Kinematic Concept Research Articles

Developing the Proficiency Level of Sophomore Fisheries Students through Contextualized Comics in Projectile Motion

Projectile motion finds applications in day-to-day activities and many of the students find it hard to grasp and comprehend. In this study, the goal was to craft and utilize a contextualized comics that serves as an intervention tool to address students’ low achievement on some concepts of kinematics, with emphasis on projectile motion. The study used one group pretest-posttest experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention tool. The paired t-test was also employed to compare students’ performance before and after using the contextualized comics. Shapiro-Wilk test was also utilized to determine whether the data follows a normal distribution in comparing the tests used. The participants of this study were 20 sophomore fisheries students. The contextualized comics was utilized by the students after the pre-test. Findings have remarkably revealed that before the utilization of the contextualized comics, participants were identified as not proficient on the concepts of projectile motion. This implies that the students did not master the lesson as prevailed in their MPS of 12.8% which is within the “not proficient” bracket. After the conduct of intervention with the contextualized comics, the students significantly scored higher in their post-test resulting in an MPS of 75.2% which falls under the “proficient” level. Through the validation of Shapiro-Wilk test which follows normal distribution, there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores after the implementation of the contextualized comics where p < 0.001. Thus, it signifies that the contextualized comics was an effective intervention tool to enhance students’ performance on the least learned topic in physics.

A one-dimensional higher-order dynamic modeling method for thin-walled beams with circular cross-sections

This paper addresses the construction of a dynamical model for a thin-walled beam with circular cross-section in the framework of one-dimensional higher-order beam theory. And a method for pattern recognition of circular thin-walled structures is proposed based on principal component analysis. Initially, a set of equal length linear segments are defined to discretize the mid-line of a circular section. Preliminary deformation modes of thin-walled structures, defined over the cross-section through kinematic concept, are parametrically derived through changing the discretization degree of the section. Next, the generalized eigenvectors are derived from the governing equations, and the characteristic deformation modes of circular sections with different discretization degrees are solved based on principal component analysis. In addition, a reduced higher-order model can be obtained by updating the initial governing equations with a selective set of cross-section deformation modes. The features include further reducing the number of degree of freedoms (DOFs) and significantly improving computational efficiency while ensuring accuracy. For illustrative purposes, the versatility of the procedure is validated through both numerical examples and comparisons with other theories.

Analysis of Differences in Graph Interpretation Understanding of Grade X Students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Malang on Kinematics Topic Based on Gender

This study aims to analyze the conception profile of MAN 1 Malang students on the subject matter of kinematics based on gender using multiple choice tests. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. This research was conducted on 94 students (47 male and 47 female students) of MAN 1 Malang. Quantitative data was obtained from the score of correct answers from students when answering questions. The method used was survey method. After the validation test and reliability test, there were 20 questions categorized as valid and could be used for research. The questions that passed the test were then given to students to do in the form of a written test. The results showed that students' understanding of the concept of kinematics was categorized as very low. This is due to the average student concept understanding score of 24.04. Based on the data analysis that has been done, it is concluded that there is no difference in concept understanding between male students and female students.

Potentially meaningful teaching unit with the transversal theme traffic education for the teaching of kinematics in Sciences

This paper presents the results of a Potentially Significant Teaching Unit (PSU), with the cross-cutting theme "Traffic Education", applied to a ninth grade class. This work derives from a qualitative study whose aim was to verify the potential of a PSU to promote meaningful learning of kinematics content. The materials and stages of the UEPS were based on the Meaningful Learning Theory. The assessment carried out during the UEPS was formative in nature, as the students were monitored as they carried out the tasks in the different stages. The data from the various assessment instruments was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Textual Discourse Analysis. The analysis showed that the aim of this work was achieved, as there was progress in understanding kinematics concepts and it helped to improve the students' attitudes to deal more adequately with the complexity of the "Traffic" phenomenon. The study showed that the use of this cross-cutting theme produced relevant relationships for learning, contributing to new ways of teaching and learning science. This proposal therefore constitutes material that can be qualified as having the potential to develop meaningful learning.

Analysis of Teaching Materials Needs for Digital Module Development in Physics Learning: Teachers Perception

This research aims to describe teachers’ needs for developing teaching materials. Concept understanding is important for students so that teaching materials are needed to improve students’ concept understanding. The type of research carried out is descriptive research with a quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data instruments are in the form of interview sheets and teacher needs analysis questionnaires. Questionnaires to find out the learning resources used by teachers, obstacles when learning physics, and learning resources needed by teachers to facilitate students. A total of nine physics teachers in high schools throughout the city of Padang were involved in this research. Based on the result data of analysis, it was found that 83% of teachers used printed teaching materials in learning. As many as 36% of teachers use teaching materials that they make themselves. As many as 86% of teachers have never used digital teaching materials, teachers are not sufficient as learning resources. As many as 83% supported the development of teaching materials on physics to improve students' understanding of concepts. It is hoped that the results of this research will become the basis for developing digital modules based on the POE model to improve understanding of concepts in kinematics.

Study of circular and rotational motion with the help of experimentation and mathematical modeling enhanced by digital technologies

Circular and rotational motion belongs to basic topics studied at upper secondary school and courses on Mechanics at University. Many studies show problems in understanding basic concepts related to kinematics and dynamics of these motions. In this paper we present a series of inquiry activities aimed at developing the understanding of these concepts and the laws of circular and rotating motion with the effective use of digital technologies. The activity on the videomeasurement of a uniform and decelerating bicycle wheel motion analyses the basic kinematic concepts. In the experiments carried out with the help of a centripetal force apparatus with the rotating system of carriages, the dynamics of circular motion can be investigated by observing and analysing the effect of various parameters on the centripetal force acting on the carriage. In addition to that, a mathematical model for decelerated motion of a bicycle wheel and a carriage can be designed. By manipulating and simulating the model for different parameters the best correspondence with experimental data can be found. The activities can be implemented at confirmation or guided inquiry level. Applying experimental as well as modelling approach to answer research questions students learn how science and physicists work.

Multivariate analysis of the kinematics of an upper limb rehabilitation robot.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to present a multivariate analysis of the kinematics of an upper limb rehabilitation robot. Comparing multiple concepts of kinematic chains makes it possible to identify advantages and disadvantages and, as a consequence, choosing the optimal solution to create a physical device. Such actions shall contribute towards automation of the rehabilitation process, bringing benefits to both therapists and patients in comparison with conventional rehabilitation. Methods: Multivariate analysis of kinematics was performed on the basis of three concepts of the kinematic chain of an exoskeleton, enabling the rehabilitation of both right and left upper limb within the area of the shoulder joint, elbow joint and wrist. The kinematic chain allows the performance of simple and complex movements. Results: The results of the conducted multivariate kinematic analysis define specific movements and angular ranges, which may be performed while applying one of the proposed concepts of the robot design. The results made it possible to determine the optimum solution to the kinematic diagram and construction design, which best satisfy the expectations for effective rehabilitation. Conclusions: The analysis of the kinematic diagram concept of the exoskeleton should be done in relation to its design (construction form). Considering the obtained parameters, it is necessary to find an optimum concept and wisely manoeuvre the values, in order to avoid a situation in which one significant parameter influences another, equally important one. It is noteworthy that the introduction of changes into particular segments of the kinematic chain often has a significant impact on other segments.

Design and Analysis of an Input–Output Linearization-Based Trajectory Tracking Controller for Skid-Steering Mobile Robots

This manuscript presents a control law based on the kinematic control concept and the input–output linearization approach. More specifically, the given approach has the structure of a two-loop controller. A rigorous closed-loop system analysis is presented by using known theory on perturbed systems. By assuming that the desired velocity in the body frame is persistently exciting, the uniform bound of the tracking error in earth coordinates is ensured. A simulation study using practical mobile robot parameters shows the viability of the introduced approach. In addition, two known trajectory tracking controllers are simulated in order to compare the performance of the proposed technique. Better tracking accuracy is obtained with the proposed control approach, even if uncertainties in the knowledge of the friction coefficients are presented.

Development of an Instrument to Test Understanding Kinematic Concepts

Development of an Instrument to Test Understanding Kinematic Concepts

An empirical study of an MR-enhanced kinematic prototyping approach for articulated products

In the conceptual design and early embodiment design stages, an effective kinematic prototype can assist in detecting design errors, minimizing unnecessary parameter modifications, and optimizing subsequent resource deployment. Existing methods for creating prototypes, such as 2D sketches, 3D modelling, or analysis software, have their advantages in precise modelling and simulation. However, there is a lack of an efficient approach that can achieve both rapid 3D kinematic idea generation and early on-site interactive verification. To address these challenges, this research proposes a Mixed Reality (MR)-enhanced kinematic prototyping approach for articulated products to enable the rapid generation of 3D kinematic concepts, movement preview, and early interactions with users or the actual workspace. The proposed approach facilitates the quick and rough construction of geometry and kinematic structures through intuitive hand gestures and interactive movement preview within the MR environment. The usability of the proposed approach was evaluated by a comparison experiment with traditional sketch and CAD tools involving eight participants. It is verified that our proposed MR kinematic prototyping system could accelerate the kinematic prototype generation process, improve the user’s kinematic understanding, and facilitate on-site interactive verification in advance.

Profile of students' concept understanding in kinematics

<p class="Abstract">This research aims to profile the understanding of physics concepts in kinematics material. Teachers need information on understanding physics concepts in designing their learning. The profile of understanding the concept of kinematics is revealed by administering a concept understanding test. The total number of tests for understanding the concept of kinematics is 30 items. The concept understanding profile is categorized into five indicators: (1) interpretation, (2) classifying, (3) inference, (4) comparing, and (5) explaining—the test applies to 49 students at SMA and MA in Madiun. Based on the profile description analysis results, it was obtained that students had a good percentage of the concept understanding indicator component (39.54%) and the smallest percentage of the interpretation indicator (17.60%). These results can be used as recommendations for facilitators and researchers in determining the learning model that will be applied and the concept of understanding the research topic that will be carried out.</p>

Design and Implementation of a Robotic Arm for a MoCap System within Extended Educational Mechatronics Framework

Educational mechatronics aims to be the evolution of educational robotics so it can be identified as a part of the educational paradigm of the university, its academic spaces, infrastructure, and practical activities. The fundamental goal of this framework is to develop the knowledge and skills that the new industrial world, inspired by the latest technologies, necessitates. This work proposes the modular design of a robotic arm aligned with the extended educational mechatronics conceptual framework by designing and implementing educational tools to develop the knowledge and skills required for Industry 4.0. The 3D-printed, low-cost robotic arm is designed to be used in a motion capture system for robotics applications to build kinematics concepts for a learning process. In particular, the instructional design to build the mechatronic concept of a robot workspace is carried out considering the three learning levels: concrete, representational, and abstract. The above demonstrates how the proposed pedagogical methodology can impact Industry 4.0 in the small- and medium-sized enterprises’ context.

Design, Implementation, and Control of a Linear Electric Actuator for Educational Mechatronics

Kinematics is a fundamental topic in engineering, robotics, mechatronics, and control systems and significantly resolves some of these fields’ most pressing issues. It is essential to assess the balance between a topic’s theoretical framework and its empirical validation to succeed in engineering. Educational tools have gained significant attention for their ability to enhance the learning experience by providing the hands-on experiences necessary to assess theoretical frameworks and empirical validations. This paper presents a system incorporating state-of-the-art features, including a fuzzy controller enabling precise control of a linear actuator and a USB camera, to provide an interactive experience. The USB camera captures the position of the actuator, providing real-time visual feedback and allowing the students to validate their theoretical understanding through practical experiments. Precision, accuracy, resolution, and the implementation of the fuzzy controller are measured to evaluate the whole system’s performance. The design, implementation, and control of our educational electrical linear actuator for teaching kinematics concepts contribute to a practical educational tool and advance interactive learning approaches in the field.

Assessment of kinematic concepts comprehension: A systematic review

<span lang="EN-US">A systematic study on the development of the assessment instrument of the concept of kinematics which is one of the basic concepts of physics has not yet been conducted. This systematic study reported the characteristics, quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of the instrument assessment regarding the concept of kinematics. This systematic review method has used a systematic approach based on the practical guidelines of systematic reviews by Petticrew and Roberts and has used PRISMA diagrams for the process of searching and selecting articles, who reviewed 12 articles published between 1985 and 2021. The research findings show that the instrument of concept mastery of kinematics using multiple-choice formats, while others combine the true-false and multiple-choice formats. Almost all instruments of mastery of the concept of widely used kinematics have reported validity assessment (content validity, construct validity) and internal consistency reliability. However, predictive validity, discriminatory validity, and temporal stability reliability have not been reported. Other results indicate that the development of further assessments must pay attention to five important aspects: the validity and reliability of instruments, the scopes and specificity of the concept of kinematics, the conformity with the intellectual level of students, the effectiveness and efficiency of instrument assessment, and the fulfillment of research gaps. This study can help educators and researchers choose and develop an appropriate instrument assessment to reveal students’ understanding of the concept of kinematics.</span>

Physics Textbooks Feature Augmented Reality Technology-Based Media For Kinematics Material: Training 21st Century Skills For High School Students

Textbook as the main medium of learning are required to meet the needs of the 21st century. Textbook must facilitate the formation of 21st century skills. The necessary skills are Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity. This article describes the results of research on the development of a physics textbook at kinematic concept with augmented reality technology-based media. The physics textbook of this research is aimed at practicing the 21st century skills of high school students. The research method used is research and development with a Dick and Carey approach. A physics textbook at kinematic concept has been produced with stages to practice in 21st century skills. The components presented are: video based on augmented reality technology, data tables, graphs, pictures, mathematical analysis, verbal analysis for each subtopic presented. Learning is based on four pillars of education, namely: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning how to live together. The stages in the structure of the book being developed are concept maps, preliminary knowledge tests, theory by providing competency tests in each sub-chapter, summary, reflection, chapter competency tests, and learning activities that contain 4C components in practicing 21st century skills keterampilan. The results of this research and development textbook physics at kinematic concept have been validated by physics material experts, learning experts and textbook media experts. The expert gives a very decent assessment for all aspects that are assessed.

Probabilistic analysis of the instantaneous center of rotation of a floating structure under regular and irregular beam waves

Accurate prediction of roll motion is crucial to the safety of ships and floating structures. The “roll center” mentioned in the literature is ambiguous and various definitions exist. Hence, the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) is preferred, being an established kinematic concept. Understanding the ICR is important on account of its significant influence on roll damping. A previous study postulated that the ICR moves in a straight line for regular beam waves, based on experimental observations. In this paper, the probability distribution of the ICR coordinates (y1, y2) is derived analytically for regular and irregular beam waves. For regular waves, it is proven a fortiori that the ICR lies on a straight line, and that y1 and y2 follow the Cauchy distribution, for which the mean and variance are undefined. For irregular waves, it is shown that the joint probability density of y1 and y2 is a bivariate Cauchy distribution, thus the iso-density contour lines are concentric ellipses. Regular and irregular wave experiments are performed to investigate realistic conditions. The analytical solutions are found to be quite accurate, notwithstanding some discrepancies arising from nonlinearities and experimental imperfections. The theoretical results presented herein have potential practical applications, for example since the ICR governs damping, the ICR distribution allows damping to be modeled as a stochastic process.

Variational sensitivity analysis and shape optimisation applied to a non-local, ductile damage model

AbstractShape optimisation is applied to an elasto-plastic material model with non-local, regularised damage. Geometries of the same volume are generated which behave better under the aspect of damage accumulation. The underlying material model is taken from published literature and enhanced to derive the sensitivities w.r.t the initial reference geometry. A variational approach, together with an enhanced kinematic concept to decouple geometrical and physical quantities, is utilised to derive these sensitivities. With the inclusion of plastic and damaging effects, the load history of the problem has to be taken into account as well. This introduces additional terms for the sensitivity analysis and requires certain adjustments within the numerical treatment. These gradient information can finally be applied in gradient-based optimisation techniques to efficiently solve the stated optimisation problem. The two discussed examples highlight the benefit of damage optimisation. In the first example, a geometry is reshaped to directly reduce the damage accumulation under certain load. In a second example, the results of a compliance based optimisation with the ductile damage material behaviour are compared to shapes resulting from optimisation problems considering elastic and elasto-plastic material behaviour.

Performance Analysis of a 5-DOF Robotic Arm by Implementing a Graphical User Interface

Today, the topic of performance in industrial robotics is being addressed by researchers at a much faster pace than a few years ago. In 2023, there are a variety of applications for industrial robotics, such as agriculture, education, and the film industry. In this paper, the implementation of Graphical User Interface (GUI) as a controller input between an Android smartphone and the Arduino was discussed. This GUI was developed to help the user in controlling the robotic arm. For the movement of 5-degree motion of a robot, the concept of inverse kinematics (IK) was applied to the system. To test the performance of the robot, a simple test had done by drawing the basic shape by putting the pencil into the gripper. Then, these drawings were compared with the original by calculating the percentage error of the dimensions from the center to the outside. The result shows that the robotic arm is capable of performing all the tasks assigned to it and can also be controlled through the graphical user interface of a smartphone. Therefore, implementing Bluetooth Wi-Fi as a communication between smartphone and robot is a good way to study the performance of robots, especially for small and lightweight robotic arms.

RCM adjustment for a double-parallelogram based RCM mechanism used for MIS robots

The inevitable errors in the manufacturing, assembly, and testing of a remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanism lead to the erroneous link parameters which deviate its geometry. Consequently, the motion, as well as the force, become non-zero at the entry port to the patient’s body which is undesirable. To address this issue, the current work first presents the accurate kinematic model of the RCM of an exemplary double-parallelogram-based RCM mechanism. Thereafter, it introduces the RCM adjustment concept and a flexure-based compliant mechanism to nullify/minimize the said deviation. For the analytical design of the flexure element, this paper makes the required design calculations and performs the finite element analysis. It is followed by the disclosure of the RCM Adjustment System and a systematized method of RCM adjustment for a mechanically constrained RCM device. The devised system is based on the prescribed compliant mechanism design and is advantageous, over the traditional RCM adjustments. The potential of the proposed concept lies in the fact that it is not limited to the adopted mechanism only rather, it is extendable to other mechanisms as well which was missing in the prior art. In addition, it offers a more simplified and economical design. Further, an initial prototype of the exemplary mechanism is manufactured using laser micromachining and rapid prototyping techniques. Both analytical as well as physical validations have been performed which proved the efficacy of the proposed kinematic modeling concept. Furthermore, the prototype of the introduced RCM Adjustment System is manufactured as a single-piece design which demonstrated its effectiveness. The preferred embodiment of the same is the said double-parallelogram-based RCM mechanism which is most widely used for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS). It is designed in a SolidWorks environment and manufactured using Al6101-T6 and SS304 as link material, and a variety of standard elements.

Students’ Computational Thinking Skills In Physics Learning: A Case study of Kinematic Concepts

Physics learning provides a context for future careers in fostering ability in high-end logic with the 21st learning goals. Applying computational thinking in schools is challenging and requires systemic transformation and teacher attention. This study aims to investigate the computational thinking of students in physics learning. This study used exploratory qualitative research. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and portfolio documents. The data are analyzed through six stages: preparing and organizing, exploring, building descriptions, representing the findings, interpreting the results, and validating the accuracy. The result indicated four primary computational thinking skills: decomposition, abstraction, simulation, and evaluation. The computational thinking skills in physics learning can develop students’ understanding and implementation of physics concepts based on data, not just mathematical formulas. Computational thinking in physics learning gives students the opportunity and space to explore and develop their ideas and logical reasoning more deeply in problem-defining, solutions, and evaluation. Students use their logical reasoning to solve the problem precisely. This study is expected to be used as a basis and support for physics teachers to integrate computational thinking into their learning classroom.