Kinds Of Quantification Research Articles

Syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier in New Testament Greek

In linguistic terms, a quantifier is an item that appears with a noun to specify the number or amount of referents indicated by the noun. In English, various kinds of quantification are lexically differentiated—universal quantification (all), distributive quantification (each), and universal-distributive (every). In Greek, however, quantification is conveyed syntactically using primarily one lexical item, namely πᾶς. In this article, we examine the syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier from a linguistic point of view with attention to the determination of the noun (articular versus anarthrous), the number of the noun (singular versus plural) and the phrasal word order. We also examine the phenomenon of ‘floating’ quantification in which the quantifier moves to a new position in the noun phrase. Finally, we compare the patterns found in New Testament Greek with those of the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible in order to determine the extent and type of Semitic interference with respect to quantification in New Testament Greek grammar.Contribution: The syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier are identified and the semantic import of each pattern is described. The relationship of πᾶς to the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible shows evidence of Semitic interference in New Testament Greek grammar.

A corpus-based study of the Chinese synonymous approximativesshangxia, qianhouandzuoyou

AbstractThe Chinese antonymous compoundsshangxia‘up-down’,qianhou‘front-back’ andzuoyou‘left-right’ can convey similar meanings as approximatives, indicating ‘about’ or ‘around’. Based on data from the CCL (Centre for Chinese Linguistics) corpus and adopting a behavioral profile (BP) approach, this study investigates the semantic and usage differences between the three approximatives. The corpus analysis yields the following findings. First, the most frequently used of the three approximatives iszuoyou, followed byqianhouandshangxia, in that order. Second,qianhoumainly approximates time;zuoyouapproximates quantity; andshangxia, age. Third, in approximating age, time and quantity, the three approximatives exhibit subtle behavioral preferences. Based on these corpus findings, I discuss the motivations underlying the similarities and differences between the three synonyms. I argue that their similarities are explained by the metaphor QUANTIFICATION IS SPACE and their differences are explained by the different kinds of quantification they are used to approximate.

LC-MS Analysis of Methylated RNA.

The detection and quantification of methylated RNA can be beneficial to understand certain cellular regulation processes such as transcriptional modulation of gene expression, immune response, or epigenetic alterations. Therefore, it is necessary to have methods available, which are extremely sensitive and accurate, for instance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we describe the preparation of RNA samples by enzymatic hydrolysis and the subsequent analysis of ribonucleosides by LC-MS/MS via NLS (Neutral loss scan) and DMRM (Dynamic multiple reaction monitoring). Also, we provide variations of these methods including chromatographic techniques and different kinds of quantification.

A proposal for handling ordinal categorical variables in co-inertia analysis

This paper is about the problem of the treatment of ordinal qualitative variables in co-inertia analysis. In the literature, there are different proposals based on the application of known statistical techniques to quantify ordinal variables. Here we propose to use a new procedure for the coding considering the empirical distributions of the variables involved in the analysis. We present an application to a real dataset, comparing the results obtained with the different kinds of quantification.

Japanese floating numeral quantifiers as generalized quantifiers

The central concern of this paper is whether the Japanese FNQ is always a distributive operator, as Nakanishi (2004, 2007, 2008), and Kobuchi-Philip (2003, 2007) claim. Based on various interpretive facts, we instead argue that such an analysis is not necessarily correct, and that the interpretive ambiguity pertaining to FNQs (between distributive and non-distributive readings) can be resolved if the semantic ambiguity arises because of the existence of two different types of FNQs (as quantificational determiners and as quantificational adverbs). To validate this assumption, we will address interpretive aspects relevant to FNQ quantification from the viewpoint that natural languages may adopt two kinds of quantification, namely, D(eterminer)-quantification and A(dverbial)-quantification, as put forth in Partee (1995, 2008). This assumption might appear unattractive from the viewpoint of theoretical economy. However, the advantage of this hypothesis is that it is possible to maintain the generalized quantifier analysis and perfectly offer precise and uniform interpretation rules that derive the meaning of sentences involving Japanese FNQs that are attested.

Non-Traditional Squares of Predication and Quantification

Three logical squares of predication or quantification, which one can even extend to logical hexagons, will be presented and analyzed. All three squares are based on ideas of the non-traditional theory of predication developed by Sinowjew and Wessel. The authors also designed a non-traditional theory of quantification. It will be shown that this theory is superfluous, since it is based on an obscure difference between two kinds of quantification and one pays a high price for differentiating in this way: losing the definability between the existence- and all-quantifier. Therefore, a combination of non-traditional predication and classical quantification is preferred here.