Kind Of Praise Research Articles

A Study of the Symbolic Meaning and Period Value of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter

Pearl is a distinctive artistic figure created by Nathaniel Hawthorne in his novel The Scarlet Letter. She is highly symbolic in her identity, name, appearance and character. Her existence not only drives the development of the main characters’ thoughts and behavioral changes, but also carries the author’s praise of truth, goodness and beauty, his communication of ideals and hopes, and the profound understanding of the awakening of women’s consciousness. This kind of praise, communication and understanding has wide contemporary value in today’s society.

Praise as Classroom Communicative Reinforcing Device: Perceptions of Vietnamese University Students

One of the biggest challenges for teachers is to foster a positive learning environment in which students become motivated and engaged in classroom activities. Growing concerns have been shown about how evaluative praise functioned as a good reinforcer for students' achievement and desirable behaviour affects students' motivation to learn, depending on teachers' messages communicated with students. This study examined the impacts of different types of teacher praise upon university students' perceptions. Case study was employed to collect the data through observations and semi-structured interviews. The results highlighted that students perceived differently towards kinds of praise that they earned. They tended to respond to specific, verbal praise in a more positive way because of its explicit recognition and precise information about their contributions, hence it could make better their self-concept as well as help them keep motivated. Also, high-achievers sought for ability praise whereas low-achievers desired to draw effort praise from teachers. Educators would benefit these findings for the pedagogical purposes.

Can praise undo the unfavourable effects of earlier failures?

This study investigated the effectiveness of process-related praise, applied after a series of failures, as compared to trait-related praise and no feedback. Reaction to praise following social-skills tasks was compared to that following intellectual-skills tasks. Affect and self-esteem in the domains of intelligence and social sensitivity were measured three times. The study was conducted using a 3 × 2 experimental design. Participants (167 high school students) completed five sets of tasks and received fictitious feedback. The feedback after the first three sets suggested failure and after the remaining two suggested success. The content of praise was trait-related or process-related. Receiving praise after a series of failures led to an increase in the recipients’ affect and self-perceived intelligence compared to the control group, regardless of what kind of praise it was. The content of tasks was not significant to the effects obtained. No changes occurred in self-perceived social sensitivity.

Lord, Errol. The Importance of Being Rational. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 288. $60.00 (cloth).

Lord, Errol. <i>The Importance of Being Rational</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 288. $60.00 (cloth).

The effects of praise for effort versus praise for intelligence on vocational education students

The present study investigates the effects of different kinds of praise on 108 students in vocational education, using a similar design as the original mindset studies. Students worked on a set of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices and either received praise for effort, received praise for intelligence, or were in the control group. Results were not in line with mindset theory. We expected differences in goal choice and performance after experiencing setbacks between students who were praised for effort or who were praised for intelligence, but both groups reacted in the same way. Our results are in line with previous studies that also did not succeed in finding a relation between mindset and academic performance. This study shows that even when the original procedure used in Mueller and Dweck’s experiments was followed, vocational education students were not influenced by the type of praise (i.e. mindset) to which they were exposed.

تَضْعیفُ الرّاوی بما یُشْبِهُ تَوْثِیقَهُ

الملخص عنوان الدراسة: تضعيف الراوي بما يشبه توثيقه. فحوى هذه الدراسة: الوقوف على جملة العبارات النقدية التي أطلقها النقاد المحدثون وصفا لبعض رواة السنة، ومروياتهم، وقد خرجوا بها عن مقتضى ظاهر ألفاظها؛إذ استعملوا العبارات التي يفهم ظاهرها الراوي في نفسه، أو قبول رواياته مع أن حقيقة أمرها خلاف ذلک. وعنيت الدراسة باستنطاق دلالة تلک العبارات من الناحية الوضعية المعجمية، وسياقاتها العرفية التداولية، وتحولها - من بعد - على ألسن النقاد المحدثين إلى حقول دلالية نقدية أفادوا منها في تحرير أحکامهم. کما أبرزت الدراسة العلاقة بين الدلالتين: الوضعية والنقدية بما يسوغ استعمال النقاد إياها في درج أحکامهم النقدية على الرواة ومروياتهم؛ ذلک ليبقى طالب علم الحديث على معرفة من طرائق النقاد المحدثين في التعبير عن مرادهم في وصف راوي الحديث، وما يحمله من مفردات السنة، ولا يغتر بظاهر العبارات الناقدة ومنطوقها؛ فيزل في فهمها، ويغلط في تحرير أحکام النقاد الحديثية. وتعد هذه الدراسة ثاني دراستين للباحث اهتمت بخروج کلام النقاد المحدثين عن مقتضى ظاهر معناه؛ فقد کانت الدراسة السابقة بعنوان: توثيق الراوي بما يشبه تضعيفه تناولت دراسة أسلوب النقاد في الخروج عن مقتضى ظاهر الکلام؛ ذلک باستعمال الألفاظ والعبارات الناقدة التي يکون ظاهرها والتجريح ومقصودهم التوثيق والثناء بالخير على الموصوف بها؛ لتکتمل معالم أسلوب التعبير من خلال ما قرره البلاغيون في مبحث البديع والموسوم: بالمدح بما يشبه أو الذم بما يشبه المدح. Summary. The title of the study: The narrator weakens in a similar manner. The essence of this study is to identify the phrases of modern critics who describe some of the narrators of the Sunnah and their narrations. They used the phrases that are understood to be the narrator's documentation of himself, or to accept his narrations, although the truth of the matter is otherwise. The study examined the significance of these terms in terms of the lexical situation, their customary and deliberative contexts, and their transformation - from a distance - on the tongues of modern critics to the fields of monetary criticism they reported in editing their judgments. The study also highlighted the relationship between the two signs: positivism and cash, which justified the use of critics in the drawer of their monetary judgments on the narrators and their narrators. This is so that the student of modern knowledge will be familiar with the methods of modern critics in expressing their intention to describe the narrator of the hadeeth, In the form of critical phrases and the nature of them; Vizl in understanding, and mislead in liberalizing the judgments of modern critics. This study is the second study of the researcher interested in the emergence of the words of modern critics of the apparent meaning of the term; the previous study was entitled: Documenting the narrator with a similar weakening dealt with the method of critics to get out of the apparent phenomenon of speech; using the words and phrases critical, They are meant to document and praise the good described in it; to complete the features of the method of expression through the decisions of the Balagion in the study of Albdaih and tagged: Praise to the like or reprehensible in a kind of praise.

The Distorted Ode: On Horace, Carm. 4.8

If emendated carefully Carm. 4.8 is fully worthy of Horace and indeed an exquisite example of his art. Its metapoetic (programmatic) outlook on the panegyric subgenre is one of the crucial factors for a positive appreciation. The poet's master hand shows in integrating the themes in the Pindaric manner. The ode is no exception to Meineke's Law, a claim safely to be deduced from Horace's metrical practice. Textual challenges are above all raised by the lines 13–24. Rejecting 14–17 (NB! not 18–19a), the author discusses Calabrae Pierides (20) as a reference to Ennius’ praise of Scipio Africanus; eo ipso Scipio is safeguarded against excision. The second Roman hero, Romulus (22b–24), should be seen both in relation to Ennius and in the light of early heroic song in Rome. Illi (dat.) is conjectured instead of eius (18) and attached to line 13. In his introduction, Horace makes Pindar's First Isthmian, typical of Pindar's kind of praise, applicable to the occasion. As to the partly Romanized Greek heroes (25–34), each example has its own stamp. Finally, a new version of the text is presented.

In Praise of the Poetics

Why was Aristotle interested in poetry? Modern readers have been always inclined to suppose that he meant to endorse certain kinds of rewards of dealing with mimetic stuff: paintings, plays, poems, sculptures, etc.- ‘art,’ for short. Thus, the Poetics has been praised (and even often debunked) as the rightful ancestor of Aesthetics, and as a philosophical account of how art makes us smarter, morally deeper, better persons. I will call this ‘injunctive Aristotelianism,’ and I shall attempt to break its spell by making a different kind of praise. I will praise the Poetics for its sheer philosophical merits. More specifically, I will draw attention to the explanatory continuum which is given intelligibility by the vocabulary of poietike techne.

Human Ideals and Human Needs

G. E. Moore said that ethics was concerned with only two questions, the question what goodness meant, and the question what things were good. But there is an immense gap between these questions, and most of ethics lies between them. It deals with the various kinds of goodness. (Similarly, science does not deal only with the question what it is to be a thing, and the question what things there are. It deals with the kinds of thing.) Good is nearly as general a term as thing, lumping together many kinds of praise. The main business of ethics is to distinguish these kinds (and also the kinds of dispraise) and relate them properly. This involves studying, comparing, criticizing and deepening the various half-formed priority systems within which each kind of praise gets its sense. The disputes out of which ethics arises are not usually about whether something is good, but about conflicts between admitted goods (or evils). To arbitrate them, as we constantly must, we have to have a priority system of goods. And we get it by attending to the system of needs which those goods satisfy. Some, we argue, are more central than others. For instance-beauty, and the contemplation of beauty, would not be good at all except for a being that needed them. And since that being also has other needs, that contemplation cannot-as Moore suggestedi-have a walkover into a central and predominant place. If it is to go there, reasons must be given. Moore, unlike Plato,2 would not produce such reasons. But they can be given, and also answered. To understand the system of goods is to understand the system of needs which they satisfy-namely, in the human case, human nature. This line of thought, which is reckoned as naturalistic, causes alarm. I would like to explain it a little more in response to criticisms made by various moral philosophers, notably by Dr Christine Battersby in reviewing my book Beast and Man3 and by Dr Stephen Clark in replying to my paper 'The Absence of a Gap Between Facts and Values' at the i980 Joint Session.4 Both suggest that the notion of a structure of deep, central human needs is too obscure to be helpful. I quote some remarks from Dr Battersby:

Special kinds of praise

Special kinds of praise

The Historical Pattern of Psycho-Analysis

r NHE NEWCOMER to Western Europe can 11ardly fail to be struck by the interest accorded to psycho-analysis in this part of the svorld. f . In big centres such as London or Paris this interest far exceeds any scientific curiosity; psycho-analysis has become not only a fashionable topic of conversation, but an atmosphere. It is only fair to state that this atmosphere prevails in a particular social stratum that could appropnately be described as the middle classes of Western culture. To these classes belong people for whom intellectual preoccupations or any dealings with ideas are a spare-time activity. The cultural importance of these people, much more numerous in the West than anywhere else, is not yet fully assessed. At the moment they show a growing interest in cultural productions, and a weakening of the critical sense at the same time. W. H. Auden had perhaps these people in mind when trying to sketch the popular conception of Freudianism as following: (I) Sex pleasure is the only real pleasure; (2) All reasoning is false and consists merely of rationalization; (3) It is my parent's fault that I am not Shakespeare or Napoleon, and (4) Virtue means do as you like. And yet the present popularity of psycho-analysis does not result primarily from its attitude towards sexual life. The widespread belief that psycho analysis is the right cure for all sorts of individual and even collective troubles confers upon it a prestige seldom found in the evolution of any other psych logical doctrine. Not less important is the conviction that psycho-analysis has opened new vistas for research not only in psychology but in all the social sciences, ethics, sociology, economics, politics, art criticism, anthropology, etc. If psycho-analysis is not an epoch-making discovery, a new srision of life, a Copernican idea, then it is nothing. This kind of praise is accorded even by people who are professionals in the field of culture. Copernicus destroyed the belief in the central position of the earth, Darwin destroyed the pride in human uniqueness, and Freud revealed the extent to which consciousness is the plaything of the Unconscious, says one of them.l The concept of the strusfgre of mind was an inevitable consequence of Freud's discovery of un-