Kinds Of Planes Research Articles

CFD and VLM Simulation of the Novel Twin-body Asymmetric Flying-wing Aircraft

Twin-body aircraft has the advantages of heavy load and long voyage, which make it suitable to execute the task. However, it also has some problems such as high-strength mid-wing requirement and no usable airport in the practical application. In order to solve these problems and promote twin-body aircraft’s adaptability, this paper conducts a research of a new type of twin-body asymmetric flying-wing aircraft (TAFA). Two kinds of simulations (CFD and VLM) are conducted to prove the effectiveness of its flight performance. The results show that the flight performance of TAFA is the best among the four different kinds of plane that can perform the same tasks.

Monte Carlo study of an anisotropic Ising multilayer with antiferromagnetic interlayer couplings

We present a Monte Carlo study of the magnetic properties of an Ising multilayer ferrimagnet. The system consists of two kinds of non-equivalent planes, one of which is site-diluted. All intralayer couplings are ferromagnetic. The different kinds of planes are stacked alternately and the interlayer couplings are antiferromagnetic. We perform the simulations using the Wolff algorithm and employ multiple histogram reweighting and finite-size scaling methods to analyze the data with special emphasis on the study of compensation phenomena. Compensation and critical temperatures of the system are obtained as functions of the Hamiltonian parameters and we present a detailed discussion about the contribution of each parameter to the presence or absence of the compensation effect. A comparison is presented between our results and those reported in the literature for the same model using the pair approximation. We also compare our results with those obtained through both the pair approximation and Monte Carlo simulations for the bilayer system.

An underdetermined problem of integral geometry for the generalized radon transform

Under study is a new problem of integral geometry. All kinds of planes are considered in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The available data are given by the integrals over all these planes of an unknown piecewise-smooth function depending both on the spatial variables and the variables characterizing the planes. The sought object is a first kind discontinuity surface of the integrand. The uniqueness theorem of a desired surface is proved. The above results are related to one of the aspects of the theory of testing unknown media by various physical signals.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics in Polishing Based on Two-Dimension Vibration of Fluid

A novel polishing technique based on the two-dimension vibration of fluid is put forward to obtain ultra-smooth surface without damage. In operation, the polishing pad is replaced by fluid where fine abrasive particles are mixed, and the impact and grinding effect can be produced by means of the vibration of fluid and the relative motion of workpiece. It can achieve the ultra-precise polishing for all kinds of planes and curved surfaces. A finite element method is employed to analyze the dynamic behaviors, including vibration mode and harmonic response under the action of the exciter, and the fluid field based on two-dimension vibration is simulated.

The Classification of Projective Planes of Order q 3 with Cone-Representations in PG (6, q )

The classification of cone-representations of projective planes of orderq3 of index 3 and rank 4 (and so in PG(6,q)) is completed. Any projective plane with a non-spread representation (being a cone-representation of the ‘second kind’) is a dual ‘generalised Desarguesian translation plane’, as found by Jha and Johnson, and conversely. Indeed, given any collineation of PG(2,q) with no fixed points, there exists such a projective plane of order q3 , where q is a prime power, that has the second kind of cone-representation of index 3 and rank 4 in PG(6,q). An associated semifield plane of order q3 is also constructed at most points of the plane. Although Jha and Johnson found this plane before, here we can show directly the geometrical connection between these two kinds of planes.

Literary Non-Fiction

Accounts of the air war of 1939–45 still hold a fascination for many: any comprehensive second hand bookshop will have at least one shelf devoted to aviation or war memoirs. My own longstanding interest began with a childhood awareness of my father's involvement in the war. Born in Maryborough and educated at Brisbane State High, he had been a pilot, first in the RAAF, then the RAF. He had joined up on his eighteenth birthday in 1942, gained his wings in Australia, received advanced training in England on Blenheim bombers then Beaufighters, and volunteered for the Middle East. But even these scant details I only managed to interrogate from him in the past year or so. Fifty years after the war, he has just started to talk about it to me, though selectively. Most of his friends were killed, either shot down or in flying accidents. As well, the Beaufighter was notorious as one of the most difficult and dangerous planes to fly. One pilot in my father's unit sensibly asked to be transferred to a different kind of plane because he found he couldn't handle the twin-engined fighter; the response of the Commanding Officer was to have the pilot immediately classified LMF — Lack of Moral Fibre — a fate most aircrew considered worse than death. It is absurd incidents such as this — brave men condemned by inflexible superiors, and so many others killed in accidents, often in landing or taking off under extreme conditions of weather and weariness — that emerge in the accounts by survivors as an antidote to more idealised reconstructions of the air war.

Field electron and field ion imaging of silicon surfaces

For field electron and field ion imaging of Si, two surface preparation methods have been used. One preparation is done at cryogenic temperatures in the presence of atomic hydrogen whose formation is field-induced. This leads to a hydrogen field desorption end form, which can be further treated by field evaporation and imaging in Ne. Because field evaporation from this end form occurs as Si clusters, only a few planes appear ordered. The other preparation method takes advantage of Si surface diffusion during annealing at about 1000 K, which is accompanied by the growth of several kinds of planes, to form a thermal end form. According to crystal growth theory, the observed planes belong to equilibrium form planes and planes of intermediate areas. Images in Ar or Ne of the Si thermal end form are dominated by the edges of a facetted crystal rather than by the terraces showing reconstruction. Reconstruction after a high temperature anneal is expected but could not be imaged below the onset of field evaporation.

Abrupt Change of NMR Line Shape in the Low Temperature Phase of Fe3O4

Temperature dependences of the NMR line shape were measured in the low temperature phase of magnetite. For the sample which was cooled to 4.2 K in an external magnetic field, we found an abrupt change of line shape at about 26 K. This phenomenon must be caused by the changing of an electron ordering structure in the magnetic domain walls and may be explained by use of a pinning plane model. That is, in the magnetically stabilized structure, a kind of plane in which the electron ordering structure is “abnormal” pins the major part of magnetic domain walls. The plane structure changes at 26 K and an ordinary structure of the magnetic domain is reconstructed drastically by the release of the magnetic domain walls from the plane.

Walls and lines in thick ferrimagnetic epilayers with canted magnetization

Magnetic domain structures of ferrimagnetic garnet epilayers with tilted easy axis have been investigated by means of optical microscopy (Faraday effect). Vertical or horizontal lines, generation of line pairs, conversion of a horizontal line into two vertical lines are observed. Vertical lines are seen to be associated with kinks on the wall's surface. A new kind of plane like magnetic structure has been observed. Its interaction with stripe heads is described and possible models of its structure are considered.

On the axioms of planes in quaternionic geometry

The axioms of planes in Riemannian geometry and Kaehlerian geometry have been largely studied. In this paper we study axioms for three kinds of planes in Quaternionic geometry: the axiom of quaternionic 4-planes, the axiom of half-quaternionic planes and the axiom of totally real planes. We also give a characterization of quaternionspaceforms in terms of the constancy of the totally real sectional curvatures.

The temperature dependence of metal work functions

The influence of thermal expansion of metals on the temperature dependence of the work function is considered. Both the temperature coefficient of the jellium work function and lattice corrections to the work function are calculated for (110), (100) and (111) planes of Al, and Pb. The calculation gives a negative temperature coefficient of the jellium work function for all metals and different signs of the total work function coefficient depending on the value of the core radius of the Ashcroft model potential and also on the kind of plane.

Quasigraphs

In the study of direct differential geometry, families of oriented arcs and curves have been employed extensively to define the differentiability of an arc at a point in various kinds of planes; cf. [2]. In [6], P. Scherk used lines in the projective plane; in [3] and [4], N. D. Lane and P. Scherk used circles in the conformai plane; conic-sections in the projective plane were employed in [5] and [7] by N. D. Lane and K. D. Singh; in [1], M. Gupta and N. D. Lane used the graphs of polynomials of degree at most n in the affine plane.

On the critical indices in the ising model

The especial interest in the Ising model reflected in the ever-increasing number of publications devoted to this subject is of course explained by the hope that it can be used to construct a microscopic theory of phase transitions of the second kind (see, in particular [5]). It is assumed that the physical situation in the immediate neighborhood of the critical temperature is not too sensitive to the details of the interaction between the particles and can be essentially understood in terms of the interaction of the nearest neighbors. However, even for the Ising model we have at our disposal relatively few exact results; these refer primarily to the behavior of the spontaneous magnetization and the specific heat in a vanishing magnetic field for different kinds of plane regular lattices [5, 6]. In 1965-1967 an attempt was therefore made to formulate and develop [3] an approach to the theory of phase transitions based on the hypothesis of critical indices, i.e., the exponents for IT - Tkl and fixed field H or for [H I and fixed temperature for the different thermodynamic quantities (see also below) that determine the asymptotic behavior of these quantities with respect to any particular variable.* Applied to the Ising model this made it possible to write down an equation of state [9] [see Eq. (40) below] and give a fairly detailed description of the experimental situation as regards Critical effects in magnets and gas-liquid systems [10]. The theoretical estimation of the critical indices and the determination of the relationships between them and also a comparison of the results obtained with the experimental data is of great topical interest. In the present paper we begin with some general definitions in w 1; we then establish a new inequality for the critical index C M (w 2). In w 3 we shall discuss the conclusions that can be drawn about the nature of the phase transition in systems with the Ising Hamiltonian if the results of the first two sections are combined with the condition of thermodynamic stability [4]. 1. The ~magnetic" Ising Hamiltonian is obtained from the Heisenberg Hamiltonian by neglecting in the latter the interaction of the transverse (Sf x and sfY) components of the spin operator and restricting the interaction to nearest neighbors:

Magnetic and Thermal Properties of an Antiferromagnetic Decorated Ising Lattice in Finite Magnetic Fields

We discuss in detail the magnetic and thermal properties of a certain kind of plane deco­ rated Ising lattice; that is, its interesting spin-ordering characteristics, such as the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization, the susceptibility and the heat capacity are investigated. These characteristics may be classified according to the ratio between two kinds of exchange coupling parameters. The system shows metamagnetism in certain cases. The characteristic magnetic field at which a logarithmic singularity takes place in the suscepti­ bility as well as the heat capacity is obtained as a function of temperature. In some cases two chracteristic fields are found below a certain temperature, above which only the one characteristic field survives up to a higher temperature. A number of typical curves which represent the relations of the magnetization, the magnetic susceptibility and the heat capacity with the magnetic field at a fixed temperature and with temperature at a fixed strength of magnetic field are investigated.

XI. Observations on Crystallogenesis

The number of planes is extremely variable in many crystals. Those of the same substance produced under modified conditions, even when issuing from the same solution, are occasionally very different in this respect. Generally the forms become less complicated and the number of planes diminishes, a certain number Of them definitely disappearing, during the crystal's increase in volume. Such transitory planes are very frequently defective in parallelism.Two kinds of planes may be distinguished on crystals of any system ; some which are constant, others which may be termed variable; the latter being occasionally wanting, are in other cases very numerous.