Expansion Kinetics Research Articles

Rapid manufacture of low-seed CAR-T cells in a GMP-grade hollow-fiber bioreactor platform

Both quality of product and rapidity of manufacture are critical parameters if ex vivo manufacturing of autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies is to reach its full potential. The Quantum Flex™ Cell Expansion System from Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies (Terumo BCT), a hollow-fiber bioreactor platform, is one of several cell expansion systems available to cell and gene therapy manufacturers to generate such cells in a GMP-compliant manner. In this study, the dynamic range of the Quantum Flex platform to expand CD19 CAR-T cells from variable quantities of starting material was investigated. Reflecting the industry's utilization of contract development manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) for accelerating clinical timelines, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies performed a technology transfer of application protocols for study execution. Four different amounts starting material (1, 3, 6, and 15 million cells) were expanded on Quantum Flex, using a unique donor's cells for each run. In this study, CAR-T cells were created using commercially obtained T cells and an anti-CD19 CAR-T lentiviral construct. The resultant heterogenous cell populations were expanded for 7 days in the functionally closed bioreactor platform. Expansion kinetics for all 4 starting material amounts were remarkedly similar, resulting in a 150- to 200-fold increase in cell numbers. This allowed for a study maximum of 2.6 billion cells from loading 15 million cells. Viability remained high throughout the expansion process with > 93% for all 4 donors at harvest. To complete the manufacturing cycle, the automated and functionally closed Finia™ Fill and Finish System (Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, CO) was used to formulate the cells for cryopreservation. Post-procedure analysis for potency and cytotoxicity demonstrated the production of efficacious cells. With this range of starting numbers, the platform is relevant to adult, pediatric, and compassionate CAR-T expansion dosing. Today, several platforms are available to achieve sufficient cell yields for therapeutic applications of CAR-T, and awareness of the capabilities, pros, and cons of each platform is critical to drive progress.

Free-standing medium-entropy porous needle-like FeCoCuNi phosphide nanowires-formed flower clusters/carbon fiber anode with high capacity and long durability for sodium-ion batteries

The drastic volume expansion and slow sodium-ion kinetics hinder the practical application of phosphides with high specific capacity and low discharge voltage in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we introduced entropy configuration into nanostructures and prepared a novel free-standing, three-dimensional, porous needle-like medium-entropy Fe, Co, Cu, Ni phosphide (ME-FCCNP) nanowires-formed flower clusters/carbon fiber cloth (CFC) anode (ME-FCCNP@CFC) for SIBs. The distorted lattices caused by medium-entropy configuration provide abundant sites for sodium-ion reactions and improve the electron transfer rate. The medium-entropy effects improve the mechanical stability, while the three-dimensional networks and porous needle-like nanowires provide sufficient space for the volume expansion. These combined properties enable the ME-FCCNP@CFC electrode to exhibit a high-rate capability of 170.8 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 and deliver a specific capacity of 325.8 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, far surpassing most of reported transition-metal phosphides. Moreover, the Na3V2(PO4)3 || ME-FCCNP@CFC full cell showcases a high-energy density of 256.8 Wh kg−1 and a long cycling life (267.8 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 83.2 % after 1000 cycles). These results provide significantly promising implications for the anode design of SIBs by employing self-supporting and medium-entropy structures.

Carbon matrix NiFeP/C nanoparticles anchored on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets as heterostructure high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries

Engineered micro-nano heterogeneous architectures for transition metal phosphide (TMPs) anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) provide multifunctional active components. These components synergistically interact to address pivotal challenges of pronounced volume expansion and sluggish reaction kinetics within the electrode. Consequently, this engineering design approach significantly enhances the overall battery performance. In this study, a self-assembled approach is employed to integrate hybridized NiFe-PBA nanocubes with two-dimensional (2D) monolayer MXene (Ti3C2Tx), producing a heterostructured NiFeP/C@Ti3C2Tx composite. In this meticulously engineered architecture, the interface between the outer MXene layer and NiFeP embedded within the carbon matrix exhibits several distinct superiorities, such as rapid interfacial ion migration, multidirectional migration pathways, and strong spatial adaptability. The resulting non-uniform phase structure effectively mitigates electrode expansion and enhances electronic conductivity. Consequently, the NiFeP/C@Ti3C2Tx-15 composite demonstrates distinct performance advantages over NiFeP/C without MXene. The composite achieves a specific capacity of 689.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹ over 300 cycles, double that of NiFeP/C. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate the electronic conductivity facilitated by the heterointerface between MXene and NiFeP, substantiating the strategic significance of the heterostructure in advancing high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

The regeneration of natural stibnite with introduced oxide-based catalyst towards enhanced Li-storage properties

Owing to its excellent theoretical specific capacity, Sb2S3 captures widespread attention in the energy-storage field. However, it still suffers from volume expansion and sluggish electrochemical kinetics. Meanwhile, considering serious pollution and complex chemical preparation processes, stibnite is regarded as “first-hand” materials, displaying enormous energy-storage application potential; however, it is still limited by low-purity and high crystallinity. Herein, stibnite is purified and regenerated through physical chemical and vacuum gas-phase melting strategy to form high-properties stibnite-based electrode materials. Assisted by the introduction of lithium nitrate as an active medium, abundant sites and effective structural traits are formed, effectively promoting the reversibility of electrochemical kinetic processes. Utilized as lithium-ion battery anodes, the as optimized samples have a capacity of approximately 656.8 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 89.9 % at 0.5 A g−1. Even at 5.0 A g−1, the capacity of 483.3 mAh g−1 could be remained after 100 cycles. Supported by a detailed kinetic analysis, the enhancement of the surface-controlling behavior and the reduction of capacitive resistance are confirmed. Herein, the as-regenerated phase and the introduced oxide-based catalyst are beneficial to alleviate polysulfide shuttling and volume expansion, further accelerating ion/electron transfer behaviors. This work is expected to shed light on strategies to design promising mineral-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotubes Buffering Interfacial Stress of the Silicon/Carbon Anodes for Long-Cycle Lithium Storage.

Silicon/graphite composites show a high specific capacity and improved cycling stability. However, the intrinsic difference between silicon and graphite, such as unequal volume expansion and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, causes persistent stress at the silicon/graphite interface and the expansion of the electrical isolation region. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully introduced into silicon/carbon composites via ball milling and spray drying, which effectively relieved the stress concentration at the direct contact interface and formed a three-dimensional conductive structure. In addition, CNTs and amorphous carbon acting as "lubricants" further improved the inherent differences between silicon and graphite. As a result, the Si/CNTs/G@C-1 anode increased the cycling performance and rate capability, with a reversible capacity of up to 465 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g-1 and superior rate performance of 523 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1. It is believed that this strategy may provide a feasible preparation of large-scale high-content silicon-based nanocomposite anodes in lithium-ion batteries.

Bendamustine is a safe and effective lymphodepletion agent for axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with refractory or relapsed large B-cell lymphoma

BackgroundFludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide (FC) is the standard lymphodepletion regimen for CAR T-cell therapy (CAR T). A national fludarabine shortage in 2022 necessitated the exploration of alternative regimens with...

Enabling long cycle aluminum-sulfur batteries via structurally stable Co, N-doped graphene-CNTs covalently bonded hybrid

Al-S batteries offer advantages such as high energy density, low cost, and good safety. However, they face challenges including poor sulfur conductivity, volume expansion, and slow kinetics of polysulfides, leading to rapid capacity decay and short cycle life. Therefore, the design of materials with high conductivity, capable of anchoring polysulfides, and structurally robust is crucial for enhancing the overall performance of Al-S batteries. To address these issues, we propose the construction of a structurally stable graphene-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covalently bonded hybrid and a three-dimensional (3D) conductive framework catalyzed by Co active sites. The porous Co, N-doped graphene-carbon nanotubes (CoN-GC) hybrid with excellent mechanical properties provides sufficient space for high sulfur loading, alleviating sulfur volume expansion. Co plays a key role in rapidly transporting electrons, adsorbing, and catalyzing aluminum polysulfides. The Al-S battery using S@CoN-GC cycles over 1500 cycles at a current density of 300 mA·g−1, maintaining a specific capacity of 315 mAh·g−1, and retains 278 mAh·g−1 after 2000 cycles. Additionally, utilizing the outstanding mechanical properties of CoN-GC, a flexible Al-S microbattery was successfully fabricated, maintaining a capacity retention of 90 % after folding 1000 times. These research findings are expected to accelerate the study of multivalent metal-sulfur batteries and their practical applications in various scenarios.

Red2Flpe-SCON: a versatile, multicolor strategy for generating mosaic conditional knockout mice

Image-based lineage tracing enables tissue turnover kinetics and lineage potentials of different adult cell populations to be investigated. Previously, we reported a genetic mouse model system, Red2Onco, which ectopically expressed mutated oncogenes together with red fluorescent proteins (RFP). This system enabled the expansion kinetics and neighboring effects of oncogenic clones to be dissected. We now report Red2Flpe-SCON: a mosaic knockout system that uses multicolor reporters to label both mutant and wild-type cells. We develop the Red2Flpe mouse line for red clone-specific Flpe expression, as well as the FRT-based SCON (Short Conditional IntrON) method to facilitate tunable conditional mosaic knockouts in mice. We use the Red2Flpe-SCON method to study Sox2 mutant clonal analysis in the esophageal epithelium of adult mice which reveal that the stem cell gene, Sox2, is less essential for adult stem cell maintenance itself, but rather for stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Collapse and expansion kinetics of a single polyelectrolyte chain with hydrodynamic interactions.

We investigate the collapse and expansion dynamics of a linear polyelectrolyte (PE) with hydrodynamic interactions. Using dissipative particle dynamics with a bead-spring PE model, long-range electrostatics, and explicit ions, we examine how the timescales of collapse tcol and expansion texp depend on the chain length N and obtain scaling relationships tcol ∼ Nα and texp ∼ Nβ. For neutral polymers, we derive values of α = 0.94 ± 0.01 and β = 1.97 ± 0.10. Interestingly, the introduction of electrostatic interaction markedly shifts α to α ≈ 1.4 ± 0.1 for salt concentrations within c = 10-4 to 10-2M. A reduction in the ion-to-monomer size ratio noticeably reduces α. On the other hand, the expansion scaling remains approximately constant, β ≈ 2, regardless of the salt concentration or ion size considered. We find β > α for all conditions considered, implying that expansion is always slower than collapse in the limit of long polymers. This asymmetry is explained by distinct kinetic pathways of collapse and expansion processes.

Transcriptional signature of durable effector T cells elicited by a replication defective HCMV vaccine.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading infectious cause of birth defects and the most common opportunistic infection that causes life-threatening diseases post-transplantation; however, an effective vaccine remains elusive. V160 is a live-attenuated replication defective HCMV vaccine that showed a 42.4% efficacy against primary HCMV infection among seronegative women in a phase 2b clinical trial. Here, we integrated the multicolor flow cytometry, longitudinal T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, and single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing approaches to characterize the magnitude, phenotype, and functional quality of human T cell responses to V160. We demonstrated that V160 de novo induces IE-1 and pp65 specific durable polyfunctional effector CD8 T cells that are comparable to those induced by natural HCMV infection. We identified a variety of V160-responsive T cell clones which exhibit distinctive "transient" and "durable" expansion kinetics, and revealed a transcriptional signature that marks durable CD8 T cells post-vaccination. Our study enhances the understanding of human T-cell immune responses to V160 vaccination.

Flower-like CoSe2/N, P-doped carbon microspheres accommodated on carbon nanosheets for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), whereas the large volume expansion and sluggish reaction kinetics have seriously hindered the cycle life and rate performance. Herein, a hierarchical composite of flower-like CoSe2/N, P-doped carbon microspheres accommodated on carbon nanosheets (CoSe2-NPC@CNS) was rationally fabricated as the anode for PIBs through a one-pot hydrothermal and subsequent selenization method. The intimate hybridization of CoSe2/N, P-doped carbon microspheres can effectively alleviate the volume expansion of CoSe2 during charge-discharge cycles, and the ultrathin carbon nanosheets derived from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry serves as a highly conductive and buffered substrate. By robustly merging them together, the interconnected hierarchical nanoarchitecture with exposed active sites achieves promoted potassium storage capacity, electrochemical reaction kinetics, and structural stability. As a result, the PIBs with CoSe2-NPC@CNS anode deliver high reversible capacities of 320.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and 213.9 mAh g−1 after 850 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, excellent rate capability (188.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and enhanced pseudo-capacitive contribution rate of 88.7 %. This work offers valuable insight into the rational design and development of hierarchical anode materials with high performance for PIBs and beyond.

Expansion kinetics of shock waves generated by laser ablation in copper across a transverse magnetic field

Spatio-temporal evolution of laser-induced shock wave (LISW), initiated by 6 ns laser ablation of Cu target in a transverse magnetic field (B) of diverse strength was investigated by optical beam deflection method. It was found that the average LISW velocity in the near field achieve a value 2.8 km/s which dropped to 2.1 km/s in the absence of B. The shock wave pressure near the target surface at the highest incident fluence reaches ∼ 50 MPa for applied B = 300 mT and nearly become halved without B. The decay of the near field shock front pressure estimated from the Sadowski shock-wave approximation pointed to a strong attenuation mechanism in the initial phase of the shock wave propagation. Interestingly, the shock wave front pressure swiftly increases with gradual increase of incident fluence that finally starts to saturate at high fluence regardless of applied B. The development of shock wave was further mapped with laser ablation of Cu target under transverse B. The ablation depth is found to enhance gradually with increase of B (0–300 mT) which could be attributed to the increase in plasma temperature under B.

Expansion Kinetics of Flexible Polymers upon Release from a Disk-Shaped Confinement.

A general theory is developed to explain the expansion kinetics of a polymer released from a confining cavity in a d-dimensional space. At beginning, the decompressed chain undergoes an explosive expansion while keeping the structure resembling a sphere. As the process continues, the chain transitions to a coil conformation, and the expansion significantly slows down. The kinetics are derived by applying Onsager's variational principle. Computer simulations are then conducted in a quasi-two-dimensional space to verify the theory. The average expansion of the chain size exhibits a distinctive sigmoidal variation on a logarithmic scale, characterized by two times and associated exponents that represent the fast and the slow dynamics, respectively. Through an analysis of the kinetic state diagrams, two important universal behaviors are discovered in the two expansion stages. The intersection of the expansion speed curves allows us to define the crossover point between the stages and study its properties. The scaling relations of the characteristic times and exponents are thoroughly investigated under different confining conditions, with the results strongly supporting the theory. Additional calculations conducted in a three-dimensional (3D) space demonstrate the robustness of the proposed theory in describing the kinetics of polymer expansion in both 2D and 3D spaces.

Rational Design of Multinary Metal Chalcogenide Bi0.4 Sb1.6 Te3 Nanocrystals for Efficient Potassium Storage.

Multinary metal chalcogenides hold considerable promise for high-energy potassium storage due to their numerous redox reactions. However, challenges arise from issues such as volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here, a design featuring a layered ternary Bi0.4 Sb1.6 Te3 anchored on graphene layers as a composite anode, where Bi atoms act as a lattice softening agent on Sb, is presented. Benefiting from the lattice arrangement in Bi0.4 Sb1.6 Te3 and structure, Bi0.4 Sb1.6 Te3 /graphene exhibits a mitigated expansion of 28% during the potassiation/depotassiation process and demonstrates facile K+ ion transfer kinetics, enabling long-term durability of 500 cycles at various high rates. Operando synchrotron diffraction patterns and spectroscopies including in situ Raman, ex situ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron reveal multiple conversion and alloying/dealloying reactions for potassium storage at the atomic level. In addition, both theoretical calculations and electrochemical examinations elucidate the K+ migration pathways and indicate a reduction in energy barriers within Bi0.4 Sb1.6 Te3 /graphene, thereby suggesting enhanced diffusion kinetics for K+ . These findings provide insight in the design of durable high-energy multinary tellurides for potassium storage.

Expansion and creep of concrete with expansive agents at variable temperature

Extensive research has shown that expansive agents can reduce engineering cracks of concrete, while temperature and creep significantly affect the ability of the expansive agent to compensate shrinkage of concrete. In order to study the expansion and creep of concrete mixed with expansive agents under variable temperature, Series of parameters of concrete mixed with MgO expansive agent (MEA) and CaO-calcium sulfoaluminate expansive agent (CEA) were tested by temperature stress testing machine (TSTM), and the elastic modulus, expansion and creep were calculated according to the maturity theory. The results showed that CEA had a larger free expansion but smaller constrained expansion compared to MEA, and the expansion energy of CEA almost completely released within 36 h of the temperature-rise stage. MEA had a smaller compressive stress creep in the temperature-rise stage and larger tensile stress creep in the cooling stage, which was beneficial to resistance to cracking. The proposed expansion kinetics model showed a remarkable level of consistency with the test results and held significant importance in guiding the application of MEA in practical engineering.

A Defective Disc-Like Cu1.96S Anode Material with the Efficient Cu Vacancies for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage.

Due to their significant capacity and reliable reversibility, transition metal sulphides (TMSs) have received attention as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nonetheless, a prevalent challenge with TMSs lies in their significant volume expansion and sluggish kinetics, impeding their capacity for rapid and enduring Na+ storage. Herein, a Cu1.96S@NC nanodisc material enriched with copper vacancies is synthesised via a hydrothermal and annealing procedure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the incorporation of copper vacancies significantly boosts electrical conductivity by reducing the energy barrier for ion diffusion, thereby promoting efficient electron/ion transport. Moreover, the presence of copper vacancies creates ample active sites for the integration of sodium ions, streamlines charge transfer, boosts electronic conductivity, and, ultimately, significantly enhances the overall performance of SIBs. This novel anode material, Cu1.96S@NC, demonstrates a reversible capacity of 339mAhg-1 after 2000 cycles at a rate of 5Ag-1. In addition, it maintains a noteworthy reversible capacity of 314mAhg-1 with an exceptional capacity retention of 96% even after 2000 cycles at 20Ag-1. The results demonstrate that creating cationic vacancies is a highly effective strategy for engineering anode materials with high capacity and rapid reactivity.

Optimization of a flow cytometry test for routine monitoring of B cell maturation antigen targeted CAR in peripheral blood.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapies targeting BCMA have displayed impressive activity in the treatment of multiple myeloma. There are currently two FDA licensed products, ciltacabtagene autoleucel and idecabtagene vicleucel, for treating relapsed and refractory disease. Although correlative analyses performed by product manufacturers have been reported in clinical trials, there are limited options for reliable BCMA CAR T detection assays for physicians and researchers looking to explore it as a biomarker for clinical outcome. Given the known association of CAR T cell expansion kinetics with toxicity and response, being able to quantify BCMA CAR T cells routinely and accurately in the blood of patients can serve as a valuable asset. Here, we optimized an accurate and sensitive flow cytometry test using a PE-conjugated soluble BCMA protein, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.19% of CD3+ T cells, suitable for use as a routine assay for monitoring the frequency of BCMA CAR T cells in the blood of patients receiving either ciltacabtagene autoleucel or idecabtagene vicleucel.

GeV4S8: a Novel Bimetallic Sulfide for Robust and Fast Potassium Storage.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted much attention due to their low production cost and abundant resources. Germanium is a promising alloying-type anode with a high theoretical capacity for PIBs, yet suffering significant volume expansion and sluggish potassium-ion transport kinetics. Herein, a rational strategy is formulated to disperse Ge atoms into transition metal V-S sulfide frameworks to form a loosely packed and metallic GeV4S8 medium. The theoretical prediction shows that GeV4S8 is conducive to the adsorption and diffusion of K+. The V-S frameworks provide fast ion/electron diffusion channels and also help to buffer the volume expansion during K+ insertion. In situ and ex situ characterizations manifest that KGe alloy clusters are constrained and dispersed by potassiated VS2 topological structure during discharging, and revert to the original GeV4S8 after charging. Consequently, as a novel anode for PIBs, GeV4S8 provides a high specific capacity of ≈400mAhg-1 at 0.5C, maintaining 160mAhg-1 even at 12.5C and ≈80% capacity after 1000 cycles at 5C, superior to most of the state-of-the-art anode materials. The proposed strategy of combining alloy and intercalation dual-functional units is expected to open up a new way for high-capacity and high-rate anode for PIBs.

Controllable hierarchical porous FeSe2 with excellent long cycle lifespan as anode materials for sodium-ion battery

Transition metal selenides are regarded as most promising anode materials for sodium ion battery (SIB) due to their high theoretical specific capacity and environment benignly. Yet the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics during cycling leading to capacity fading and material pulverizing restrict its application in SIB. Herein, iron selenides (N–FeSe2) with controlled porous structure is synthesized via facile salt template-assisted method. When N–FeSe2 with hierarchical pore structure serves as anode materials for SIB, a highly reversible capacity of 520.4 mA h g−1 is maintained at 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. Even at 10 A g−1, the capacity still remains 333 mA h g−1 after 1800 cycles, which shows extraordinary cycle stability. In addition, N–FeSe2 provides excellent diffusion coefficient and high initial Coulomb efficiency (78.9 %), which is attributed to its special hierarchical porous structure and intrinsic pseudocapacitance characteristics. DFT calculations indicate that an increase in vacancy concentration enhances the conductivity of the material, thereby improving its dynamic performance. In this work, a simple and universal synthesis method is developed, and the pore structure and morphology of the final product can be controlled by simple parameter regulation.

Impact of Obesity on Efficacy, Safety, and Expansion Kinetics of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR T) Therapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Large B Cell Lymphoma (LBCL)

Introduction: Obesity causes low-grade inflammation and immune escape, where T-cells lose their ability to infiltrate tumors. However, such T-cell exhaustion, characterized by increased expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, has led to better responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in patients with higher body mass index (BMI) (Wang Nature Medicine 2019). Previous studies have shown no significant association of obesity with safety or efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy in hematologic malignancies (Faruqi Blood Advances 2022). However, data on the impact of BMI on outcomes in LBCL and CAR T expansion kinetics is limited. We conducted a single-site study to investigate the effect of obesity on efficacy and safety outcomes, healthcare utilization, and CAR T expansion in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL treated with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel(axi-cel). Methods: 189 patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL who were consecutively treated with axi-cel from 12/2017 to 5/2022 were included in the study. BMI was calculated on the day of apheresis. Patients were then divided into three BMI categories based on CDC guidelines: underweight/normal (≤24.99kg/m 2), overweight (>25kg/m 2 and ≤29.99kg/m 2), and obese (>30kg/m 2). Response was assessed using the Lugano 2014 criteria, and toxicities via the CTCAE version 5.0 and ASTCT grading. CAR T expansion was measured by real-time flow cytometry with anti-idiotype-FMC63 conjugated to Dylight 650. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated for CAR T expansion in the 28 days following infusion using the linear trapezoidal method on raw values, and results were transformed using a base-10 logarithm. Continuous outcomes were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test, categorical outcomes using Chi-square tests, and time-to-event outcomes using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the log-rank test. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. All analyses were conducted in R 4.3.0. Results: Out of 189 patients, 46% (n=87) were in the underweight/normal group, 29% (n=56) in the overweight, and 24% (n=46) were obese. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics between groups were similar except for gender ( p=0.009). Complete response (CR) and overall response (ORR) including partial response (PR) and CR were compared among these cohorts. Neither complete response nor overall response was found to be significantly different amongst the BMI categories for their best response within 12 months of CAR T infusion ( p=0.9886 and 0.802, respectively). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.6 months (IQR 4.93, 44.81) for the underweight/normal weight cohort, 14.89 months (IQR 5.82, 40.07) for the overweight cohort, and 28.37 months (IQR 3.88, NA) for obese; but was not statistically significant ( p=0.8004) [Figure 1]. Median overall survival (OS) was 44.81 months (IQR 18.18, NA) for the underweight/normal weight cohort and 40.07 months (IQR 23.18, NA) for the overweight category. This was not achieved for the obese category, and no statistical difference was found ( p=0.3478). When cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or immune cell-associated neurologic toxicity syndrome (ICANS) events were compared among these groups, there was no significant difference in either overall incidence or when graded as severe (›3), based on BMI category. Similarly, no significant differences were found in healthcare utilization variables, including length of hospital stay, ICU admissions, tocilizumab, anakinra or steroid use. Differences in day 7 and day 14 CAR T expansion were not statistically significant ( p=0.754 and 0.355, respectively). For AUC calculations, there was no statistically significant difference amongst the BMI categories (CD4: p=0.8284, CD8: p=0.8695, CD4 + CD8: p=0.8820) [Figure 2]. Conclusion: Contrary to the effect of obesity on response to therapies like checkpoint inhibitors we demonstrate that BMI does not significantly impact patients treated with CAR T. Weight has been central to chemotherapy dosing for lymphoma, but despite weight-based dosing for axi-cel, correlative studies on CAR T expansion kinetics did not indicate any significant difference. These findings suggest that obesity may not substantially influence the outcomes or dosing considerations of CAR T therapy, supporting the use of CAR T therapy as an effective treatment option for lymphoma patients, regardless of their BMI.