Kinds Of Logs Research Articles

Mechanical Properties of Machine Stress Graded Sawn Timber Depending on the Log Type

This article presents the results of tests conducted on Scots pine timber from three different kinds of logs: butt, middle and top. A planed pine timber batch composed of 510 pieces, dried to ca. 12% humidity, was machine-graded using a portable MTG device, and classified into the following classes: C18, C24, C30, C35 and C40 (according to EN 338:2016). During the second stage of the study, the timber was tested to determine its density, MOE and MOR, in accordance with EN 408:2012. We analyzed the impact of the timber’s log of origin on the results of machine strength grading and on the values of correlation coefficients between the tested properties. The results show, among others, that there is a correlation between the C classes and MOR of the tested timber, as well as its origin from butt, middle or top logs.

Correlation between the share of latewood and the density of sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region

Correlation between the share of latewood and the density of sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region. The paper describes the results of density measurements and the share of latewood in pine wood samples (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The samples were obtained from sawn timber from different kinds of log: butt, middle and top. The place from which the timber was obtained (three different log kinds) was taken into account when assessing the correlation between wood density and the share of latewood.

Comparison of speleothem fabrics and microstratigraphic stacking patterns in calcite stalagmites as indicators of paleoenvironmental change

In the necessary task of obtaining high-resolution paleoclimate series from speleothems, the characterization of their internal microstratigraphy is a useful tool for: a) improving geochronology, and b) reaching a more complete knowledge of the speleothem formation and evolution through time and thus obtaining additional paleoenvironmental information. However, the development of standardized methodologies for microstratigraphic characterization is a pending task. In this paper, two different approaches allow construction of microstratigraphic logs for three stalagmites retrieved from two different caves. The logs correspond to vertical variations in speleothem fabrics and in microstratigraphic stacking patterns. The “fabrics logs” essentially provide information about the drip rate (sometimes used as a precipitation proxy) and the regularity or irregularity of each drip in the short-term. The “microstratigraphic stacking patterns logs” can be interpreted to obtain information about the changes in drip rates in the mid- and long-term. The results show a broad correlation between both kinds of logs that supports their validity as paleoenvironmental proxies. Fabrics formed under relatively constant and regular drips (columnar compact, open and elongated) usually constitute aggradational or progradational microstratigraphic stacking patterns. On the other hand, retractional stacking patterns are usually related with fabrics precipitated under more irregular drips (dendritic and columnar microcrystalline). However, this relation is not rigid and the information obtained from the logs is not equivalent, but complementary. The combination of both logs allows reconstruction of the hydrological history for each drip site. As all the obtained information derives directly from the drip conditions, drip effects result to be very important and can, in some cases, overwhelm the paleoclimate information recorded in each stalagmite.

Rapid Increase in Log Populations in Drought-Stressed Mixed-Conifer and Ponderosa Pine Forests in Northern Arizona

Down logs provide important ecosystem services in forests and affect surface fuel loads and fire behavior. Amounts and kinds of logs are influenced by factors such as forest type, disturbance regime, forest management, and climate. To quantify potential short-term changes in log populations during a recent global- climate-change type drought, we sampled logs in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in northern Arizona in 2004 and 2009 (n = 53 and 60 1-ha plots in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, respectively). Over this short time interval, density of logs, log volume, area covered by logs, and total length of logs increased significantly in both forest types. Increases in all log parameters were greater in mixed-conifer than in ponderosa pine forest, and spatial variability was pronounced in both forest types. These results document rapid increases in log populations in mixed-conifer forest, with smaller changes observed in ponderosa pine forest. These increases were driven by climate-mediated tree mortality which created a pulse in log input, rather than by active forest management. The observed increases will affect wildlife habitat, surface fuel loads, and other ecosystem processes. These changes are likely to continue if climate change results in increased warmth and aridity as predicted, and may require shifts in management emphasis.

Research of Log System for IP Network Storage

As there are many kinds of logs and format, and it is difficult to view and manage the logs, how to view and manage the logs efficiently and effectively has become a crucial issue. At the same time, it is important for the log manager to get the record of user operation and system running, how the log manager view and manage these records proper is of particular importance. However, design and realization of the log management system for IP network storage (StorLog) has solved these problems. StorLog supports kinds of logs, like system logs, web logs, file system logs, storage logs and etc. It can protect log files effectively, rotate logs automatically, support remote backup and recovery, and support advanced research. The practical application shows that StorLog can not only view logs efficiently and manage and storage system logs conveniently, but also it is simple in function and easy to install and use, therefore, it greatly improves work efficiency and resource utilization of system.

A Model for Classifying and Interpreting Logs of Boreholes that Intersect Faults in Stratified Rocks (1)

A model reveals eleven fundamental relationships between the character of well logs and the geometry of borehole-strata-fault (BSF) intersections. Within limits, the model has two important practical applications. First, it provides a convenient way to classify logs of boreholes that intersect faults in stratified rocks. The different kinds of logs are given names, which can be used in informal and formal discourse to succinctly describe faulted logs. Second, the model can be used to interpret the geometry of BSF intersections directly from well logs. Knowledge of BSF geometry can be useful in interpreting faults in the broader contexts of local and regional geologic structure. Persons involved in highly deviated and horizontal boreholes should find the model particular y helpful.