Kinetics Of Hydrolysis Reaction Research Articles

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation through Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment of Waste Aluminum for Hydrolysis Reaction.

This study investigates the low-temperature hydrogen plasma treatment approach for the improvement of hydrogen generation through waste aluminum (Al) reactions with water and electricity generation via proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC). Waste Al scraps were subjected to ball milling and treated using two different low-temperature plasma regimes: Diode and magnetron-initiated plasma treatment. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using powders with different treatments, varying molarities, and reaction temperatures to assess hydrogen generation, reaction kinetics, and activation energy. The results indicate that magnetron-initiated plasma treatment significantly enhances the hydrolysis reaction kinetics compared to untreated powders or those treated with diode-generated plasma. Analysis of chemical bonds revealed that magnetron-initiated hydrogen plasma treatment takes advantage by promoting a dual procedure: Surface cleaning and Al nanocluster deposition on top of Al powders. Moreover, it was modeled that such H2 plasma could penetrate up to 150 Å depth. Meanwhile, electricity generation tests demonstrate that only 0.2 g of treated Al powder can generate approximately 1 V for over 300 s under a constant 2.5 Ω load and 1.5 V for 2700 s with a spinning fan.

Experimental and Computational Study of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter Facilitated Hydrolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN).

This study investigated the reaction pathway of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) on the pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM) to assess the scope and mechanism of PCM-facilitated surface hydrolysis. DNAN degradation was observed at pH 11.5 and 25 °C with a model PCM, graphite, whereas no significant decay occurred without graphite. Experiments were performed at pH 11.5 due to the lack of DNAN decay at pH below 11.0, which was consistent with previous studies. Graphite exhibited a 1.78-fold enhancement toward DNAN decay at 65 °C and pH 11.5 relative to homogeneous solution by lowering the activation energy for DNAN hydrolysis by 54.3 ± 3.9%. This is supported by our results from the computational modeling using Car-Parrinello simulations by ab initio molecular dynamics/molecular mechanics (AIMD/MM) and DFT free energy simulations, which suggest that PCM effectively lowered the reaction barriers by approximately 8 kcal mol-1 compared to a homogeneous solution. Quaternary ammonium (QA)-modified activated carbon performed the best among several PCMs by reducing DNAN half-life from 185 to 2.5 days at pH 11.5 and 25 °C while maintaining its reactivity over 10 consecutive additions of DNAN. We propose that PCM can affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrolysis reactions by confining the reaction species near PCM surfaces, thus making them less accessible to solvent molecules and creating an environment with a weaker dielectric constant that favors nucleophilic substitution reactions. Nitrite formation during DNAN decay confirmed a denitration pathway, whereas demethylation, the preferred pathway in homogeneous solution, produces 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Denitration catalyzed by PCM is advantageous to demethylation because nitrite is less toxic than DNAN and DNP. These findings provide critical insights for reactive adsorbent design that has broad implications for catalyst design and pollutant abatement.

Rapid hydrolysis of NO2 at High Ionic Strengths of Deliquesced Aerosol Particles.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) hydrolysis in deliquesced aerosol particles forms nitrous acid and nitrate and thus impacts air quality, climate, and the nitrogen cycle. Traditionally, it is considered to proceed far too slowly in the atmosphere. However, the significance of this process is highly uncertain because kinetic studies have only been made in dilute aqueous solutions but not under high ionic strength conditions of the aerosol particles. Here, we use laboratory experiments, air quality models, and field measurements to examine the effect of the ionic strength on the reaction kinetics of NO2 hydrolysis. We find that high ionic strengths (I) enhance the reaction rate constants (kI) by more than an order of magnitude compared to that at infinite dilution (kI=0), yielding log10(kI/kI=0) = 0.04I or rate enhancement factor = 100.04I. A state-of-the-art air quality model shows that the enhanced NO2 hydrolysis reduces the negative bias in the simulated concentrations of nitrous acid by 28% on average when compared to field observations over the North China Plain. Rapid NO2 hydrolysis also enhances the levels of nitrous acid in other polluted regions such as North India and further promotes atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study highlights the need to evaluate various reaction kinetics of atmospheric aerosols with high ionic strengths.

A supramolecular assembly of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin and viologen calix[4]resorcinol as the master key to sustainable and eco-friendly catalyst for paraoxon hydrolysis

The search for effective ways of paraoxon (POX) degradation becomes an extremely urgent problem, which can be solved by creating effective bioscavengers in the form of three-dimensional macrocycles. In this work, supramolecular interactions in an aqueous medium were studied between (4-sulfobutyl)-β-cyclodextrin, the hydrophobic cavity of which is capable of binding POX, and viologen calix[4]resorcinol, the cationic groups of which are able to facilitate the nucleophilic attack on the phosphorus atom of the pesticide. A complex of physicochemical methods revealed the nature of the interactions between these cyclodextrin and calix[4]resorcinol, as a result of which the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles occurs. The kinetics of POX hydrolysis reaction using these nanoparticles was studied at room temperature in aqueous Tris-buffer medium by spectrophotometric method. Pure cyclodextrin does not exhibit catalytic activity in the POX hydrolysis, but its presence in a mixture with calix[4]resorcinol leads to a fivefold increase in the hydrolysis rate constant compared to pure calix[4]resorcinol.

A supramolecular catalyst based on sodium alginate and viologen calix[4]resorcinol for the room temperature hydrolysis of paraoxon

Properties of paraoxon, such as poor water solubility, low rate of natural decomposition, ability to accumulate in soil and wastewater, lead to the fact that paraoxon is found in various agricultural products and textiles. In this regard, the search for effective ways of paraoxon degradation becomes an extremely urgent problem, which can be solved by creating catalysts by mimicking paraxonase. In this work, a complex of physicochemical methods was used to study the supramolecular interactions of sodium alginate, which has a calcium-binding ability similar to paraxonase, with viologen calix[4]resorcinol and to reveal the nature of the intermolecular interactions between them resulting in the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles. Before proceeding to the investigation of the binding ability of obtained nanoparticles to paraoxon, the encapsulating effect of nanoparticles on a number of model substrates of different solubility (doxorubicin hydrochloride, quercetin and oleic acid) was studied. The kinetics of paraoxon hydrolysis reaction using these nanoparticles was studied at room temperature in an aqueous medium by spectrophotometric method. The rate of this reaction increases with increasing concentration of stable nanoparticles having hydrophobic domains that ensure paraoxon immobilization. The results obtained allow considering the supramolecular polysaccharide/calixarene system as an effective biomimetic catalyst.

Use of isoperibolic reaction calorimeter for the study of reaction kinetics of acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction: Effect of acetic anhydride and water ratio

Use of isoperibolic reaction calorimeter for the study of reaction kinetics of acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction: Effect of acetic anhydride and water ratio

Studies on Water–Aluminum Scrap Reaction Kinetics in Two Steps and the Efficiency of Green Hydrogen Production

This work aims to explain aluminum hydrolysis reaction kinetics based on a properly chosen theoretical model with machined aluminum waste chips as well as alkali solutions up to 1M as a promoter and to estimate the overall reaction profit. The purpose of this work is to assess the optimal alkali concentration in the production of small- and medium-scale green hydrogen. To obtain results with better accuracy, we worked with flat Al waste chips, because a flat surface is preferable to maximally increase the time for the created hydrogen bubbles to reach the critical gas pressure. Describing the reaction kinetics, a flat shape allows for the use of a planar one-dimensional shrinking core model instead of a much more complicated polydisperse spheric shrinking core model. We analyzed the surface chemical reaction and mass transfer rate steps to obtain the first-order rate constant for the surface reaction and the diffusion coefficient of the aqueous reactant in the byproduct layer, respectively. We noted that measurements of the diffusion coefficient in the byproduct layer performed and discussed in this paper are rare to find in publications at alkali concentrations below 1M. With our reactor, we achieved a H2 yield of 1145 mL per 1 g of Al with 1M NaOH, which is 92% of the theoretical maximum. In the estimation of profit, the authors’ novelty is in paying great attention to the loss in alkali and finding a crucial dependence on its price. Nevertheless, in terms of consumed and originated materials for sale, the conversion of aluminum waste material into green hydrogen with properly chosen reaction parameters has positive profit even when consuming an alkali of a chemical grade.

Assessing the Accuracy of Density Functional Approximations for Predicting Hydrolysis Reaction Kinetics.

Hydrolysis reactions are ubiquitous in biological, environmental, and industrial chemistry. Density functional theory (DFT) is commonly employed to study the kinetics and reaction mechanisms of hydrolysis processes. Here, we present a new data set, Barrier Heights for HydrOlysis - 36 (BH2O-36), to enable the design of density functional approximations (DFAs) and the rational selection of DFAs for applications in aqueous chemistry. BH2O-36 consists of 36 diverse organic and inorganic forward and reverse hydrolysis reactions with reference energy barriers ΔE‡ calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. Using BH2O-36, we evaluate 63 DFAs. In terms of mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative absolute error (MRAE), ωB97M-V is the best-performing DFA tested, while MN12-L-D3(BJ) is the best-performing pure (nonhybrid) DFA. Broadly, we find that range-separated hybrid DFAs are necessary to approach chemical accuracy (0.043 eV). Although the best-performing DFAs include a dispersion correction to account for long-range interactions, we find that dispersion corrections do not generally improve MAE or MRAE for this data set.

Direct Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Monoacylglycerol and Diacylglycerol Isomers for the Study of Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols.

The fast and selective separation method of intact monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG) isomers using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) was developed and employed to study lipase selectivity in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TGs). The synthesis of 28 enantiomerically pure MG and DG isomers was performed in the first stage using the most commonly occurring fatty acids in biological samples such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. To develop the SFC separation method, different chromatographic conditions such as column chemistry, mobile phase composition and gradient, flow rate, backpressure, and temperature were carefully assessed. Our SFC-MS method used a chiral column based on a tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivative of amylose and neat methanol as a mobile phase modifier, which provides baseline separation of all the tested enantiomers in 5 min. This method was used to evaluate hydrolysis selectivity of lipases from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) using nine TGs differing in acyl chain length (14-22 carbon atoms) and number of double bonds (0-6) and three DG regioisomer/enantiomers as hydrolysis intermediate products. PFL exhibited preference of the fatty acyl hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of TG more pronounced for the substrates with long polyunsaturated acyls, while PPL did not show considerable stereoselectivity to TGs. Conversely, PPL preferred hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of prochiral sn-1,3-DG regioisomer, whereas PFL exhibited no preference. Both lipases showed selectivity for the hydrolysis of outer positions of DG enantiomers. The results show complex reaction kinetics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis given by different stereoselectivities for substrates.

Subcritical Water Process for Reducing Sugar Production from Biomass: Optimization and Kinetics

The competitive reactions of lignocellulose hydrolysis and monosaccharide degradation in the subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of coconut husk were investigated to optimize the reducing sugar yield. Optimization analysis was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetics studies. Parameters of process optimization were varied at 130-170 °C for 15-45 min. The reducing sugars were measured using the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The sugar yield increased when the temperature increased from 130 °C to 170 °C. The highest reduction sugar yield of 4.946 g/L was obtained at 183.6 °C for 4.8 min and 23.4 liquid/solid ratio (LSR). Kinetics studies were carried out at temperature variations of 150, 170, and 190 °C and pressures of 60, 80, and 100 bar for 5 to 60 min. The yield of reducing sugar decreased with increasing temperature. The kinetic model 2B is the best method to explain the competitive reaction kinetics of coconut husk hydrolysis. This research is an innovation to increase the reducing sugar to make the process more commercially viable. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Methanolysis of amides under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions with a continuous tubular reactor

The methanolysis of amides, which is widely employed in the synthetic organic chemistry, hardly occurs under mild conditions. To safely and controllably intensify the methanolysis reaction with high-temperature and high-pressure environment, a continuous tubular reaction technology is developed, whose space–time yield is over twice of that of the conventional batch reaction. The methanolysis of acetanilide is selected as the representative reaction, and the influences of temperature, pressure, reactant and catalyst concentration, and residence time on the reaction performances are systematically investigated. Taking the advantages of precise temperature and reaction time control by the tubular reactor, the kinetics of acetanilide methanolysis are determined and compared to the kinetics of acetanilide hydrolysis reaction. The tubular reaction method is also employed to test a variety of other amides to show the effects of substituents, steric hindrance, and alkalinity on the reaction rate of methanolysis.

Highly selective kinetic resolution of D/L-syn-p-sulfone phenylserine catalyzed by d-threonine aldolase in two-phase ionic solvent

In the chemical synthesis of L-syn-p-methylsulfoxide phenylserine ethyl ester (D-ethyl ester), l-tartaric acid or enzymatic resolution is employed to resolve the racemate, and thus obtain the target compound, and the remaining isomer can be recycled to obtain the raw material. In this study, high-purity L-syn-p-methylsulfoxide phenylserine (L-syn-MPS) was obtained. The kinetics of the d-threonine aldolase enzymatic hydrolysis reaction reveals that D-syn-p-sulfoxylphenylserine resolves well in [BMIM][BF4] ionic solvents. The D/L-syn-MPS racemate was resolved using a two-phase ionic solvent [BMIM][NTf2] to afford L-syn-MPS (ee (enantiomeric excess) > 99%) and a white solid in 41.7% yield. Therefore, this system is suitable for the separation of insoluble aldehydes and successfully avoids the condensation of hydroxyl aldehydes to form D-anti-MPS.

Unveiling the mechanism of the triethyl phosphate hydrolysis reaction in the synthesis of the sol-gel-derived 58S bioactive glass

The sol-gel method is one of the most used methods due to its outstanding capacity to obtain alkaline-earth phosphosilicate bioactive glass with high bioactivity. This efficient synthesis method involves several stages constituted by intermediate chemical reactions, which are governed by mechanisms and kinetic parameters that lead to the formation of the precursor gel of the vitreous matrix. Although the sol-gel method has been widely used for the preparation of materials, some steps are still not completely understood and that affect the final properties of the synthesized materials. For instance, the hydrolysis reaction of triethyl phosphate (TEP) which, similarly to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), is assumed to be complete in the stage of formation of the precursor gel of the glass matrix. Furthermore, the SN2-type mechanism for the hydrolysis of TEP is widely assumed. However, the absence of studies that support these presumptions fully justifies the use of theoretical methods to gain information about the hydrolysis of TEP within the sol-gel synthesis of 58S bioactive glass. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the reaction mechanisms and kinetic behavior of TEP hydrolysis. Our results show that the TEP hydrolysis reaction is very slow in its three stages, occurring not only via the SN2 mechanism with configuration inversion (SN2–I), as is commonly reported in the literature, but also via SN2 with configuration retention (SN2–R). Furthermore, it was found that the hydrolysis reaction via SN2–I occurs with faster kinetics than SN2–R. This behavior was observed for the three stages of TEP hydrolysis, both in protonated and non-protonated solutions. Based on our findings on the mechanisms and kinetics of triethyl phosphate hydrolysis reactions, a simple chemical model for the formation of calcium pyrophosphate crystalline domains in 58S sol-gel bioactive glass was proposed. In our model, TEOS undergoes rapid hydrolysis, followed by immediate condensation leading to the formation of three-dimensional silica gels, that permeate non-hydrolyzed TEP molecules due to their slow kinetic rate. This mismatch between the reactions of precursor alkoxides in acidic medium, results in a strong tendency in the formation of a glassy microstructure with low structural homogeneity characterized by crystalline domains of calcium pyrophosphate permeated by a silica-rich glass matrix.

Influence of pH on the kinetics of hydrolysis reactions: the case of epichlorohydrin and glycidol

A kinetic model of hydrolysis, chlorination and dehydrochlorination involving epichlorohydrin and glycidol, covering a broad range of temperature and pH, was developed.

Kinetics of hydrolysis reactions and triacylglycerols oxidation in olive oil during prolonged storage

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the antioxidant beta-carotene and storage temperature on hydrolytic and oxidative processes occurring during storage of extra virgin olive oil obtained from olives grown in the soil and climatic conditions in Syria. The research aims to study the effect of temperature and beta-carotene on the kinetics of the hydrolysis reactions of triglycerides and fatty acids oxidation in olive oil during storage. The object of the study was extra virgin olive oil obtained from olives grown in Syria according to the generally accepted technology in 2019. And beta-carotene, produced by Ekoresurs, has been used as a natural antioxidant. The kinetics of the hydrolysis and oxidation reaction was evaluated by studying the change in the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids during storage of the control sample from olive oil (sample No. 1), and experimental samples with the addition of beta-carotene at concentrations of 400 mg/L (sample No. 2) and 600 mg/L (sample No. 3). These samples were stored at 18 ° C. And sample No. 4 was stored without adding beta-carotene at 4 ° C. Upon receipt for storage and during this process, the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the test samples was determined periodically by gas chromatography on an LC-20 Shimadzu chromatograph, and organoleptic quality indicators were evaluated on a five-point scale. In addition, the content of triacylglycerols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were determined based on the change in beta-carotene dose, temperature, and period of storage. Also, the rate constants of the fatty acid oxidation reaction have been calculated. It was shown that the minimum rate of free fatty acids oxidation during storage of extra virgin olive oil for 7 months was in the olive oil sample stored at + 18 ° C with the addition of 400 mg/L of beta-carotene, as well as in the olive oil sample stored in the refrigerator at + 4 ° C without adding antioxidant.

Controllable hydrogen generation behavior by hydrolysis of MgH2-based materials

Hydrogen supply via the hydrolysis of light-weight metal-based materials is a promising technology for the development of portable hydrogen fuel cells. The hydrolysis reaction of MgH2 with water has been significantly activated through changing the aqueous solution. Special difficulty encountered with these experimental attempts, however, is the lack of satisfactory method to adjust the hydrogen generation rate. In this work, the catalytic activity of typical oxides, hydroxides and chlorides on the MgH2 hydrolyzed in water is systematically investigated, thereby tuning the hydrolysis reaction kinetics of MgH2. It is found that the hydrogen generation rate of the system can be improved dramatically when hydrolyzed in a slightly acidic solution of chloride salts. A mechanism called solution ion effect with consideration both of the anions and cations in the solution is proposed. Such an effect is also found to be strongly correlated to other factors such as the particle size, ion concentration. As consequence, both the hydrogen generation rate and capacity can be well-controlled by tailoring the milling time, concentration of aqueous solutions and the way of introducing solute. Our findings provide new strategies in tailoring the hydrolysis kinetics of light-weight metal hydrides.

Effect of low B addition on Al-Zn alloy's hydrogen production performance

Aluminium hydrolysis is a promising method for hydrogen generation due to its instant hydrogen production, simplicity, controllability, and safety properties. Moreover, Al is very common, recyclable, lightweight material and it has no degradation problem to supply hydrogen in energy conversion devices. Hydrogen produced by Al can be easily adapted to fuel cells to convert energy into higher efficiency. In this study, the effect of low B additions (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) to the Al-2wt.%Zn alloy's hydrogen generation performance is investigated. Different temperatures (25, 50, and 80 °C) and different concentrations of NaOH (1, 3, and 5 M) are studied to observe their effects on the hydrogen production and corrosion rate. At 80 °C and 5 M NaOH concentration, in Al-2wt.%Zn-0.5wt.%B alloy, around 83% higher hydrogen generation performance is obtained than Al-2wt.% Zn alloy. The hydrolysis reaction kinetics are investigated with the Arrhenius equation and by low B addition, activation energy of the Al-2wt.%Zn and Al-2wt.%Zn-0.5 wt.%B alloys are decreased from 26.717 kJ mol−1 to 23.526 kJ mol−1.

New insight into reaction mechanisms of TiCl4 for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in H2O-assisted atmospheric-pressure CVS process

Crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in the gas phase using an H2O-assisted atmospheric-pressure CVS process. Simultaneous oxidation/hydrolysis of TiCl4 in the H2O-assisted APCVS process demonstrates the feasibility of facile fabrication and the designed synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in atmospheric pressure. Kinetics and thermodynamics studies of TiCl4 reactions in the gas phase illustrated oxidation or hydrolysis domination theoretically and were confirmed by experimental runs. Effects of H2O/O2 ratio on the reactions mechanisms, phase formation, size characteristics, morphology, and purity of TiO2 nanoparticles were experimentally studied using various analytical techniques including TEM, XRD, SAED, and TG-DTA. The synthesized particles were significantly finer with higher crystallinity than those produced by the solitary oxidation process. The average size of TiO2 nanoparticles was 12 ± 4 nm under simultaneous oxidation/hydrolysis, while that was 34 ± 5 nm without hydrolysis. Hydrolysis dominates in lower temperatures caused by lower activation energy and higher kinetics of hydrolysis reaction.

Development of Hybrid Drilling Fluid and Enzyme-Acid Precursor-Based Clean-Up Fluid for Wells Drilled with Calcium Carbonate-Based Drilling Fluids.

Significant formation damage can occur during drilling operations because of the invasion of drilling fluid fines and filtrates that lead to pore blocking and saturation alteration mechanisms. This study demonstrates the ways to minimize drilling fluid-related damage and the removal of the deposited filter cake in the carbonate reservoir through judicious selection of bridging particles using “ideal packing theory” and formulation of an enzyme-based clean-up fluid with an acid precursor. The polymer-based drill-in-fluid with a mixed grade of CaCO3 bridging particles resulted in a compact filter cake with reduced filtration loss preventing internal pore damage significantly. Several ester hydrolysis reaction kinetics were studied, and finally, one combination was chosen as the suitable acid precursor because of its ability to generate a required concentration of acid within the downhole condition. The return permeability of mud-damaged carbonate core plugs was higher than 95% after exposure to the clean-up solution. The corrosion rates were found to be significantly below the industry limits, and the use of acid corrosion inhibitors is eliminated.

Enhanced xylan conversion to xylitol in a bio- and chemocatalytic one-pot process

A novel hybrid process for the conversion of xylan via hydrolytic hydrogenation achieved a xylitol yield of up to 65 %. As part of this study, the hypothesis of decreased product (xylose) inhibition of enzymes during xylan hydrolysis due to rapid conversion of xylose to xylitol was investigated experimentally. We found that xylose inhibition can play an important part in the reaction kinetics of xylan hydrolysis with commercially available enzymes. For example, at 10 wt.-% xylose concentration, the activity of enzymes dropped by ca. 80 %. In contrast, the final desired product xylitol showed only a slight inhibitory effect of about 20 % activity loss of the enzymes.The one-pot process of hydrolytic hydrogenation requires enzyme stability at higher-than-optimal temperatures and pressures, to ensure their activity at harsher process conditions needed for the chemo-catalytic hydrogenation. Therefore enzyme activity was tested at elevated temperatures and pressures. The tests were carried out with two enzyme mixtures (Ecopulp TX-800 A and Alkozym CPX). Both showed no activity loss over 60 min exposure time at pressures of up to 40 bar. However, their thermal resistance differs strongly, with Alkozym already deactivating at 50 °C, while Ecopulp remained mostly active at up to 80 °C.The novel sequential process (4 consecutive steps) achieved a xylitol yield of up to 65 % with almost 80 % xylan conversion.Our findings show both limitations and potential benefits of hybrid processes which try to exploit both biological and chemical catalysis. This type of combined catalysis for reaction cascades could further accelerate the ongoing research in process development for catalytic biorefineries.