Kinds Of Lesions Research Articles

CMNet: Cascaded context fusion and multi-attention network for multiple lesion segmentation of diabetic retinopathy images

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in humans, and regular screening is helpful to early detection and containment of DR. Therefore, automated and accurate lesion segmentation is crucial for DR grading and diagnosis. However, it is full of challenges due to complex structures, inconsistent scales and blurry edges of different kinds of lesions. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a cascaded context fusion and multi-attention network (CMNet) for multiple lesion segmentation of DR images. The CMNet includes triple attention module (TAM), cascaded context fusion module (CFM) and balanced attention module (BAM). Firstly, TAM is proposed to extract channel attention, spatial attention and pixel-point attention features for addition fusion to ensure selectivity and consistency of information representation. Moreover, CFM applies adaptive average pooling and non-local operation to capture local and global contextual features for concatenation fusion to expand the receptive field of lesions. Finally, BAM computes foreground, background and boundary attention maps of lesions, as well as uses Squeeze-and-Excitation block to weigh the feature channels and rebalance attention of three regions to make the network focus on the edge details for fine segmentation. We performed comprehensive comparison experiments and ablation studies on three public datasets of DDR, IDRiD and E-Ophtha, and mAUC of four lesions segmentation reached 0.6765, 0.7466 and 0.6710, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms current state-of-the-arts, which overcomes the adverse interference of background noise, and preserves contour details for realizing precise segmentation of multi-scale lesion.

Unveiling the Pathological Mechanisms of Death Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Viral Pneumonia.

In this comprehensive study of 15 deceased patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, spanning a time frame of 1 to 68 days from confirmation to death, autopsies were meticulously conducted with stringent safety measures. Clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and molecular analyses were integrated, shedding light on diverse pulmonary lesions, including acute inflammatory changes, vascular abnormalities, and aberrant regenerative processes. Immunohistochemical analysis, utilizing various markers, successfully identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen within infected tissue cells and also revealed what type of inflammatory cells are involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Molecular investigations through rt-qPCR revealed the persistent presence and varying quantities of viral genes, even after 68 days. Moreover, the viral nucleocapsid was present even in patients who died after 50 days of infection onset. Employing statistical analyses such as Chi-square and phi coefficient tests, significant associations among microscopic lesions and their correlation with molecular and immunohistochemical findings were elucidated. We could draw a map of what kind of lesions were a direct consequence of viral invasion and what lesions where secondary to the acute immunological response. This integrative approach enhances our understanding of the intricate relationships between pathological features, providing valuable insights into the multifaceted landscape of COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Utilization of texture features of volumetric ADC maps in differentiating between serous cystadenoma and intraductal papillary neoplasms.

The rising incidence of incidental detection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms has compelled radiologists to determine new diagnostic methods for the differentiation of various kinds of lesions. We aim to demonstrate the utility of texture features extracted from ADC maps in differentiating intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) from serous cystadenomas (SCA). This retrospective study was performed on 136 patients (IPMN = 87, SCA = 49) split into testing and training datasets. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted from volumetric contours drawn by an expert radiologist on ADC maps of the lesions. LASSO regression analysis was used to determine the most predictive set of features and a radiomics score was developed based on their respective coefficients. A hyper-optimized support vector machine was then utilized to classify the lesions based on their radiomics score. A total of four Wavelet features (LHL/GLCM/LCM2, HLL/GLCM/LCM2, /LLL/First Order/90percent, /LLL/GLCM/MCC) were selected from all of the features to be included in our classifier. The classifier was optimized by altering hyperparameters and the trained model was applied to the validation dataset. The model achieved a sensitivity of 92.8, specificity of 90%, and an AUC of 0.97 in the training data set, and a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 66.7%, and AUC of 0.90 in the testing dataset. A support vector machine model trained and validated on volumetric texture features extracted from ADC maps showed the possible beneficence of these features in differentiating IPMNs from SCAs. These results are in line with previous regarding the role of ADC maps in classifying cystic lesions and offers new evidence regarding the role of texture features in differentiation of potentially neoplastic and benign lesions.

Proposed operative approach in a critical area of the brain stem

Backgroundand Importance:The surgical approach to the medulla oblongata poses a significant challenge for neurosurgery, considering the clinical consequences and risks of this procedure. The authors describe a step-by-step technique to safely extirpate a cavernous malformation within the hypoglossal trigone with minimal risk of neurological deficits.Clinical Presentation: In a young 33-year-old patient was identified a lesion in the center of the medulla oblongata. Complete resection of the cavernous malformation through the hypoglossal trigone was performed with an improvement of all symptoms. The key surgical tip is to dissect the lesion between the posterior median sulcus and the sulcus limitans avoiding the vagal trigone. ConclusionSurgical approach through the hypoglossal trigone appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of medulla oblongata cavernomas. The entry zone through the dorsomedial sulcus of the hypoglossal trigone with a meticulous delicate microsurgical technique is the key to success with these kinds of lesions.

Recurrent Granuloma in the Nose: A Diagnostic Challenge

Recurrent granulomatous lesions in the facial region are difficult to diagnose. High-resolution dermatological ultrasound it´s an important key to the proper diagnostic orientation in this kind of lesions, by allowing the identification of its etiological factor and establishing the precise anatomical relationships for its proper intervention. We present the case of a young patient with a recurrent granuloma in the nasal ala whose correct diagnosis was made with high-resolution dermatological ultrasound, facilitating the successful treatment.

High failure rate after medial meniscus bucket handle tears repair in the stable knee

BackgroundIt is nowadays recommended to “Save the meniscus“. This paradigm is based on the affirmation that an extended meniscectomy exposes to the risk of long-term secondary osteoarthritis and the global failure rate of a longitudinal tear repair remains low, whether it is the medial or lateral meniscus, with or without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, each kind of lesion has to be studied separate. PurposeThe study aimed to focus on a homogeneous population of isolated repair of the bucket handle tear (BHT) of the medial meniscus (MM) in patients with stable knees to evaluate failure rate at a minimum of three years of follow-up. The secondary objectives were to evaluate any risk factors or protective factors of failure, clinical outcomes, and secondary amount of meniscectomy in failure cases compared to the amount of meniscus fixed in the first surgery. MethodsAll patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a BHT of the MM situated in the red-on-red or red-on white (RW) zone on a stable knee between January 2010 and December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Failure was defined as a need for reoperation for recurrence of meniscal symptoms (pain, locking) on the medial side with per-operative confirmation of the absence of healing. The following parameters were studied: demographics (age, gender, BMI), time from injury to surgery, clinical scores (Tegner, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC]), surgical findings (extent and zone of the tear), surgical management (number and type of suture). ResultsThirty-nine patients were included. The mean follow-up was 77.2±24.4 [36–141] months. Twenty-seven (69%) failures were recorded. In 56% (15/27) of the reoperations, the meniscectomy amount was smaller than what it would have been done in the first surgery. All clinical scores improved significantly from pre- to post-operatively; all patients met minimal clinically important differences for all the scores. No risk factors were found significant in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionRepairing an isolated BHT of the MM is associated with a high failure rate. Despite the failure, we observed that the meniscectomy area was smaller than documented in the primary surgery in most of the cases and repair must still be considered as the first option. Level of evidenceIV; retrospective cohort series.

Cone-beam CT imaging features of common cystic lesions associated with the impacted mandibular third molar

Objective: To analyze the imaging features of cone-beam CT (CBCT) of ameloblastoma (AB), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cysts (DC) associated with the mandibular impacted third molars,so as to provide useful information for differential diagnosis of these lesions. Methods: The patients who were with complete clinical data, pathological diagnosis and CBCT images from AB, OKC and DC around the mandibular impacted third molars were collected in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from August 2016 to December 2021. A total of 109 patients (14 were diagnosed as AB, 23 were diagnosed as OKC and the others were diagnosed as dental cysts) were collected, including 73 males and 36 females. The age ranged from 11 to 70. The analyzed imaging features included location and internal density of the lesions, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and types of the impacted teeth. The Chi square test was used to compare the gender of different lesions, and the Fisher's exact test was used to compare imaging features of lesions. When P<0.05, there was a significant difference among the three. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the imaging features that significantly contribute to correct imaging diagnosis. Corresponding P-values were calculated for all factors from multivariate models. Results: In the 23 cases of OKC, no special location was observed for the center of the lesion, heterogeneous high-density were seen in 21.7% of the cases, 56.5% of the cases had no significant bone expansion and the impacted teeth were not specially oriented. Among the 14 AB, 7 cases (7/14) were mainly located in the ramus of the mandible, and all cases (14/14) had buccal/lingual expansion of the jaw, 8 cases (8/14) presented root resorption of the adjacent teeth, and mesial impacted mandibular third molar were seen in 6 cases (6/14). Among the 72 DC, 88.9% (64/72) of the cases were mainly limited to the crown of the impacted third molar, 72.2% (52/72) of the cases had no obvious bone expansion, inverted impacted teeth were shown in 56.9% (41/72) of the cases. There was a significant difference among the three groups (χ2=7.30, P=0.026) in gender. AB and odontogenic cyst were more common in men than in women, while the incidence of OKC was roughly equal between men and women.There were significant differences in the location (P<0.001), internal density (P=0.001) of the lesions, bone expansion (P<0.001) and types of the impacted teeth (P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found for root resorption of adjacent teeth (P=0.153). Logistics regression analysis showed that the location of the lesion, internal density, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and the types of impacted teeth had significant effects on the accurate diagnosis of the three kinds of lesions. Conclusions: Location, internal density, bone expansion and types of the impacted teeth played an important role in the correct imaging diagnosis. Further analysis indicates that when the classification of impacted teeth and the location of lesions are considered synchronously, DC can be differentiated from AB and OKC.

Abstract 2422: In vivo pilot study of the effect of EGCG in photodynamic therapy on non melanoma skin cancer

Abstract Non-melanoma skin cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cancer in humans worldwide. Solar UV radiation is main risk factor to NSCLC developing in areas such as the face, neck, arms, etc. Basal cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), such as actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, etc. can be treated with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). PDT consists of applying a cream containing a photosensitizer on the skin lesion, to then being irradiated with light at a specific wavelength. The most used PS in skin cancer is methyl aminolevulinate (MAL). Light excites the photosensitizer, which interacts with intracellular O2, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering cancer cell death. One of the main advantages of PDT is that it offers satisfactory cosmetic results. However, its effectiveness is variable. Our previous results, using a PDT-resistant SCC cell model, showed that the addition of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to PDT has a potentiated effect, killing 100% of these cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of an EGCG-enhanced cream for PDT on squamous cell carcinoma lesions in an animal model.A two-step chemical carcinogenesis protocol (DMBA/TPA) was used in male and female mice of the Balb/c strain (21 animals). Once the animals developed the desired lesions, they were randomly separated into three groups. The first group received conventional cream (MAL 20%), the second group cream A (MAL 20% + EGCG 1%) and the third group B cream (MAL 20% + EGCG 3%). PDT was performed as follows: cream was applied for 4 hours on the lesion and then protected from the light with a patch. Subsequently, the excess cream was removed and the lesions were irradiated with 630 nm red light. The lesions were followed up for one month, measuring the size of the tumor and taking a final biopsy.We successfully develop an in vivo model of NSCLC using chemical inducers. Mice develops two kind of lesions: plane and/or papillar. All mice were treated with PDT using the three different formulations. Lesions reduced its size until a 50% more when treated with PDT plus EGCG. Formulation B (MAL 20% + EGCG 3%), was the most effective, given it had a greater on the relative reduction of the volume of the lesion. In conclusion, this in vivo pilot study evidences the enhancing effect of EGCG on PDT, encouraging the pursue to continue with the investigations on this matter, in order to improve the PDT and the quality of life of skin cancer patients. Citation Format: Carmen Gloria Ili, Daniela Leon, Maria Elena Reyes, Kurt Buchegger, Francisca Acevedo-Canala, Pablo Guzman, Claudia Nicklas, Cecicia Orlandi, Priscilla Brebi. In vivo pilot study of the effect of EGCG in photodynamic therapy on non melanoma skin cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2422.

Mesenteric Teratoma in Adult Female: a Rare Case

Mesenteric teratomas are considered rare intra-abdominal tumors with minimum clinical symptoms, which turn difficult their preoperative diagnosis. They represent a poorly studied pathology that has been established with 1 in 26,794 to 250,000 frequency of hospital admissions. It is not frequent to think about this kind of lesion in a preoperative period, and the symptoms it presents can be very ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, we present a case of acute abdomen, in a 65-year-old Mexican woman, in which a mesenteric teratoma was obtained as a surgical finding. Sixty-five-year-old woman who presented a clinical picture of abdominal pain and distention, nausea and constipation, and absence of gas channelling in the last 24 h. After 48 h of conservative management, without favorable results and with a diagnosis of acute abdomen, surgery was entered to perform exploratory laparotomy and an intraoperative finding of mesenteric teratoma was made. Two ovoid specimens were extracted and sent to the pathology area, who confirms the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma. Teratoma is commonly a germ cell tumor that originates in the gonads and is detected in women of reproductive age. This is extremely rare, with an estimated 21 cases reported to date. Despite the low frequency, it is suggested to consider these teratomas in the differential diagnosis against other pathologies, especially if they do not show a very clear data.

Clinical features of capsule endoscopy in young adults: A single-center retrospective study.

Background and AimCapsule endoscopy (CE) has been used in clinical examination among people of various ages, while few studies exclusively focused on the young. We aimed to explore its clinical features in young adults and those with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).MethodsA total of 479 young adults aged 18–44 years were analyzed, with median age of 33 years. Primary positive findings of patients were classified into four kinds of lesions, and potential risk of bleeding among patients with OGIB was assessed based on Saurin classification (P0‐2 lesions).ResultsThe overall completion rate and diagnostic yield of CE among young adults were 89.77 and 77.04%, respectively. Significant differences were found among overall completion rate/diagnostic yield and inpatient status/CE brand. Positive diagnostic yield among 157 patients with OGIB was 51.59% (P1‐2 lesions), and the significant risk of bleeding was 37.04% (P2 lesions). Among patients with OGIB in which 134 patients with a total of 216 lesions, ulceration was the commonest P2 lesions, followed by angioectasia and telangiectasia. Inpatient rate, completion rate, and diagnostic yield were higher among patients with overt OGIB, and disease categories of overt OGIB were different compared with occult OGIB.ConclusionCE is an optimal tool for discovering lesions in young adults and could play a role in evaluating the bleeding risk of young adults with OGIB.

Acute angle deformity: A special local lesion of chest wall bone structures

Acute angle deformity is a special concept that we proposed, which refers to a special local lesion in thoracic deformity. This kind of lesion is a serious local pathological change, which cannot be treated by conventional surgery, and it must be corrected by special technology. This article introduces the characteristics and treatment of this deformity.

Reoperation after failure of Nuss procedure on Wenlin chest with Poland syndrome

Wenlin chest is a rare congenital thoracic deformity, which may be combined with other deformities. Because its main lesions are the protrusion and depression of the anterior chest wall, if only one kind of lesions is treated, the deformity will not be corrected completely, and the operation may fail. We met a 20-year-old female patient with Wenlin chest and Poland syndrome who underwent Nuss procedure two years before. The operation was unsuccessful, and the patient still had serious deformity. We performed the reoperation for her, and satisfactory results were obtained.

Evidence of Conformational Changes in the Structure of Y‐Family Human Polymerase Kappa

Y‐family DNA polymerases, unlike replicative DNA polymerases, are enzymes characterized by their ability to bypass DNA lesions and continue extension of damaged DNA via Translesion Synthesis (TLS). One such polymerase, human polymerase kappa (Pol κ), can efficiently bypass minor groove adducts, most notably N2‐furfuryl‐deoxy‐guanosine (N2‐ffdG), but it is inhibited by major groove adducts such as O6‐methylated‐deoxy‐guanosine (O6‐Met‐dG). Pol k is composed of five domains including its novel N‐clasp domain, as well as the thumb, palm, fingers, and little finger (polymerase associated domain or PAD) domains which are found across Y‐family polymerases. The specificity that Pol κ demonstrates is thought to be related to Y‐family polymerases having smaller finger domains when compared to replicative DNA polymerases thus limiting major groove contact, while Pol κ’s PAD and catalytic core move to open the minor groove side. It is believed that Pol κ and its Escherichia colianalogue, DinB (DNA polymerase IV), undergo one of two conformational changes, open or closed, in their active site loops when in contact with undamaged DNA or minor groove adducts. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we examined conformational changes and utilized RMSD analysis to observe activity within Pol κ’s domains across three different Pol κ ternary structures in the presence of different templating lesions and their correct incoming nucleotides. These structures include, one with a minor groove N2‐furfuryl‐deoxy‐guanosine adduct (FDG for short), one with a major groove O6‐methylated‐deoxy‐guanosine adduct, and finally one with a mutation of a residue in Pol κ’s PAD (R507K) with an FDG lesion on the DNA templating strand. All systems were solvated using CHARMMgui, minimized, equilibrated, and run for 110 ns with NAMD, and observed in VMD. Our findings support that Pol κ exists in two conformations, which depend on the kind of lesion on the DNA and/or the incoming nucleotide. In particular, the movement is concentrated in the N‐clasp and fingers domains. Some residues which seem important for this transition are N52, M135, N464, and R507. Interestingly, kinetics studies have already identified some of these same residues as important for extension. Our MD studies give an atomistic explanation of why such residues are crucial for the correct functioning of this protein.

Effect of deep transfer learning with a different kind of lesion on classification performance of pre-trained model: Verification with radiolucent lesions on panoramic radiographs.

The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of training with a different kind of lesion on the performance of a target model. A total of 310 patients (211 men, 99 women; average age, 47.9±16.1 years) were selected and their panoramic images were used in this study. We created a source model using panoramic radiographs including mandibular radiolucent cyst-like lesions (radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma). The model was simulatively transferred and trained on images of Stafne's bone cavity. A learning model was created using a customized DetectNet built in the Digits version 5.0 (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA). Two machines (Machines A and B) with identical specifications were used to simulate transfer learning. A source model was created from the data consisting of ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, and radicular cyst in Machine A. Thereafter, it was transferred to Machine B and trained on additional data of Stafne's bone cavity to create target models. To investigate the effect of the number of cases, we created several target models with different numbers of Stafne's bone cavity cases. When the Stafne's bone cavity data were added to the training, both the detection and classification performances for this pathology improved. Even for lesions other than Stafne's bone cavity, the detection sensitivities tended to increase with the increase in the number of Stafne's bone cavities. This study showed that using different lesions for transfer learning improves the performance of the model.

Three-Year Perspective Study on American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) Received for Rehabilitation in a Facility in Southern Brazil

The American kestrel is a common bird of prey across Brazil and is abundant in many regions of the country. Kestrels are also found in urban areas, which predispose them to anthropogenic threats. Some threats that wild raptors face around the world include electrocution, barbed-wire lesions, shooting, collision with artificial structures, and vehicle-related accidents. Raptors are often brought to veterinary clinics with traumatic lesions arising from such threats. Infectious diseases are also a primary reason for raptors to be brought to veterinary facilities as well as nestlings and young those are found outside the nest or young. The aim of our study was to report the frequency and causes of injuries in American kestrels (F. sparverius) received at a rehabilitation facility in southern Brazil. We evaluated data collected from 2019 to 2021 for a total of 82 individuals, including 47 adults and 35 juveniles, which composed 57.3% and 35% of our dataset, respectively. We found that physical trauma was the main reason for admission (61% or 50/82 of all cases we examined). Traumatic injuries included bone fractures, traumatic brain injury, lacerations, and different kinds of lesions. Juveniles with no signs of trauma or diseases represented the second main cause of admission to the rehabilitation facility (28% or 23/82 individuals). Most individuals were admitted to the rehabilitation clinic in December (37.8%), followed by November (20.7%) and January (4.6%). We found that the outcomes of rehabilitation were generally positive. Of the 82 individuals received, 44 (53%) were released back to the wild, 20 (24%) were euthanized for humane reasons and 19 (23%) died as a result of their injuries or illness. Future work on the frequency of anthropogenically-induced injuries and illnesses will help shed more light on rehabilitation strategies that lead to successful outcomes for raptor species.

Hiperplasias gengivais medicamentosas revisão da literatura, discussão, tratamento e caso clínico

The drug induced gingival hyperplasias are abnormalities induced by the use of specific kinds of drugs (Phenytoin, Nifedipine, Cyclosporine), associated to the presence of local irritant factors (dental plaque, calculus). The proposal of the author in this article is to present, discuss and show the essential aspects of each kind of drug induced hyperplasias described, considering clinical and histological manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of them, and present the difierential diagnosis of this kind of lesion compared to other abnormalities that have similar clinical conditions. ls also showed one case, treated at FO-UFRGS, where the diagnosis and the treatment of one gingival hyperplasia induced by Nifedipine are shown and executed, and the results described.

Diffculties and ways to overcome them in selection of therapy for pain syndromes in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to various body systems, including the peripheral nervous system. The main variants of peripheral nerve damage in diabetes mellitus are considered. Information on the development of this kind of lesion, in particular, on the formation of neuropathic pain syndrome, is given. The therapeutic possibilities of drugs from various pharmacological groups for the treatment of patients with neurological complications of diabetes are analyzed.

EAD-Net: A Novel Lesion Segmentation Method in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Neural Networks.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common chronic fundus disease, which has four different kinds of microvessel structure and microvascular lesions: microaneurysms (MAs), hemorrhages (HEs), hard exudates, and soft exudates. Accurate detection and counting of them are a basic but important work. The manual annotation of these lesions is a labor-intensive task in clinical analysis. To solve the problem, we proposed a novel segmentation method for different lesions in DR. Our method is based on a convolutional neural network and can be divided into encoder module, attention module, and decoder module, so we refer it as EAD-Net. After normalization and augmentation, the fundus images were sent to the EAD-Net for automated feature extraction and pixel-wise label prediction. Given the evaluation metrics based on the matching degree between detected candidates and ground truth lesions, our method achieved sensitivity of 92.77%, specificity of 99.98%, and accuracy of 99.97% on the e_ophtha_EX dataset and comparable AUPR (Area under Precision-Recall curve) scores on IDRiD dataset. Moreover, the results on the local dataset also show that our EAD-Net has better performance than original U-net in most metrics, especially in the sensitivity and F1-score, with nearly ten percent improvement. The proposed EAD-Net is a novel method based on clinical DR diagnosis. It has satisfactory results on the segmentation of four different kinds of lesions. These effective segmentations have important clinical significance in the monitoring and diagnosis of DR.

Management of gingival cyst of a newborn: a case report with epidemiological data.

Introduction: Gingival cyst also known as Dental Lamina cyst. They form small nodules or cysts on the alveolar ridge, each up to 2 mm in diameter. They are considered to be due to proliferation of the epithelial rests of Serres but can arise on the lateral aspects of the ridge and the crest. They are considered to be benign lesions which usually are present on the alveolar ridge and are often mistaken as neonatal tooth.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this case report is to enlist and describe the diagnostic features and management of the gingival cyst of newborn, as these kind of lesions can cause anxiety and fear among the parents. It is important to diagnose these conditions in order to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions and provide adequate care and proper knowledge to the parents.&#x0D; Method: This is a case study of asymptomatic gingival cyst which was present in a newborn at the time of birth on the lower alveolar ridge. Diagnosis of this keratin filled small cystic lesion was made on the basis of clinical history and oral findings.&#x0D; Conclusion: Gingival cyst of infants are transient lesions. No definitive treatment was given but the patient was kept on follow-up for 3 months during which the lesion regressed by itself.&#x0D; Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 23-25

A new PLA-Tween composited drug-carrying C60-Fe3O4 multifunctional ultrasound contrast agent based on three kinds of lesions.

A PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubble was designed and prepared. Using Fe3O4 as a targeting factor and C60 as a drug carrier, warfarin (WF), netimixin (NET) and doxorubicin (DOX) respectively were loaded on a C60–Fe3O4 complex through π–π conjugate effect, and C60–Fe3O4–WF, C60–Fe3O4–NET and C60–Fe3O4–DOX targeted drug-loading complexes were obtained. The three drug-loading complexes were respectively combined into PLA and Tween membrane material, PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–DOX microbubbles, PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–NET microbubbles and PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–WF microbubbles were obtained, respectively. The average particle size of PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles was 446.4 nm, the microbubble size was uniform, and the Zeta potential was −40.5 mV which showed a good stability. The loading rates of DOX, NET and WF in PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles were 5.58%, 8.15% and 3.37%, respectively. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–DOX microbubbles could inhibit the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and normal mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells, the inhibition rates were respectively 53.4% and 18.6%, which significantly reduced the toxicity of free DOX drug on the normal cells (62.2%). PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–NET microbubbles had a inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was better. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–WF microbubbles could inhibit the formation of thrombus, and PT, TT and APTT were significantly prolonged. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles had a developing effect on the kidney, bladder and abdominal aorta of rabbit. Under the action of external magnetic field, the ultrasonic imaging effect of composite microbubbles was significantly enhanced.