Kind Of Dam Research Articles

The end of penal populism : the rise of populist politics: Koniec populizmu penalnego i rozkwit polityk populistycznych

Penal populism has radically reshaped and reorganised many aspects of punishment in modern society. It has also shifted the emphasis from protecting the rights of individuals from excessive use of the state’s power to punish to using those powers to protect the public from individuals thought to put them at risk. In so doing, it has acted as a kind of dam, holding back the anxieties and uncertainties unleashed by the neo-liberal restructuring of these societies. However, the ascendancy of populist politics indicates that this containment role is ending. The toxic contents that had been stored behind the dam have now spread throughout the social body. This paper argues that the reasons for these developments lie in the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis and the mass movement of people around the globe. As this has occurred, penal populism has taken on a new role. It is incorporated within the broader thrust of populist politics and is used to punish and control its wider sweep of public enemies which it needs to sustain itself.

Method to evaluate the effect of inclination angle of steel open-type check dam on debris flow impact load

Although the latest statistics indicate a decrease in the number of victims of natural disasters in Japan, the number of sediment disasters has increased. A countermeasure against natural disasters is provided by the installation of a steel open-type check dam (hereafter, open Sabo dam). The open Sabo dam is expected to capture boulders (more than 1.0 m in diameter) contained in debris flow of which boulders concentrate in front part. When a debris flow impacts an open Sabo dam, the large impact load on the steel pipes are caused by the impact of boulders under debris flow. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the impact of both boulders and the following soil and small gravels including fluid force of the open Sabo dam from the design point of view. Although an open Sabo dam has various shapes especially, the every open Sabo dams is evaluated by the same design method in Japan. It is necessary to propose the load evaluation method in the experiment scale in contrast with different shape of open Sabo dam. This article presents an experimental approach to determine the effect of the front inclination angle of steel open Sabo dams on the impact load. The debris flow impacts 1/40 scale models of steel open Sabo dams which are set in a flow channel flume, and the debris flow load is measured by using three load cells placed horizontally at the back of the Sabo dam model. Different front inclination angles are set for each Sabo dam models. The time history of the impact load is examined by comparing the loads corresponding to four kinds of dams, which are different from the front inclination angles, and decrease of impact load considering the buffering effect of driftwoods in debris flow.

Influence of Pre-reproductive Maternal Enrichment on Coping Response to Stress and Expression of c-Fos and Glucocorticoid Receptors in Adolescent Offspring

Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental setting broadly used for investigating the effects of complex social, cognitive, and sensorimotor stimulations on brain structure and function. Recent studies point out that parental EE experience, even occurring in the pre-reproductive phase, affects neural development and behavioral trajectories of the offspring. In the present study we investigated the influences of pre-reproductive EE of female rats on maternal behavior and adolescent male offspring's coping response to an inescapable stressful situation after chronic social isolation. For this purpose female Wistar rats were housed from weaning to breeding age in enriched or standard environments. Subsequently, all females were mated and housed in standard conditions until offspring weaning. On the first post partum day (ppd 1), mother-pup interactions in undisturbed conditions were recorded. Further, after weaning the male pups were reared for 2 weeks under social isolation or in standard conditions, and then submitted or not to a single-session Forced Swim Test (FST). Offspring's neuronal activation and plastic changes were identified by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and assessed by using stereological analysis. The biochemical correlates were measured in the hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate cortex, structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation. Enriched dams exhibited increased Crouching levels in comparison to standard reared dams. In the offspring of both kinds of dams, social isolation reduced body weight, decreased Immobility, and increased Swimming during FST. Moreover, isolated offspring of enriched dams exhibited higher levels of Climbing in comparison to controls. Interestingly, in the amygdala of both isolated and control offspring of enriched dams we found a lower number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in response to FST and a higher number of GRs in comparison to the offspring of standard dams. These results highlight the profound influence of a stressful condition, such as the social isolation, on the brain of adolescent rats, and underline intergenerational effects of maternal experiences in regulating the offspring response to stress.

MONITORING OF MASJED-SOLEIMAN EMBANKMENT DAM’S DEFORMATION USING A COMBINATION OF INTERFEROMETRIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (INSAR) AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

The fresh water shortage is one the most important challenges in many countries like Iran. So there have been incentives to manipulate and manage water resources by constructing dams. Clay core embankments are one of the most popular dam structures. A layer of clay can be a reliable obstacle in front of water stream. However, because of the soil’s nature, these kinds of dams have the potential of instability. Thus deformation of clay core dams should be monitored frequently. The aim of this study is to use the combination of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique (InSAR) and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) for dam’s deformation monitoring. For the InSAR analysis we used data from ENVISAT sensor and processed those using Small BAseline Subset (SBAS). We show that InSAR is an invaluable approach to monitor clay core dam’s deformation in specific circumstances. The deformation derived from InSAR was used as an initial condition in Finite Element Modeling. The case study is Masjed Soleiman Dam which is situated in South West of Iran. We used 19 ASAR images of ENVISAT sensor from 2003/8/22 to 2010/5/7. The process of ASAR images showed maximum velocity of 11 mm/year in LOS direction at central lower areas of dam. These results were compared with Geodetic Surveying Operations at four points on dam and the average agreement of 77 percent was obtained. The results of ENVISAT data have a good consistency with FEM results. Horizontal and vertical displacements derived from instrumentations and modeling are plotted versus depths. There is a good agreement between modeling results and instrumentations data.

Research on Detecting Multi-Passage Leakage in Dam by Temperature in Bores

Multi-passage leakage often occurs in earth-dams, the locations of all seepage passages must be located actually to repair the dams absolutely. Fluxs and temperatures of water in passage and in pore of soil are different, so the special temperature distribution of this kind of dam is formed by heat transfer. Locations of concentrated leakage passages are assumed known. Analysis formula for temperature field of the dam with multi-passage leakage is established by that of the dam with single leakage passage. Coordinate is transformed by model of Bursa–Wolf with six parameters. Finally, the mathematic model for detecting multi-passage concentrated leapage in dam by temperature is put forward. In case, plane model for detecting column passage is established by simplifying conditions.

Friction Coefficient (F)-Reynolds Number (Re) Relationship in Non-cohesive Suspended Sediment Laden Flow thorough Pervious Rockfill Dams

Recently pervious rockfill detention dam is used as a flood mitigating structure. Analysis of hydraulics of turbulent flow through this kind of dam is mostly done using Darcy-Weisbach equation. So far, many attempts have been made to study the friction coefficient as a function of Reynolds Number in turbulent flow of clean water through pervious rockfill detention dams, while this subject has remained intact for sediment laden flow of water. In this paper relationship between friction coefficient and Reynolds Number for sediment laden flow through highly pervious rockfill dams was investigated. Required data for a regression analysis obtained by conducting a series of laboratory tests to calibrate and validate a proposed power law friction coefficient-Reynolds Number relationship. A changeable bed slop Plexiglas flume, an adjustable rate sediment feeder and a recirculating flow electro pump system were used in present study. The tests were carried out on four different rectangular laboratory rockfill dams and three different non-cohesive suspended sediments. A power law relationship was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 using two thirds of laboratory measured friction coefficient and Reynolds Number. The obtained relationship was validated employing the remaining unused data with a Mean Square Error of 0.29 which is an acceptable agreement. A new power law relationship was found between friction coefficient and Reynolds Number in sediment laden flow through pervious rockfill dams. This new relationship is the only one thus has been proposed for the sediment laden flow of water through pervious rockfill dams.

Sex-Linked Reduction of Body Size in Golden Sebright Bantams

Sires heterozygous for Z sex chromosome replicates from two Golden Sebright Bantam cocks and one broiler-type male were mated to Leghorn and 1/4 Sebright dams. The sex chromosome of the broiler-type male was marked by the genes K and Id. The sex chromosomes of the Sebright Bantams were marked by the k and id genes.The K daughters of the Leghorn dams were statistically heavier than their k sisters (P<0.01) at 8 and 16 weeks of age, while the K daughters of the 1/4 Sebright dams were heavier than their k sisters (P<0.05) only at 24 weeks of age. Mature shank lengths of K daughters from both kinds of dams were significantly longer (P<0.01) than those of their k sisters. The weights and shank lengths of Id daughters of the Leghorn dams were similar to those of their id sisters.The differences between the 8-week body weights of slow and rapid feathering brothers were statistically significant for the sons of the Leghorn dams (P<0.01) and for the sons of the 1/4 Sebright dams (P<0.05). Sex dimorphism for body weight at 8 weeks of age was higher among the rapid feathering progeny of the Leghorn dams, the males being 36% heavier than their sisters.The data presented give additional evidence that a recessive sex-linked gene near the K locus is responsible for part of the small body size in the Sebright Bantams. It is suggested that this “bantam gene” is possibly an allele of the dw gene and the symbols dw+ an d dwB are proposed for the normal and bantam alleles.

Irrigation Systems of the Former Sind Province, West Pakistan

-T HE lower Indus Valley, West Pakistan, comprising the former Sind Province' and Khairpur State, is a predominantly agricultural area in which almost 90 per cent of the cultivated acreage is irrigated.2 Water is supplied from the Indus River through earthen canals used at the field level in a form of basin irrigation. The old irrigation systems, some of which are still in use, provide water directly from the river without any kind of dam. However, with two large dams completed, the Lloyd, or Sukkur, in 1932 and the Lower Sind in 1955, and with a third, the Gudu, planned for completion in 1962, all the major canal systems will eventually lead from one or another of these three dams. The changes that will result when the dam and canal projects are fully completed will be important to Pakistan. New land will be irrigated, and the water supply will become more dependable in the areas already under irrigation. An understanding of the existing patterns of irrigation, especially those similar to the ones now being extended, is needed to provide a background for interpretation of the changes that are and will be taking place. To this end, the study that follows deals with irrigation in the former Sind (Fig. 1), with special emphasis on present water use in an area irrigated from the Sukkur Barrage. The name Sind as used here includes Khairpur State as well as the former province. Sind is neither the most productive nor the most populous area of Pakistan. Yet it is an area of importance, in which the expansion of irrigation facilities offers a potential for meeting some of the country's needed increase in food and fiber production. Within West Pakistan, where 43 million people now live (1961), 75-80 per cent of them dependent on agriculture, 22 million of the 30 million acres cultivated annually are irrigated. In the Punjab plains to the north of Sind irrigation works were rapidly expanded between 1850 and 1930, and in 1951-1952 the Punjab contained 55 per cent of West Pakistan's irrigated land. In 1961 population density in the Punjab was 372 people