Kinds Of Facts Research Articles

Doxastic Partiality and the Puzzle of Enticing Right Action

It is common to think that our intimates are required to help us. But it can be problematic to appeal to certain kinds of facts (e.g., previous favors or prudentially relevant facts) in order to entice them to help us—even when those facts provide them with sufficient or decisive reason to help us. This is puzzling because, in these cases, our intimates have sufficient or decisive reason to act in the way we are trying to entice them to act. Moreover, it generally seems more problematic to appeal to certain kinds of facts (e.g., previous favors or prudentially relevant facts) in order to entice our intimates to do things that help us than it is to appeal to these facts in order to entice nonintimates to perform the same actions. This too is puzzling because one is usually permitted to ask more from one's intimates than non-intimates. I argue that these enticements are intuitively problematic because they indicate that one violates a demand of good intimate relationships. In particular, they indicate that one violates a demand for a certain kind of doxastic partiality; that is, one should trust one's intimates to follow what one's intimates know are demands of good intimate relationships. More specifically, one fails to trust one's intimates to be sufficiently motivated to protect or promote one's needs, desires, interests, projects, and well-being for one's own sake. Making such requests of nonintimates is not usually intuitively problematic because one is not required to trust non-intimates to be motivated in this way.

Pós-verdade ou pós-acadêmico: a transformação da ciência e a obsolescência da "realidade"

Abstract Discussions of post-truth typically appeal to a notion of science as objective and therefore non-ideological. Objectivity has been attacked as itself an ideology, and a large literature has developed which claims that there are alternative “epistemologies” which reveal facts which this ideology excludes. The focus on the question what is a fact leads to “post-truth: this question is in turn treated as ideological. But this is misleading in two ways. One is that the kinds of facts that are supposed to be added by these alternative epistemologies have been part of sociology all along. The disagreement is not about facts, but about affirming the validity of viewpoints. Another is that sociology problematizes ideology itself, without affirming any ideology. This approach provides its own discipline: we come to understand what something like “oppression” means, and means for the people involved, in terms of the difference between our assumptions and practices, from our living life, and theirs.

PENANAMAN MANGROVE DI PANTAI MEKO DESA PLEDO SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN ABRASI

Climate change, which is increasingly erratic, is a natural phenomenon that needs to be addressed. It is this kind of fact that should invite all parties to how to respond to such natural phenomena, especially the government as an agent of service and development. In line with such climate change, innovation in ecosystems in various aspects of human life has to be increasingly eroded and one of them is the threat to the sea. One of the alternatives for preserving marine ecosystems is innovation in sea reforestation. Mangrove which is a marine plant as a retention barrier for the potential for sand to erode and prevent abrasion is one of the superior alternatives. Mangrove forest ecosystem is an important habitat for biodiversity and as a coast guard from abrasion. This activity aims to increase public awareness about the importance of mangroves in preventing abrasion, especially in Meko Hamlet. This activity involved all village officials, youth youth organizations and residents of Meko Hamlet and MBKM students. In general, this activity went smoothly and was attended with quite high enthusiasm. It is hoped that with this activity, the community can understand and take advantage of the great benefits possessed by mangroves and prevent villages from abrasion. Mangrove planting as a prevention effort is an option that can be offered to Meko beach conservation, Pledo Village, Witihama District – East Adonara.

„Das Ethische ist kein Sachverhalt“

Abstract “The ethical is no fact of the matter.” On Wittgenstein’s ethical paradox discusses Wittgenstein’s “Lecture on Ethics” of 1929. In this lecture to the Heretics Society at Cambridge he proposes an ethical paradox based on two incompatible types of facts, the natural facts offered by science and the supernatural facts, which he claims to be the core of ethics. The paradox is partly due to his Tractarian belief that ethics has no descriptive content. Yet, although it has no descriptive content the ethical is represented by a feeling which has a metaphysical and an undeniable factual character too, as Wittgenstein claims. This kind of fact is his personal, private if not solipsistic feeling. The paper tries to clarify this highly controversial type of feeling. It seems probable that the change from the Tractatus to the Philosophical Investigations resolves the ethical paradox along the new therapeutical lines of PU. It is argued that this is not the case. The content of the ethical paradox remains unchanged.

Penerapan E- Government Melalui Kebijakan Teknologi, Informasi dan Komunikasi Berbasis Website Desa di Kecamatan Lemito Kabupaten Pohuwato

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of a government system (e-government) based on village websites by utilizing information and communication technology to achieve government accountability, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency of village governments in Lemito District. The type of research used in this study uses a qualitative approach which has natural characteristics (natural setting) as a direct data source, because a qualitative approach can reveal various kinds of facts and conditions that occur. Data collection techniques where researchers use various types of data collection where actions are carried out, namely observation (observation), interviews (interviews), documentation and triangulation (combination). Based on the results of research analysis in Lemito District, Pohuwato Regency, the implementation of e-government has not been carried out optimally, where it has not utilized what has become the policy expectation regarding the use of technology, information and communication related to transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency of village government. The village government system in Lemito District still uses a manual system for public services without taking advantage of technological developments, in this case the village website. The existence of a system that is still completely manual results in slow service and is still left behind from the current developments in achieving electronic government.

Neurovedy, sloboda a determinizmus. Tomáš Akvinský v dialógu so súčasnými vedami o človeku

Is human freedom only an illusion and we are determined by all kinds of facts that exclude our freedom? According to some thinkers, the results of Benjamin Libet’s experiments seem to prove this. More effectively than any arguments of science, the existence of free human actions can be questioned by philosophical theses, above all by various doctrines of determinism. In an interdisciplinary dialogue, we will try to answer some postulates of the natural and human sciences with the arguments of Thomas Aquinas, according to which the human will is ordered to the general good, which is what determines it. However, every particular good is limited and not good from some point of view. That is why our choice of a specific good is not determined. Reason frees our will from the necessity of always following some individual good, and keeps it open to the complete and universal good.

Gender Equality in Food Security in Pandansari Lor Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency, East Java Province

There are certainly many issues about gender that have been spread, with various kinds of facts being presented and exposed so that various types of scientific perspectives have emerged discussing gender. As if in rhythm but not in line with the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which adheres to a democratized government system, of course, the results will not be the same in terms of gender discussions which are influenced by many faktors, even though countries in Asia, Africa and America both adhere to the notion of the same system of government that is democratic.The establishment of gender equality can certainly be determined by several faktors, if it occurs in the plurality of society in Indonesia with the high level of culture and the breadth of the geographical sector, a new perspective is required, namely the perspective of geographical conditions.The results of this study indicate that gender equality can be built fairly due to certain geographical faktors, but does not rule out biological, religious and cultural constructions. In fact, other results related to forms of gender discrimination such as marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence, double burden, were not found.

The Antithesis Dualities in the Poetry "Bunyat Al-Takween and Roya Al-Tashkeel" A Critical Approach of the Poetry of Amr Bin Laja Al-Taymi

In the guidance of this critical approach, it becomes clear to the researcher the reality of what poetry is, as it is the literary genre that is firmly rooted in the collective memory, and the most profound in depicting the various kinds of facts. Things and facts that were hidden under his cloak. The research was organized in two sections, the first of which was characterized by (opposing dualities in poetry, the structure of composition and the vision of formation, and it dealt with the nature of the contradiction, its stylistic structure, and its views among critics and its concepts, ancient and modern, in a way that reveals its importance to us, and describes its presence in the poetic text in general . As for the second topic, it came as an application of critical approaches that dealt with the topic of contradiction in the structure of a pre-Islamic poetic text, the poetry of Amr bin Laja al-Taymi, by picking up his antonyms in a group of his poems achieved by the late scholar Dr. Yahya al-Jubouri within a large series of eyes of pre-Islamic Arabic poetry.

MODES OF THE BOOSTER TRANSFORMER WITHREGULATION IN ZIGZAG

The development of power engineering assumes the increasing flexibility of power networks through the use of various kinds of FACTS, controlled by means of power electronics and being elements of the Smart Grid. These kinds of devices can be attributed to controllers such as UPFS and „Sen” Transformer (ST), which provide regulation of voltage and power flows in networks. Due to the relevance of this topic, technical solutions are proposed that perform similar functions, which implies the need for a comparative analysis of such developments in order to optimize energy characteristics of the equipment. The scope of the paper is to develop and study a regulating transformer which belongs to the „Sen” family, but possessing the extended range and higher control accuracy. Carrying out research, mode parameters of the device were treated, as well as typical power was determined.

Miasmas, mental models and preventive public health: some philosophical reflections on science in the COVID-19 pandemic.

When the history of the COVID-19 pandemic is written, it is likely to show that the mental models held by scientists sometimes facilitated their thinking, thereby leading to lives saved, and at other times constrained their thinking, thereby leading to lives lost. This paper explores some competing mental models of how infectious diseases spread and shows how these models influenced the scientific process and the kinds of facts that were generated, legitimized and used to support policy. A central theme in the paper is the relative weight given by dominant scientific voices to probabilistic arguments based on experimental measurements versus mechanistic arguments based on theory. Two examples are explored: the cholera epidemic in nineteenth century London—in which the story of John Snow and the Broad Street pump is retold—and the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and early 2021—in which the evidence-based medicine movement and its hierarchy of evidence features prominently. In each case, it is shown that prevailing mental models—which were assumed by some to transcend theory but were actually heavily theory-laden—powerfully shaped both science and policy, with fatal consequences for some.

Explanations of Research Misconduct, and How They Hang Together

In this paper, we explore different possible explanations for research misconduct (especially falsification and fabrication), and investigate whether they are compatible. We suggest that to explain research misconduct, we should pay attention to three factors: (1) the beliefs and desires of the misconductor, (2) contextual affordances, (3) and unconscious biases or influences. We draw on the three different narratives (individual, institutional, system of science) of research misconduct as proposed by Sovacool to review six different explanations. Four theories start from the individual: Rational Choice theory, Bad Apple theory, General Strain Theory and Prospect Theory. Organizational Justice Theory focuses on institutional factors, while New Public Management targets the system of science. For each theory, we illustrate the kinds of facts that must be known in order for explanations based on them to have minimal plausibility. We suggest that none can constitute a full explanation. Finally, we explore how the different possible explanations interrelate. We find that they are compatible, with the exception of explanations based on Rational Choice Theory and Prospect Theory respectively, which are incompatible with one another. For illustrative purposes we examine the case of Diederik Stapel.

A kind route from grounding to fundamentality

I offer an account of fundamentality for facts in terms of metaphysical grounding. The account does justice to the idea that whether a fact is absolutely fundamental, and whether a fact is more fundamental than, or as fundamental as, another fact, are a matter of where in a grounding-induced hierarchy of kinds of facts these facts appear.

System to Track Access in Digital Economy Systems

Leakage of protected data became an acute topic. The system tracking who, where and when has accessed a certain record of such a type of data could be a help in investigating vulnerabilities and weaknesses in defense. Also, it could name and point out responsible staff for the leakage with all legal and justice consequences. The paper considers an approach to build a system to register such kind of facts. The essence is to apply the distributed ledger technology, which is an open data storage. The system allows you to identify users who are trying to retrieve valuable information. At present, a technical and theoretical basis is ready for such solutions. Analysis of the current situation in the area under consideration shows that all the leading players in this segment of the IT market, in parallel with the development of mathematical models and methods of problem-oriented data mining, pay significant attention to the development of special software and hardware tools to support the performance of such tool solutions.

PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI AGAR DAPAT TUMBUH DAN BERKEMBANG SEBAGAI GENERASI BANGSA HARAPAN DI MASA DEPAN

<p><em>Early childhood education for children of pre-school age (3-6 years) is important, because at this age is a period of forming the foundations of the human personality, the ability to think, intelligence, skills and self-reliance and social skills in accordance with the mandate education law.</em></p><p><em> Basically the child's world is a world of fundamental human progress toward a more perfect human adult. It has been realized that the generation is the next generation that needs to be nurtured from an early age, thus fostering early is the responsibility of families, neighborhoods and communities. Thus fostering pre-school age children, especially the role of the family is crucial development.</em></p><p><em> Early childhood is the golden period (golden age) for the development of the child to the educational process. This period is the years of valuable for a child to recognize different kinds of facts on the environment as a stimulus to the development of personality, psychomotor, cognitive and sosialnya.Untuk it for early childhood education in the form of stimuli (stimulation) from the immediate environment is indispensable for optimizing the child's ability.</em></p>

THE UNDERSTANDING OF FACTS IN JUDICIAL PROCESS: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

The importance of understanding the factual reality (fahm al-waqi‘) has been extensively discussed by Muslim jurists in their discussion pertaining to Islamic legal theory. It has been accepted as an important component for the practice of ijtihad and recognized as a valid justification for the renewal of ijtihad. In light of the above, yet in a different setting, the paper discusses the concept of al-da ‘wa and the significance of understanding the fact of a legal dispute (fahm al-da‘wa) in Islamic trial process. It examines the significance of fahm al-da‘wa by the trial judge in the trial process. The study proves that the understanding of the facts of the cases assumes a very critical position in the trial process, the laxity of which will affect the propriety of judicial decisions and thus leading to injustice. Further, the paper argues that the kind of facts that need to be ascertained and understood by the trial judges are not limited to the specific occasions of the cases, rather the general circumstances and the reality of the living conditions of the times need also to be taken into consideration. Finally, the paper avers that the requirement to understand the facts of the cases necessitates a kind of undertaking in the nature of ijtihad which is to be carried out by all judges regardless of their status whether they are mujtahid (jurist) or muqallid (imitator).

Application of Multi Layer Neural Network in Medical Diagnosis: an Efficient Survey

A enormous extent of facts is presently accessible to medical proficient; diverge from information of medical signs to a assortment of varieties of biological facts as well as imaging machines’ results. All kind of facts gives statistics that which is assessed as well as allocated for exacting pathology throughout the investigative procedure. For restructuring the analytical procedure on a day-to-day basis practice and evade misdiagnosis, artificial intelligence techniques (artificial neural networks, computer aided diagnosis) are able to employ. These adaptive learning techniques could be hold different kinds of medicinal facts and amalgamate them into characterized outcomes.In this paper, we have concisely analyzed and deliberated about competencies, philosophy as well as restrictions of ANN in medicinal analysis concluded elected paradigms.

Two Kinds of Soft Facts

The concept of soft facts is crucial for the Ockhamistic analysis of the divine knowledge of future contingents; moreover, this notion is important in itself because it concerns the structure of the facts that depend—in some sense—on other future facts. However, the debate on soft facts is often flawed by the unaware use of two different notions of soft facts. The facts of the first kind are supervenient on temporal facts: By bringing about a temporal fact, the agent can bring about these facts. However, on the one hand, the determination of the existence of these facts does not affect the past; on the other hand, assimilating divine knowledge into this kind of facts does not help the Ockhamist. The authors will argue that, to vindicate Ockhamism, another definition of “soft fact” is necessary, which turns out to be much more demanding from a metaphysical point of view.

Isaac and His Amazing Asperger Superpowers! by M. Walsh

Walsh, Melanie. Isaac and His Amazing Asperger Superpowers! Candlewick Press, 2016.This picture book is designed to help children better understand children who are on the Asperger’s/autism spectrum. Isaac, like many children with Asperger’s Syndrome, has symptoms that include needing to fidget, sensitivity to sound, exceptional memory for certain kinds of facts, and lack of verbal filters. Instead of making these as negative attributes, Melanie Walsh has used the “superhero” concept as a vehicle for their positive presentation. Telling the story in the first person allows Isaac to directly describe for the reader what his life is like. This allows readers to empathize more easily. For example, he says: “Because I’m a superhero, I have lots of things to think about. I try to remember to be friendly and say hello to people I know, but sometimes I forget. I’m not being rude.” The artwork is brightly coloured. The images are simple and easy to understand, so it does not distract from the story. This would be a good book to read out loud and discuss in a class where there is a child with Asperger’s. While it may not exactly represent all children with Asperger’s, it is a good generalization and will help other children be more accepting of others who have these “superhero” behaviours.Highly Recommended: 4 stars out of 4Reviewer: Sean BorleSean Borle is a University of Alberta undergraduate student who is an advocate for child health and safety.

God knows: acquaintance and the nature of divine knowledge

AbstractTheists typically believe that Godknowsall truths. However, accounts of divine omniscience almost always focus on thescopeof God's knowledge or perhaps on whether certain kinds of facts are there to be known by God, such as counterfactuals of creaturely freedom or future contingent facts. Very rarely do these accounts include for analysis thenatureof God's knowledge. In this article, I develop an acquaintance theory of God's knowledge where acquaintance with an epistemic relation that guarantees that the truth of God's beliefs is necessary for knowledge. I argue that this view achieves an ideal way of knowing, worthy of the divine being.

Conscious Thought and the Cognitive Fine-Tuning Problem

Cognitive phenomenalism is the view that occurrent thoughts are identical with, or constituted of, cognitive phenomenology. This paper raises a challenge for (standard forms of) this view: the cognitive fine-tuning problem. In broad brushstrokes the difficulty is that, for the cognitive phenomenalist, there is a distinction between three kinds of fact: cognitive phenomenal facts, sensory phenomenal facts, and functional facts. This distinction gives rise to the challenge of explaining why, in actuality, these three phenomena tend to be matched together in ways that respect norms of rationality. Various solutions to this problem are explored – divine intervention, value-involving laws of nature, or basic capacities to respond to reasons – all of which are wildly at odds with naturalism. If cognitive phenomenalists want their view to be consistent with naturalism, as many do, they must come up with a naturalistic solution to the cognitive fine-tuning problem.