Kind Of Reconstruction Research Articles

DeepStSNet: Reconstructing the quantum state-resolved thermochemical nonequilibrium flowfield using deep neural operator learning with scarce data

The hypersonic flow is in a thermochemical nonequilibrium state due to the high-temperature caused by the strong shock compression. In a thermochemical nonequilibrium flow, the distribution of molecular internal energy levels strongly deviates from the equilibrium distribution (i.e., the Boltzmann distribution). It is intractable to directly obtain the microscopic nonequilibrium distribution from existed experimental measurements usually described by macroscopic field variables such as temperature or velocity. Motivated by the idea of deep multi-scale multi-physics neural network (DeepMMNet) proposed in [1], we develop in this paper a data assimilation framework called DeepStSNet to accurately reconstruct the quantum state-resolved thermochemical nonequilibrium flowfield by using sparse experimental measurements of vibrational temperature and pre-trained deep neural operator networks (DeepONets). In particular, we first construct several DeepONets to express the coupled dynamics between field variables in the thermochemical nonequilibrium flow and to approximate the state-to-state (StS) approach, which traces the variation of each vibrational level of molecule accurately. These proposed DeepONets are then trained by using the numerical simulation data, and would later be served as building blocks for the DeepStSNet. We demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of DeepONets with different test cases showing that the density and energy of vibrational groups as well as the temperature and velocity fields are predicted with high accuracy. We then extend the architectures of DeepMMNet by considering a simplified thermochemical nonequilibrium model, i.e., the 2T model, showing that the entire thermochemical nonequilibrium flowfield is well predicted by using scattered measurements of full or even partial field variables. We next consider a more accurate and complex thermochemical nonequilibrium model, i.e., the StS-CGM model, and develop a DeepStSNet for this model. In this case, we employ the coarse-grained method, which divides the vibrational levels into groups (vibrational bins), to alleviate the computational cost for the StS approach in order to achieve a fast but reliable prediction with DeepStSNet. We test the present DeepStSNet framework with sparse numerical simulation data showing that the predictions are in excellent agreement with the reference data for test cases. We further employ the DeepStSNet to assimilate a few experimental measurements of vibrational temperature obtained from the shock tube experiment, and the detailed non-Boltzmann vibrational distribution of molecule oxygen is reconstructed by using the sparse experimental data for the first time. Moreover, by considering the inevitable uncertainty in the experimental data, an average strategy in the predicting procedure is proposed to obtain the most probable predicted fields. The present DeepStSNet is general and robust, and can be applied to build a bridge from sparse measurements of macroscopic field variables to a microscopic quantum state-resolved flowfield. This kind of reconstruction is beneficial for exploiting the experimental measurements and uncovering the hidden physicochemical processes in hypersonic flows.

Indications for and Limitations of Reconstruction of Auricular Defects with the "Mid-moon Flap" and Evaluation of Outcome by the Aesthetic Numeric Analogue Score.

A variety of skin grafting techniques and local flaps have been described for medium-sized auricular defect reconstruction. Despite this, the reconstruction of a medium-sized auricular defect starting from the opposite surface is not yet reported in the literature. In the present article, the authors describe a novel surgical approach, the "mid-moon flap" technique, used for 87 patients in that kind of reconstruction. Eighty-seven patients presenting tumors located on the pinnal surface were enrolled in this study. The patient distribution included 68 men and 19 women, aged from 52 to 94 years, with a median age of 77.4 years. For all the patients, a customized cutaneous flap, named the mid-moon flap, was performed for auricular defect reconstruction. Histopathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of malignant tumors, with complete excision of the lesions in all cases. Follow-ups ranged from 6 to 36 months, with a mean of 18 months. There were no recurrences of the malignancy during the study, and the aesthetic outcome was globally considered good. The authors reported that the mid-moon flap technique is most appropriate for medium-sized auricular defects for two principal reasons: it covers the recipient area very well and, at the same time, leaves almost imperceptible relics on the donor area without causing any morphofunctional alteration of the ear.

Nasal Retainer 2.0: A New, Cheap, and Reliable Method to Prepare Custom-made Nostril Retainer for Nasal Reconstruction.

Total nasal reconstruction always represents a challenge for the plastic surgeon, who must deal both with the reconstructive procedure and compliance of the patient. This kind of reconstruction often requires more than one step. Therefore, more prolonged and emphasized scarring than normal can occur, thus resulting in a higher risk of nostril stenosis. Although several nasal retainers have been described, traditional premade retainers could be poorly tolerated by patients and need to be adequately customized to improve patient compliance. Herein, the authors propose a new, cheap, and reliable method to prepare customized nasal retainers which can be used after every step of nasal reconstruction.

Deprivation of Furusato: The damage faced by evacuees after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

AbstractThis paper considers the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the meaning of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, and reflects on the evacuees' experiences over past 12 years. During this time, several lawsuits demanding the clarification of responsibility for the accident and compensation for damages have been filed against TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company) and the Japanese Government. The “loss and transformation of hometowns (furusato in Japanese)” has become one of the key issues in these lawsuits. While the casees were being litigated, the mandated “evacuation designated zones” were gradually lifted. Even in the “Difficult‐to‐Return Areas” where annual integrated doses of radioactive substances are over 50 mSv and evacuation orders are still in effect, efforts are being made to lift the evacuation orders. Because they were forced to leave their places of residence, evacuees have claimed, “we lost oue furusato [hometown].” However, because they are able to return after evacuation orders are lifted, both TEPCO and the Japanese Government have insisted that “their furusato has not been lost” and “they cannot claim compensation for furusato damages.” In this paper, I call the irreversible and absolute damage caused by the nuclear power plant accident “the deprivation of furusato.” I look at furusato from three aspects: the relationship between people and nature, the connection between people, and notions of persistence and sustainability. Then, I discuss what kind of reconstruction is being promoted to respond to the deprivation of furusato and for whom.

Reconstruction and resilience after Fukushima: A critical analysis of nuclear risk and disaster

AbstractThis article revisits the concept of reconstruction in light of the Fukushima nuclear accident on March 11, 2011. It also offers an analysis of the reconstruction policy launched by the Japanese authorities in the context of the risk due to low‐dose radiation. What does reconstruction mean after this nuclear disaster? What kind of reconstruction is considered possible in the contaminated territories by those affected by this disaster and confronted with this long‐term health and environmental risk? To answer these questions, this article first examines the concept of reconstruction—very close to that of resilience in the Japanese context—which has sparked a controversy within the social sciences, at both national and international level. Second, based on more than 100 interviews conducted between 2013 and 2016 across the entire Nippon archipelago, this article analyzes the reconstruction policy's socio‐cultural consequences on the victims of this disaster who leave, stay or return to the contaminated territories. Finally, it proposes a new approach to the reconstruction of Fukushima, one which would support the process of resilience at the individual and collective levels.

III. The Origins of Determinate Information

This paper continues an argument begun in "Why Quantum Mechanics Makes Sense", which explores the conditions under which a physical world can define and communicate any kind of information. Since it appears that nearly all of what’s known in our most fundamental theories may be needed to do this, the question arises as to how such a complex, many-leveled system of rules and principles could have emerged from much simpler initial conditions. Following the earlier treatment of Quantum Mechanics, the initial state of the universe is taken to be a plenum of unconstrained (and therefore structureless) possibility. Any sort of system can emerge, in these conditions, so long as it’s able to define all its constraints in terms of each other – as our observable universe does. I attempt an "archaeological" analysis of currently known physics into component layers of self-defining structure, each of which can be understood as emergent on the basis of previously established constraints. I also consider how this kind of reconstruction might relate to our currently well-established Concordance Model of the early history of our universe.

Representations of Authenticity: Revealing Memorial Places of Hiding in Berlin and Budapest

ABSTRACT This paper examines the dynamic process through which two memorial places – the Museum Otto Weidt’s Workshop for the Blind in Berlin and the Memorial Room of the Glass House in Budapest – are reframed as ‘authentic’ memorial places of WWII. Revisiting the concept of authenticity, we study two kinds of reconstructions: (1) the exhibitions at the Museum and the Memorial Room, and (2) the life stories of two women for whom these sites served as shelters during their persecution. Through these, our aim is to reconnect places, objects and people to each other, and in doing so, examine how post-memory works.

From Analytical Аnthropology to Generative Anthropology

This article discusses the role of the technical in V.A. Podoroga's project of studying the literature worlds as archives of human experience. On the level of content, among many other components of these worlds he distinguished working and non-working machines, “gizmos” and various optical devices, including the mechanic eye, camera, mounting, etc. Formally, the action of these machines can be assessed as alienation, though in the context of modern media studies and exploration of the perspectives of anthropology, they can also be described as a problematic contact zone between the human and non-human, with a bias towards breaking the already historically disrupted bodily-affective interaction with the “outside”. Studies of Andrei Platonov's show the most radical interaction with the technical, in this case causing dissimilation of the human. However, even for this “inhuman” material, Podoroga chooses a form of human-measured approximation and distancing, which allows defending the position of an active researcher, observer, anthropologist. His efforts produce a kind of reconstruction, which at a certain time distance reveals the “seams”, “folds”, “cuts”, “plexuses”, “gaps” that formed at once the experience of the body and experience of writing. This is how the components of literature worlds are extracted, and from them “a picture of the universe can be deduced”. Although an external position to technics is considered to be the only guarantee of the human, even if it is strange, symptomatic, seizure-like, a different understanding of the technical is possible. Without claiming that a “machine” can assemble components in the absence of the observer's (reader's) comprehension ability, it seems nevertheless possible to relate the technical to more general principles: the methods of dispersion and gathering that form the form, the principles of intervalization and binding the heterogeneous, and most importantly, the principle of generating conditions for detecting an event. Then it will be necessary to clarify the relationship between techne and literature in the broader sense of poiesis, in the process of which elements can be formed from the indivisible “compressed”.

Orbital Floor Fractures Comparing Different Kinds of Reconstruction: A Proposal for Restoration of Physiological Anatomy.

The most effective treatment for orbital fractures is still under debate and different strategies are proposed in the literature. All such strategies focus on reconstruction of the orbital structure, neglecting the main function of the medial and inferior walls, these latter being constructed so as to break during high energy trauma. The aim of the authors is to highlight the difference between different reconstructive techniques in an orbital fracture restoration, being inclined to favor repair over reconstruction of the orbital floor, assuming that a second trauma could happen and reconstructive material left in the orbit may damage the visual apparatus in such a scenario. Following this theme, the authors propose a reconstruction strategy using a custom made stereolithographic model and resorbable plate made of polylactic acid mesh molded onto it. The mesh is used alone or in combination with bone graft, to obtain a better reparative result. At present, this approach is best suited to sports people and the young. Even if a deeper evaluation of the method would be useful, the series of case studies presented could be of stimulus for future discussion.

Treatment concepts for complications after resection and defect reconstruction of pelvic tumours

Partial pelvic resection, internal hemipelvectomy or sacrectomy as a result of bone sarcoma is still challenging. No matter what kind of reconstruction is used, there is still amuch higher rate of complications in pelvic surgery compared to sarcoma surgery of the long bones. We describe the most common complications in pelvic sarcoma surgery and specific complications related to the reconstruction method. Handling strategies for these complications are specified. We performed aliterature search and report our own experiences in the troubleshooting of pelvic surgery-related complications to gain an up-to-date overview of the state-of-the-art in management strategies. Prospective randomized trials or meta-analyses on this topic are lacking. The literature search depicted that, besides local recurrence, deep infection after reconstruction is the most serious complication. An early revision with radical debridement has to be performed in order to save the reconstruction. In the case of adeep infection, theremoval of all implants with a total loss of the reconstruction is often unavoidable. Therefore, an individualized risk-benefit analysis prior to surgery with respect to the type of reconstruction, or no reconstruction at all (hip transposition), together with the patient is advisable. Complications-especially infections-after hemipelvectomy or sacrectomy are common. In the case of infection, in some cases, an early revision is the only chance to prevent areconstruction from explantation.

The Expression of Faërie

The Expression of Faërie Simon J. Cook (bio) The hearer … takes what he hears exactly as if it were speech of his own: he speaks to himself with the words that he hears addressed to him, and thus constructs in himself the idea which those words express. —R. G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art (1938) This essay gathers some fruit from a long struggle to understand J.R.R. Tolkien's "On Fairy-stories." Over the years that I have battled with this intractable text I have come to think of it as 'the impossible essay'. The other side of this coin is that I have found myself frustrated by commentaries that reveal an unwillingness to take seriously what Tolkien says. A learned, ambitious, and authoritative instance of such a commentary is found in volume seven of Tolkien Studies, where Michael Milburn argues that "Imagination may be taken as Tolkien's 'definitive' definition of Faery" (Milburn 55). In this essay I point out the gap between what Tolkien says and what Milburn says that he says. More constructively, I substitute Milburn's guiding idea that Tolkien was a disciple of S. T. Coleridge with the suggestion that Tolkien in his essay is engaging with his late colleague, R. G. Collingwood.1 This substitution brings expression into the picture and suggests that Faërie (as Tolkien spells the word in his essay) is to be understood as a queer relationship between imagination and expression. Concretely, Faërie is found when our minds are ensnared by the metaphors of a fairy story, caught on a point of creative tension between imagination and expression. Collingwood and Tolkien were both fellows of Pembroke College between 1926 and 1935. There appears to be no literature on their possible mutual influence.2 This is understandable to the extent that their conversations were unrecorded and can only be reconstructed by inference from a small handful of printed references to Tolkien in Collingwood's work, and by comparing their various writings on similar subjects. I believe that the first kind of reconstruction would be rewarding, but this essay is concerned only with the latter. My conclusion from comparison of printed material composed after Collingwood left Pembroke is that the two had previously engaged in some extremely interesting conversations about magic. As we shall see, Tolkien's essay reveals a critical engagement with Collingwood's ideas about fairy [End Page 51] stories, while Collingwood's subsequent work on the philosophy of art provides a key that unlocks Tolkien's impossible essay.3 Between 1936 and 1938 Collingwood worked on a book on fairy stories, which he never finished but may now be read in the posthumous volume, The Philosophy of Enchantment. From the perspective I impute to Tolkien, this unfinished book appears a strange, half-way house of a work. On the one hand, Collingwood recognizes his own idea of historical understanding in the new anthropological fieldwork, pioneered by the 1898 Cambridge University expedition to Torres Strait. It was clear to him that once Oxbridge dons like W.R.R. Rivers began to listen to people who believed in magic speaking in their own terms under their own native skies, then pretty much everything said from the comfort of their armchairs by Max Müller, E. B. Tylor, J. G. Frazer—and for that matter, Andrew Lang—about 'primitive' myth, magic, and ritual was self-evidently worthless (Collingwood, Enchantment II, 2). But Collingwood not only recognizes the significance of listening to others talk in their own realm of being; he is convinced by such conversations that, so understood in context, magic is real. What I take to be Tolkien's conclusion is that the good part of this book, as Collingwood left it, consists of a theory of magic as a universal practice, which modern Westerners perform without full awareness of what we are doing, but is still recognized for what it is by the conversational partners of the new anthropological fieldworkers. On the other hand, Collingwood completely fails to recognize the intentions of which fairy stories are evidence. As had Andrew Lang before him, Collingwood thought of fairy tales as folklore, and as such evidence of collective...

Criteria and methods for reconstructing the events of the history of the Ancient Israel

The article offers a set of criteria aimed for the reconstruction of the events of the history of ancient Israel. The author argues that these criteria might help the researchers to work out a balanced approach and help to avoid extremities of both “fundamentalist” and “hypercritical” approach (in the first instance, the Biblical texts are considered to preserve the historically true information whereas in the second instance the information preserved in the Biblical texts is rejected as a priori false). Every kind of reconstruction offers a kind of approximation, however, not the “truth”. Therefore, all available data should be put in a broad context and all the reasonable interpretation made on their basis, should be taken into account. One-sided approach like with archeological data, which may totally overwhelm the research results must be avoided. In this context it is crucial to understand how exactly and to which extent the Biblical texts can be trusted. Here, narrative analysis criteria can be of some help: the highest degree of historical reliability can be expected in the presentation of events, which offer the author most difficulties in their description. At the same time the level of his personal involvement in the events described can show how close he could be to the time, when the event was witnessed by others. The ways and methods of applying these criteria to the critical interpretation of the history of ancient Israel are illustrated in the article on a number of examples.

How we improve the transoral resection for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: the CO2 waveguide laser.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the CO2 waveguide laser (CO2 WGL) with flexible fiber (Lumenis, Santa Clara, CA) in the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers specifically focusing on the lateral thermal damage (LTD) induced by this instrument and therefore on the reliability of the analysis of frozen sections collected during margin mapping. A total of 48 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers from T1 to T4a were prospectively enrolled in the study. We collected data about LTD, pathologic tumor and node stage (pTNM), surgical intervention, kind of reconstruction (no flap, local vs free flap), need for tracheotomy and time of removal, postoperative complications (such as bleeding, mucosal dehiscence, and fistula), need for feeding tube and time of removal. Mean LTD was 164.7 ± 92.4μm. Comparing frozen section histology before and after formalin embedding we found 5 true positives, 170 true negatives, 4 false positives and 4 false negatives, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 55.6%, 98%, 55.6%, 98%, and 96.1%, respectively. CO2 WGL is a very manageable tool, which allows a precise cut. However, its high costs, the inability to re-use the fibers and its low coagulation capability must be considered.

Study of the stability and electronic properties of h-BN nanoribbons with reconstructed edges

Energetics and electronic properties of three-layered hBN nanoribbons, with reconstructed edges, were investigated, using density functional theory. Such edges present lines of pentagonal and heptagonal rings, where homopolar B-B and N-N bonds exist. The homopolar bonds and their distribution, determine the energetic stability of hBN nanoribbons. The structures with the lowest amount of homopolar bonds presents a value of formation energy smaller than the single hBN layer, which suggests that such kind of reconstruction may indeed occur in real three-layered hBN systems. In addition, our results suggest that reconstructed edges on hBN nanoribbons are more stable than their carbon counterparts.

A.J. Ayer and J.L. Austin: from “Ethical Judgements” to “Performative”

The article considers the thesis about A. Ayer’s radical empiricism as one of the possible conceptual sources for the development of the theory of J. Austin’s speech acts. In contemporary research literature more attention is devoted to the inquiry of the discussion between A. Ayer and J. Austin on the matter of “sense-data”. At the same time it can be stated that few attention is devoted to the historical and philosophical reconstruction of their mutual influence. The importance of this kind of reconstruction is caused by the fact that contention between A. Ayer and J. Austin in Oxford during 1930s and 1940s can be viewed as preliminary work of reception of the idea of L. Wittgenstein’s “language-games”. By comparing A. Ayer’s “empirical / ethical” and J. Austin’s “conservative / performative” oppositions one could show that A. Ayer’s earlier views on ethics expressed in his work “Language, Truth and Logic “cannot be unconditionally attributed to the logical positivism. Ayer’s following statements were considered: 1) ethical judgements state as judgments of arousal of feelings and stimulation to action; 2) ethical judgements state as expression of ethical feelings; 3) ethical judgements add nothing in terms of factual meaning; 4) feelings are not a necessary condition for their expression. In conclusion one can say that in a certain sense Ayer’s approach to the ethical judgment is open to understanding that the meaning of a word is its use in the language. The results of its ethical analysis can be viewed as an important impulse to the development of ordinary language philosophy. Therefore, it is possible to consider logical positivism as including the inevitable premises for creation the ordinary language philosophy.

Дискусійні питання в історії виникнення третьої «Критики» Імануеля Канта

This paper deals with the so-called “external history” of the origin of Critique of the power of judgment that is based primarily on the philosopher’s correspondence in the period between May 1787 and October 1789. Two letters from Kant to Reinhold (28.12.1787 and 12.05.1789) as well as modifications in the interpretation of the term “aesthetics” in the first Critique (KrVA 22, B 35-36) are crucial for the evolution of the project Critique of Taste in the book Critique of the Power of Judgment. Special attention was paid to the debate between some modern scholars and editors about the importance of the reports on ‘Grundlegung’ / ‘Grundlage’ of Critique of Taste in the initial phase of work on the text. However, the available evidence does not allow us to reconstruct the “internal history” of the development of Kant’s thought during the period of writing the third Critique. Some modern scholars try to establish other objective criteria for this kind of reconstruction by identification in the text of Critique direct or hidden hints or citations to the literature of the 18th century. The author considers that the use of so-called “reflections” from the philosopher’s manuscript heritage, which can be seen as the formation and development of certain concepts of Kant’s theory, can be fruitful. The well-known problem of dating the reflections can be partially solved if terminus a quo will be not the published works, but Kant’s lectures on anthropology and logic taught at that time.

A Diagnostic Imaging Method – Shear Wave Elastography

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique, that maps the elastic properties of tissues. Nowadays this modality develops increasingly in medicine across its disciplines and opens a new era of high-quality ultrasound examination because it increases the specificity and thus improves diagnostic assurance. This method is similar to manual palpation, shows elastic properties of biological tissues and provides a kind of reconstruction of the internal structure of soft tissues based on measurement of the response of tissue compression. Results: This method is already used routinely in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, in hepatology, cardiology, view of the carotid arteries and lymphatic nodules. Standards of elasticity values for human tissues such as the mammary gland, liver, prostate or thyroid gland are progressively being created across the medical fields. Finally, the article examines its unquestioned benefit in ophthalmology. In ophthalmology, it already appears as an up-and-coming method in diagnostics and in evaluating the changes in oculomotor muscles and orbital tissues in patients with endocrine orbitopathy. Conclusion: Shear wave elastography offers three main innovations: the quantitative aspect, dimensional resolution, and real-time imaging ability. Determination of the utilization rate of this method and its inclusion into the diagnostics of endocrine orbitopathy is still a question and the subject of presently conducted clinical studies.

Utility and Versatility of the Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction

IntroductionThe supraclavicular island flap is a rotational pedicled flap and may have some advantages in head and neck reconstruction compared with free-tissue transfer when this kind of reconstruction is not affordable or recommended. Material and methodsWe present our experience during the year 2016 in the application of the supraclavicular island flap in five cases as an alternative to microvascular reconstruction in several defects after resection of head and neck tumours. In two patients, the flap was used to close the surgical pharyngostoma after total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy. In one patient, it was used in lateral facial reconstruction after partial resection of the temporal bone. In one case, it was used to close a skin defect after total laryngectomy with prelaryngeal tissue extension. And in the last case to close a neck skin defect after primary closure of a pharyngo-cutaneous fistula. There were no flap complications, and the result was satisfactory in all cases. ResultsThe supraclavicular artery island flap is useful and versatile in head and neck reconstruction. Operating room time in aged patients or those with comorbidities will be reduced compared to free flaps. The surgical technique is relatively easy and can be used for skin and mucosal coverage. ConclusionThe supraclavicular island flap could be a recommended option in head and neck reconstruction, its use seems to be increasing and provides a safe and time-saving option to free flaps in selected patients.

Risk factors for delayed healing at the free anterolateral thigh flap donor site.

BackgroundThe free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been widely used for various kinds of reconstructions. However, delayed healing at the donor site occasionally occurs due to wound dehiscence or the partial loss of grafted skin at the donor site. The aim of the present study was to identify reliable predictive factors for delayed healing at the donor site after the harvest of a free ALT flap.MethodsThis study included 52 patients who underwent reconstructive procedures using free ALT flaps. The delayed healing group included patients with wounds at the donor site that had not healed over 3 weeks after surgery, and the normal healing group included patients who showed wound healing within 3 weeks after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify the risk factors for delayed healing at the ALT flap donor site.ResultsAmong the 52 patients, 24 (46.2%) showed delayed healing at the donor site, and 6 patients required additional operative treatment. A high preoperative body mass index (BMI), smoking, and skin grafting were found to be significantly associated with delayed healing at the ALT donor site. Of the 37 patients who underwent skin grafting, 23 (62%) experienced delayed healing at the donor site.ConclusionsA high preoperative BMI, smoking, and skin grafting were risk factors for delayed healing at the free ALT donor site. Skin grafting at the ALT donor site should be avoided in patients with a high BMI or a habit of smoking.

Utilidad y versatilidad del colgajo en isla de la arteria supraclavicular en reconstrucción de cabeza y cuello

IntroductionThe supraclavicular island flap is a rotational pedicled flap and may have some advantages in head and neck reconstruction compared with free-tissue transfer when this kind of reconstruction is not affordable or recommended. Material and methodsWe present our experience during the year 2016 in the application of the supraclavicular island flap in five cases as an alternative to microvascular reconstruction in several defects after resection of head and neck tumours. In two patients, the flap was used to close the surgical pharyngostoma after total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy. In one patient, it was used in lateral facial reconstruction after partial resection of the temporal bone. In one case, it was used to close a skin defect after total laryngectomy with prelaryngeal tissue extension. And in the last case to close a neck skin defect after primary closure of a pharyngo-cutaneous fistula. There were no flap complications, and the result was satisfactory in all cases. ResultsThe supraclavicular artery island flap is useful and versatile in head and neck reconstruction. Operating room time in aged patients or those with comorbidities will be reduced compared to free flaps. The surgical technique is relatively easy and can be used for skin and mucosal coverage. ConclusionThe supraclavicular island flap could be a recommended option in head and neck reconstruction, its use seems to be increasing and provides a safe and time-saving option to free flaps in selected patients.