Kinetic Chain Exercises Research Articles

The Effects of Open/Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Water on the Electrical Activity of Selected Lumbar Muscles, Lumbopelvic Control, Ground Reaction Force and Psychological Factors in Men with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and aimResearch has documented chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) as one of the primary causes of absenteeism at work, often accompanied by the use of health insurance and healthcare services. Considering little research on the consequences of open/closed kinetic chain (O/CKC) exercises in water on CNSLBP improvement, the present study is to investigate the effects of such interventions on the electrical activity of selected lumbar muscles, pain, lumbopelvic control (LPC), ground reaction force (GRF), and psychological factors in men with CNSLBP. Materials and MethodsThis is a randomized controlled trial that involves individuals with CNSLBP between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Participants are randomly assigned, using block randomization, to one of the following groups: open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises, closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises, or controls. The training groups engage in the exercises for eight weeks, with three sessions per week and 60 minutes each at the University of Bu-Ali Sina pool, following the prescribed workout routine. The primary outcomes of the electrical activity of the multifidus (MF), transversus abdominis (TrA), gluteus medius (GM), and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles are measured by an electromyography (EMG) device. Additionally, the pressure biofeedback (BFB) device and the visual analog scale (VAS) are utilized to assess LPC and pain intensity, respectively. The secondary outcomes of the GRF, along with foot pressure and kinesiophobia, are subsequently measured by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). ConclusionBy comparing the outcomes between the OKC exercise group, CKC exercise group, and control group, this study aims to determine the differential effects of these two water-based exercise interventions on the various physical and psychological parameters in individuals with CNSLBP. The findings provide valuable insights into the most effective approach to water-based rehabilitation for individuals with CNSLBP. By comparing the outcomes of OKC and CKC exercises, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions when designing tailored rehabilitation programs for this patient population. The results also contribute to the development of evidence-based guidelines for the management of CNSLBP using water-based exercises.

Edukasi dan Penerapan Latihan Metode Closed Kinetic Chain pada Kondisi Osteoarthritis Genu di Wilayah Puskesmas Mojolaban Sukoharjo

Mojolaban is a sub-district located in Sukoharjo Regency. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common complaints experienced by elderly people in Mojolaban. Knee osteoarthritis is inflammation of the knee due to damage to the knee joint which can be caused by age or trauma. This condition causes pain, stiffness in the joints and limitations in movement in the knee. The aim of the physiotherapy program in cases of osteoarthritis is education and demonstration of exercise therapy in the form of closed kinetic chain exercises to reduce pain and prevent complaints from getting worse. The method used is the counseling method (lecture and question and answer), providing leaflets, education, and demonstrations about closed kinetic chain exercises related to osteoarthritis knee targeting participants at Bekonang RW 09 Elderly Posyandu. To evaluate the increase in understanding, the author used a questionnaire before and after the test. The results showed a significant increase in understanding of osteoarthritis material and exercise therapy, with the average score increasing from 2.25 on the pre-test to 4.35 on the post-test. It is hoped that the results of this Community Service activity will become a reference for physiotherapists and other health professionals to encourage the implementation of similar activities, so that they can improve public health, especially in cases of osteoarthritis genu in the elderly.

Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises Therapy Versus Wii-Based Exergame Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial

Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises Therapy Versus Wii-Based Exergame Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Conjunction with Kinetic Chain Based Exercises on Pain, Kinesiophobia, and Functional Outcome in Chronic Subacromial Pain Syndrome Participants -A Case Series

Background and Objectives: Chronic Subacromial Pain Syndrome (CSAPS) is a common condition characterized by persistent shoulder pain and functional limitations. Despite existing non-operative treatments, patients often experience chronic pain, fear of movement (kinesiophobia) and impact shoulder function. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in conjunction with kinetic chain-based exercises on pain, kinesiophobia, and shoulder functional outcomes in individuals with CSAPS. Methodology: This case series included ten participants with unilateral shoulder pain lasting at least three months. Participants received extracorporeal shock wave therapy biweekly for six weeks alongside a structured kinetic chain exercise program. Outcome measures included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale for pain, the Tampa Scale for fear of movement, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index for functional assessment. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine statistical significance. Results and Discussion: Statistically significant improvements (p<0.05) were observed after the intervention. The average NPRS score reduced from 7.5±0.84 to 1.90±0.99, showing a significant reduction in pain. The SPADI scores exhibited a significant improvement, decreasing from 66.79±9.48 to 51.90±8.90, indicating a reduction in both shoulder pain and disability. The TSK scores decreased from 48.10±3.03 to 37.60±4.47, indicating a decrease in kinesiophobia. Conclusion: The combination of ESWT and kinetic chain exercises resulted in significant enhancements in pain reduction, reduction in fear of movement, and improvement in shoulder function. This demonstrates the potential effectiveness of this integrated strategy in controlling CSAPS.

The Effects of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Visual Reaction Times and Certain Motor Skills in Young Male Boxers

This study aimed to determine the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises on visual reaction times and certain motor skills in young male boxers. Twelve young male athletes (mean age: 16.92±1.08 years) voluntarily participated in this study, which employed a pretest-posttest experimental research model, a quantitative research method, without a control group. The Ethics Committee Approval required for the research was received from Muş Alparslan University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee with decision number 9/73 dated 08.11.2023. Prior to and following training in OKC and CKC exercises, the athletes were tested on visual reaction times, vertical jumping, and flexibility. The paired samples t-test was applied to normally distributed data. According to our findings, there were no significant differences in the visual reaction time and flexibility tests with respect to the pre- and post-test results for the OKC exercises (p ˃ .05), although a significant difference was detected for the vertical jump test (p ˂ .05), with the post-test values determined to be lower than the pre-test values. While there were no significant differences in the CKC exercise pre-and post-test results for the vertical jump and flexibility tests (p ˃.05), a significant difference was observed in the visual reaction test (p ˂ .05), for which the post-test values were lower than the pre-test values. Based on these results, OKC exercises were determined to have a negative impact on jumping ability, whereas CKC exercises exhibited positive effects on visual reaction times. The use of CKC exercises can thus be recommended for studies aimed at improving visual reaction performance in young male boxers.

A Comparison Between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises Along with Conservative Treatment in Grade-I ACL Injury in Sprinters: A Randomized Controlled Trail

Background:Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is most common in sports players such as soccer, basketball, sprinters, which causes alleviated strength in quadriceps muscles, and Range of Motion (ROM) of Knee Joint, and along with this, decrease in efficiency of knee that impacts person’s Activity of daily living (ADL). So, after ACL injury, Rehabilitation protocol plays a great role in maintaining knee ROM, increases the strength of quadriceps muscles. This study aims to compare the effect of open kinetic chain exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises and compare to asses which type of protocol is much efficient for ACL-Injury rehab protocol. Methodology: A comparative study was done over 50 male sprinters of 18-25 years old to assess the effect of Open Kinetic chain exercises (OKC) and closed kinetic chain exercises (CKC). Study was divided into 2 groups: OKC group and CKC group. In OKC Group, subject has to do flexor-extensor bench, isotonic quadriceps exercise and long leg press-off exercises with the conventional physiotherapy whereas in CKC group, subjects has to do wall sits exercises, standing weight shift, one-legged dips exercise, and squatting lunges along with the conventional physiotherapy. Each exercise was performed with 3 sets of 20 repetition, 3 days/week for 45 days. The data was collected from various academies of Satara, Maharashtra after obtaining the ethical permission. Subjects were explained about the procedure and protocol of research. ROM, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scale were used as Outcome measures. Readings were noted on Day 0 and Day 45. The data was analyzed by using JASP Software. Results: 25 subjects were there in both groups, with the mean age of 23.4 years in CKC group whereas the mean age is 23.44 in OKC group. The mean value of NPRS in OKC group is 4.280±0.843 and that of CKC groups is 4.160±0.624. And the mean value of Knee ROM in CKC group is 118±5 while that of in OKC group is 107.2±4.52. Conclusion: In summary, this study highlights the importance of a tailored rehabilitation program combining OKC and CKC exercises for Grade-I ACL injuries in sprinters. Both exercise types play a crucial role in restoring knee function and strength. As per our study, CKC exercises are better than OKC exercises. So, CKC exercises should be incorporated into rehabilitation program of grade-I ACL injuries.

APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL EXERCISES AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOR STATIC, DYNAMIC BALANCE AND POSTURAL CONTROL IMPROVEMENT

Purpose: to assess the recovery of static, dynamic balance and postural control while overcoming muscle imbalance after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by applying analytical exercises. Material and methods: Material: 15 men (mean age 25.16) were observed in the span of 14 weeks (three and a half months) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. They underwent physiotherapy, including analytical kinetic chain exercises in hospital, ambulatory and at home conditions. Research, measurement, and evaluation methods include range of motion in the knee joint, manual muscle testing (MMT), static and dynamic balance tests, and postural control tests. Statistical methods include statistical data grouping, Cronbach’s test, descriptive method, testing of statistical hypotheses, and correlation analysis. The data was processed with SPSS v.24.0 for Windows. Results: The results show a change in the static postural control with a 1/4-point deviation from the standard. This requires the inclusion of additional sensorimotor exercises in combination with other specific and general strengthening exercises. Conclusion: From the performed observation and the obtained results, compared to those of 20 healthy men, the following conclusion has been drawn: the analytical exercises for lower extremities lead to the overcoming of dysfunction and increased stability in the extremities. The physiotherapy programme should include sensory stimulation exercises tailored for strengthening the weakened muscles and should contribute to the overcoming of muscle imbalance.

Effects of closed kinetic chain exercises on balance and gait in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionBalance and gait impairments are among the most common consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS). A closed kinetic chain enhances balance and gait abilities in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of an integrated Telko and conventional physical therapy (CPT) intervention versus CPT alone on gait and balance in PwMS. MethodsTwenty-six PwMS were enrolled in the trial, and they were randomized to either the combined Telko and CPT experimental group (n = 13) or the CPT alone control group (n = 13). All participants underwent 15-min sessions of CPT three times a week for four weeks. Additionally, participants in the experimental group received a 15-min Telko training session after each CPT session. Outcome measures consisted of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) assessment. ResultsTwenty-four PwMS completed the study. The PwMS in the combined Telko and CPT experimental group exhibited significant improvements in balance, functional capacity, gait speed, and mobility following the intervention (P < 0.05). In the CPT group, PwMS also experienced significant improvements in functional capacity (P < 0.05). The between-group analysis revealed no significant differences among the outcome measures (P > 0.05). ConclusionsThe combined Telko and CPT intervention did not demonstrate superiority over CPT alone in improving balance and gait in PwMS. Further experimental studies are necessary to fully understand the effects of a closed kinetic chain for lower extremities on the balance and gait of individuals with PwMS.

Effect of open vs. closed kinetic chain exercises in ACL rehabilitation on knee joint pain, laxity, extensor muscles strength, and function: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PROSPERO [CRD42023475230].

Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Revolutionizes Knee Osteoarthritis Management

Knee osteoarthritis, prevalent among the elderly, poses challenges due to cartilage erosion and bone changes. This study examines the effectiveness of adding closed kinetic chain exercise to conventional modalities for improving knee functional activity. Using a quasi-experimental design, knee functional improvement was compared between groups receiving closed kinetic chain exercise and conventional modalities. Results show significant improvement in knee function with closed kinetic chain exercise, suggesting its potential as a safe and beneficial intervention for knee osteoarthritis management. Highlight: Elderly Challenge: Knee osteoarthritis impacts functional ability, requiring effective interventions. Exercise Efficacy: Closed kinetic chain exercise enhances knee function significantly. Comparative Study: Quasi-experimental design reveals exercise effectiveness versus conventional modalities. Keyword: Knee osteoarthritis, closed kinetic chain exercise, functional activity, elderly, intervention

Electromyographic analysis of selected shoulder muscles during shoulder rehabilitation exercises in patients after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundReversed shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) aims to restore function in patients with rotator cuff failure and joint arthropathy. After surgery, patients are routinely referred to a rehabilitation specialist to regain range of motion, strength, and function. A key element in these programs is active exercises. The exercises are often selected based on assumed muscle activity, investigated by electromyography (EMG). In particular, in this patient population, activation of the deltoid and the scapular muscles is the focus of exercise therapy. Currently, most studies investigating muscle activity levels during exercises are performed on healthy individuals. To our knowledge, no study exists analyzing EMG activity during exercises in a population of shoulder arthroplasty patients. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze activity in the shoulder girdle muscles during 6 commonly used rehabilitation exercises 12 weeks after RSA surgery. MethodsForty-four patients (50 shoulders) participated in this cross-sectional study, 12 weeks postoperatively (mean 99.18±12.8 days), aged 68.9±7.75 years. Surface EMG activity was measured in 10 shoulder girdle muscles: the 3 trapezius parts, serratus anterior, the 3 deltoid parts, latissimus dorsi, and 2 pectoralis major parts during 6 exercises, 3 in a closed chain, and 3 open chain elevation exercises. ResultsGravity- minimized exercises (horizontal plane) show low activity for almost all muscles. Vertical closed kinetic chain exercises show an increased activity compared to horizontal plane exercises. Open kinetic chain exercises against gravity showed the greatest activity in Deltoid and Upper trapezius. For the other muscles no consistency in progression was found. ConclusionThis study offers a progression of exercises for patients after reversed shoulder arthroplasty based on increased muscle activity.

The Effect of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Lower Extremity Function in Male Football Players After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery

Background and Aims : Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is the most common knee injuries in sports. This study aims to assess the effect of closed kinetic chain exercises on lower extremity function in football players with ACL reconstruction surgery. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 22 male football players with a history of ACL injuruy referred to a hopspital from Ahvaz, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups of 11, including exercise and control. The performance of the two groups was measured using shuttle run test, figure-of-eight hop test, hop test from side to side, and agility hop test in the pre-test and post-test phases. The exercise group performed closed kinetic chain exercises (side lunge, plie squat, hip bridge, walking backwards, front lunge, squat, and plank) for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 35 minutes. No exercise was performed in the control group. For data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results In the pre-test phase, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the functional tests of shuttle run test, figure-of-eight hop test, side to side hop test, and agility hop test (P&gt;0.05). In the post-test phase, the ANOVA results showed that the exercise group performed better in shuttle run test, figure-of-eight hop test, side to side hop test, and agility hop test (P≤0.05). The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the exercise group in the mentioned tests, both immediately after and one month after the exercises, their performance in the mentioned tests improved (P≤0.05). Conclusion The closed kinetic chain exercise can be used to increase the lower extremity performance of male football players with ACL injury.

The Comparison Close Kinetic Chain Exercise And Open Kinetic Chain Exercise After Infra Red To Increasing Functional Ability In Primary Osteoarthritis Genu At Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative health disorder characterized by stiffness and inflammation of the joints, characterized by damage to the cartilage, which can cause pain in the joints of the hands, neck, back, lower body, back and often the knee joints. Pain in genuine osteoarthritis can last a long time causing limitations in the ability to function functional activities. One non-pharmacological method is kinetic chain exercise. This study aims to determine the comparison of close kinetic chain exercise and open kinetic chain exercise after giving infrared to increase functional ability in conditions of primary genu osteoarthritis. This research uses a quasi experimental design with a pre and post test two group design approach. The sample for this research was 30 respondents. 15 respondents were treated with close kinetic chain exercise after giving infrared and 15 respondents were treated with open kinetic chain exercise after giving infrared. There is an effect of close kinetic chain exercise after administering infrared on increasing functional ability in primary genu osteoarthritis conditions at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospitalwith a significance of 0.001&lt; α (α=0.05).There is an effect of open kinetic chain exercise after administering infrared on improving functional abilities in primary genu osteoarthritis conditions at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital with a significance of 0.006&lt; α (α=0.05).There is a difference in the effect of close kinetic chain exercise after giving infrared and open kinetic chain exercise after giving infrared on increasing functional ability in primary genu osteoarthritis conditions at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital with a significance value of 0.035&lt; α (α=0.05). Close kinetic chain exercise after giving infra red is more effective than open kinetic chain exercise after giving infra red in improving the ability of primary genu osteoarthritis conditions at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital in 2023.

Current views on preoperative rehabilitation practice after anterior cruciate ligament injury among licensed physical therapists in Saudi Arabia: An online-based cross-sectional survey.

Preoperative rehabilitation is an important stage to both physically and mentally prepare patients for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the current preoperative rehabilitation practice after anterior cruciate ligament injury among licensed physical therapists in Saudi Arabia. This was an online-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 114 physical therapists completed the survey. The survey consisted of 16 mandatory questions about management strategies, prescribed exercises, patients' physical and psychological concerns, and discussions about nonoperative management. The majority of the respondents used the following preoperative interventions: education (89.5%), closed kinetic chain exercises (66.7%), stretches (63.2%), open kinetic chain exercises (61.4%), proprioceptive exercises (59.6%), cold (56.1%), and activity modification advice (52.6%). More than half of the respondents would recommend patients awaiting ACLR to complete the exercises 2 to 4 times weekly (56.1%) for up to 8 weeks (80.7%) before ACLR. The respondents (73.7%) reported that patients awaiting ACLR did not receive preoperative rehabilitation due to 2 primary factors: the orthopedic team did not refer patients to rehabilitation specialists, and there was a lack of awareness about preoperative rehabilitation. Most therapists (86%) would discuss conservative management if a patient returned to their preinjury level of function before surgery. The surveyed physical therapists reported using various interventions and preoperative rehabilitation lengths with patients awaiting ACLR. The majority of the therapists indicated that patients awaiting ACLR did not receive preoperative rehabilitation. Future studies are needed to establish a consensus on the optimal preoperative rehabilitation program.

Nurse-Assisted Rehabilitation Protocols Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Despite significant advancements in surgical instruments and operation skills, short- and long-term outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remain unsatisfactory, as many patients fail to return to their pre-injury level of sports. Inadequate ACL rehabilitation is the primary cause of poor outcomes. Nurses have become a crucial element in the rehabilitation process. Although there is no consensus regarding the optimal post-operative rehabilitation protocols, restoring muscle strength and neuromuscular control are consistently the primary goals. This literature review presents nurse-assisted rehabilitation protocols aiming at improving muscle strength and neuromuscular control. The review discusses postoperative rehabilitation, including home-based and supervised rehabilitation, open and closed kinetic chain exercises, eccentric and concentric training, blood flow restriction training, and plyometric training. Each training protocol has its benefits and drawbacks, and should be used cautiously in specific stages of rehabilitation. Neuromuscular training, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation, neuromuscular control exercises, and vibration therapy, is considered crucial in rehabilitation.

Efficiency of a structured squat-based program in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Squat exercise, in which eccentric and concentric contractions are present simultaneously in different muscle groups, is one of the closed kinetic chain exercises commonly used in knee rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: In the scope of the study, our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a structured squat-based exercise approach in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: In this study, 75 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to three distinct groups: isoinertial exercise, a combination of home exercise and electrotherapy, and exercise solely. The assessment encompassed the application of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Time Up and Go test, evaluation of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and activation levels, along with pain threshold assessment. The treatment program was administered three days a week over a span of eight weeks and was assessed both prior to and following the intervention. RESULTS: Across all groups, considerable enhancements were noted in the majority of parameters. Particularly noteworthy were the substantial improvements observed in the first group, specifically concerning WOMAC total score (p = 0.001), muscle strength, activation levels (p = 0.001), and pain tolerance (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the group in which we applied isoinertial exercise, a positive increase was observed in most of the parameters.We suggest that isoinertial exercise applications, which are generally encountered in sports fields, should be used in different fields in future studies.

Analysis of Kinetic Chain Exercises, Both Closed and Open, in the Context of ACL Reconstructive Recovery

Analysis of Kinetic Chain Exercises, Both Closed and Open, in the Context of ACL Reconstructive Recovery

Developing a Rehabilitation Guideline (REGUIDE) for Patients Undergoing an Arthroscopic Bankart Repair After Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, Focusing on Managing Apprehension: An International Delphi-Based Consensus Study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a consensus-based rehabilitation guideline specifically designed to reduce apprehension following arthroscopic Bankart repair after traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. DESIGN: Delphi-based consensus. METHOD: A comprehensive list of interventions for potential inclusion in a postoperative rehabilitation guideline was developed. American and European physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons were invited to participate in a Delphi panel, engaging in 3 survey rounds. The health professionals were surveyed about their level of agreement on both initially listed and newly suggested interventions. Consensus was established when a "critical-to-include" rating was given in ≥70% of all responses. Ten former patients were consulted to identify the intervention during standard care rehabilitation that had the most impact on reducing postoperative apprehension following ABR. Any interventions not initially listed in the first round were added to the second survey round of the Delphi process. RESULTS: Forty-four health professionals reached consensus on a set of 27 interventions for managing apprehension after arthroscopic Bankart repair. New interventions included gradual exposure to shoulder positions eliciting apprehension, training in anterior stability-provoking positions, and education addressing the impact of psychosocial factors. Former patients identified specific interventions that were effective in reducing postoperative apprehension following ABR. These interventions encompassed medicine ball throws, active-assisted wall slides, and kinetic chain exercises in anterior stability-provoking positions. CONCLUSION: Our Delphi process informed expert recommendations for various interventions aimed at addressing apprehension associated with ABR. The recommendations were the foundation for developing a rehabilitation guideline (REGUIDE). The REGUIDE integrates principles from cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve rehabilitation and mitigate apprehension. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(5):1-13. Epub 20 March 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12106.

PERBEDAAN PENGARUH OPEN KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE DAN CLOSE KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT QUADRICEPS FEMORIS PASCA OPERASI ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMEN DITINJAU DARI USIA

This research is an experimental research. The sample is post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery patients at the Solo Sport Physiotherapy Clinic as many as 16 people including Open and Close exercise categories and based on adolescent and adult age categories. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The variables in this study include: 1) Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Strength (Y); 2) Open Exercise (a1); 3) Close Exercise (a2); and 4) Age (b). Research data were obtained from measurements using an Electromyograph. Hypothesis testing using two-way Anova test and t test. Conclusion, (1) There is a difference in the effect of quadriceps femoris muscle strength after being given open kinetic chain and close kinetic chain exercises in ACL postoperative patients. Which means that close kinetic chain training has a better improvement than open kinetic chain in ACL postoperative patients. (2) There are differences in the effect of quadriceps femoris muscle strength in adolescent and adult athletes. Which means that adult athletes have a better increase in quadriceps femoris muscle strength compared to adolescent athletes. (3) There is no interaction between open kinetic chain and close kinetic chain training methods with adolescent and adult age on increasing quadriceps muscle strength.

Intrinsic graft laxity variation with open kinetic chain exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A non-randomized controlled study

ObjectivesTo determine whether quadriceps and hamstring strengthening in a rehabilitation program involving early open kinetic chain (OKC) and/or closed kinetic chain (CKC) knee joint exercises had an influence on graft laxity at 1, 3, and 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). DesignRetrospective study. MethodsTwo groups (n = 53) of ACLR patients (combination of OKC and CKC exercises group compared to a CKC exercise group) were recruited. OKC protocol was introduced at 2 weeks post-operatively without external resistance and progressed at 4 weeks with load. Comparative ACL graft laxity measurement and isokinetic strength testing were prospectively performed up to 6 months in both groups. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the knee laxity at 1 (p = 0.263), 3 (p = 0.263), and 6 months (p = 0.256) follow up between the groups.Similarly, no significant results were observed in within-group knee laxity between 1 and 6 months after ACLR in the intervention (p = 0.155) and control group (p = 0.690). ConclusionThe early initiation of OKC along with CKC exercises doesn't seem to increase the ACLR graft laxity as compared to a rehabilitation program with only CKC exercises.