst the distinguished zoologists of the period he stands prominently forward.

1. Notes on the Geology of Lüneburg, in the kingdom of Hanover

Lüneburg is the capital of the old Hanoverian duchy of the same name. It stands on the small navigable river Ilmenau, about thirty miles S.E. from Hamburg, and about 150 feet above the sea. The country around is a flat sandy heath, from which the gypseous limestone rock of the Kalkberg rises, not unlike Dumbarton Castle, to a height of 180 feet above the plain.