Kind Of Circle Research Articles

Enhanced Algorithm for Modular Isomorphism Problem Resolution in Small Group Orders

In this paper, we propose an enhanced algorithmic approach for resolving the Modular Isomorphism Problem (MIP) for groups of small orders. Building upon Eick's algorithm, our improvement obviates the need for computing the full augmentation ideal, thereby significantly enhancing computational efficiency. Through our computations, we provide affirmative resolutions to the MIP for groups of order 37 and substantially reduce the computational burden for groups of order 56. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive analysis of the recent counterexamples to the MIP discovered by García-Lucas, Margolis, and del Río, demonstrating that these counterexamples represent the sole instances of 2- or 3-generated counterexamples of order 29. Additionally, we offer a rigorous proof for an observation by Bagiński, which aids in the elimination of computationally challenging cases. Our research not only advances the theoretical understanding of the MIP but also provides practical tools for its resolution in small group orders.In this article, as a network manager, we're concerned with setting up means of access control, and to do this, we have to square a kind of circle : simplicity for the user, reliability of the mechanisms, high level of security, all while using available standards as much as possible.

Enhanced Algorithm for Modular Isomorphism Problem Resolution in Small Group Orders

Radius centralizes logins and passwords. This is a server protocol. It should be noted that the server, Radius, manages authentication for clients, routers and switches. Radius is simply a remote authentication protocol used to centralize authentication data and manage user connections to remote services. This protocol relies primarily on a server (DARIUS server), linked to an identification base (database, LDAP directory, etc.). A Radius client, called NAS (Network Access Server), acting as intermediary between the end-user and the server. All transactions between the Radius client and the server are encrypted. It works on the basis of a scenario similar to : a user sends a request to the NAS to authorize a remote connection. The NAS in turn forwards the request to the Radius server. The latter consults the requested identification database to find out the type of identification scenario requested for the user. Either the current scenario is suitable, or another identification method is requested from the user. This protocol thus returns one of the four responses we'll discuss in the rest of this article : ACCEPT : identification successful, REJECT : identification failed, CHALLENGE : the Radius server requests additional information from the user and proposes a challenge. Following the above authentication phase, an authentication phase begins, in which the server returns the user's authorizations. In this article, as a network manager, we're concerned with setting up means of access control, and to do this, we have to square a kind of circle : simplicity for the user, reliability of the mechanisms, high level of security, all while using available standards as much as possible.

On a conjecture of L.\xa0Fejes\xa0T\xf3th and J.\xa0Moln\xe1r about circle coverings of the plane

Tóth and Molnár (Math Nachr 18:235–243, 1958) formulated the conjecture that for a given homogeneity q the thinnest covering of the Euclidean plane by arbitrary circles is greater or equal a function S(q). Florian (Rend Semin Mat Univ Padova 31:77–86, 1961) proved that if the covering consists of only two kinds of circles then the conjecture is true supposed that S(q)le S(1/q) what can be easily verified by a computer. In this paper we consider the general case of circles with arbitrary radii from an interval of the reals. We set up two further functions M_0(q) and M_1(q) and prove that the conjecture is true if S(q) is less than or equal to S(1 / q), M_0(q) and M_1(q). As in the case of two kinds of circles this can be readily confirmed by computer calculations. (For qge 0.6 we even do not need the function M_1(q) for computer aided comparisons.) Moreover, we obtain Florian’s result in a shorter different way.

An efficient circle detector not relying on edge detection

Accurate and efficient detection of circular modules fixed on non-cooperative target is a key technology for Tethered Space Robot. This paper presents an efficient circle detector based on region-growing of gradient and histogram distribution of Euclidean distance. Region-growing of gradient is applied to generate arc support regions from single point. And the corresponding square fitting areas are defined to accelerate the detection and decrease storage. A histogram is then used to count frequency of the distances that participates in the accumulator and the parameters of each circle are acquired. Finally, a verification strategy of circular integrity is designed to test the detection results. We have tested our algorithm on 35 images dealing with kinds of circles and ellipses. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to detect circular objects under occlusion, image noises and moderate shape deformations with a good precision.

Kantian Ethics in Gulliver’s Travels : Are the Houyhnhnms Role Models?

Kantian Ethics in Gulliver’s Travels:Are the Houyhnhnms Role Models? Janelle Pötzsch The aim of Immanuel Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals is to ascertain and justify the categorical imperative.1 I will concentrate on the third part of the Groundwork. Here, Kant wants to show why the categorical imperative is binding for us. The purpose of this part of the Groundwork is to show that we have the faculty of practical reasoning—that we are able to establish ends independent of sensual impulses. I Before taking the pains of establishing and justifying the moral principle, Kant has to clarify why it should be binding for human beings. After all, it could be possible that man cannot act autonomously because he is a slave of his passions / genes / brain structures. The categorical imperative applies only to beings whose actions stem from their own free will. According to Kant, a free will is the “ability to control how [one] behaves in conformity with the representation of certain laws” (GMM, p. 28). Therefore, only rational beings have a free will, for only they can act according to self-assigned laws (recall the Greek roots of “autonomy”: autos, self; nomos, law). In other words, rational beings can act autonomously and hence are free. Kant contrasts this kind of causality with absolute necessity, which is the causality of unreasoning beings—of creatures that cannot act autonomously because they are completely bound by their biological necessities and urges. However, Kant points out that even though rational beings act freely, this doesn’t mean that their will is anarchical. After all, autonomy is the [End Page 259] causality of reasonable beings, and causality implies the law of cause and consequence. Kant underlines: “Although freedom is not a property of the will according to laws of nature, it doesn’t follow that freedom is lawless!… The ‘concept’ of lawless free-will would be an absurdity” (GMM, p. 41). The freedom of the will consists in its autonomy—its “property of itself being a law” (GMM, p. 41). Kant reminds us that the locution “the will itself is a law in all its actions” denotes the formulation of the categorical imperative: “Act only on a maxim that can also have itself as a universal law for its object” (p. 41, emphasis in original). He concludes: “Therefore a free will and a will under moral laws are identical.” Hence, to assume a free will ultimately leads to the moral principle. II So far, Kant has only shown why and to what extent the moral principle is binding for autonomous beings. On what grounds could man be ranked among them? In that respect, Kant proves himself quite pragmatic: to avoid giving a theoretical proof of man’s free will (an issue that is still unsolved), he proves it practically, and declares: “Any being who can’t act otherwise than under the idea of freedom is, just for that reason, really free in his conduct—i.e. all laws that are inseparably bound up with freedom hold for him just as if his will were validly pronounced free in itself as a matter of theoretical philosophy” (GMM, p. 42). Assuming that we are free has the same consequences for our moral conduct as if we were free. This is a necessary condition for us, as human beings, to legitimately claim that we have a will of our own. If we didn’t, we would have to suppose that our moral judgment doesn’t stem from reason, but from mere impulse. This, however, runs counter to the way we see ourselves. We therefore have to consider ourselves as free agents. To summarize, Kant claims that we have to follow the categorical imperative because we are free, and that we are free because we are able to develop moral principles like the categorical imperative. Kant concedes that this does indeed sound strange: “It has to be admitted that there is a kind of circle here from which there seems to be no escape. We take ourselves to be free in the order of effective causes so that we can think of ourselves as subject to moral laws...

Trajectory Tracking Control of Unconstrained Object Using the SIRMs Dynamically Connected Fuzzy Inference Model

A trajectory tracking experiment system taking an unconstrained table-tennis ball as the control object is constructed, and a fuzzy controller based on the SIRMs dynamically connected fuzzy inference model is proposed. For each of the three input items of the fuzzy controller, a SIRM (Single Input Rule Module) is established and an importance degree is defined. Especially for the input item corresponding to ball velocity, its importance degree is tuned dynamically according to moving conditions. The summation of the products of the importance degree and the fuzzy inference result of the SIRMs is calculated to control the angles of a table, making the ball on the table move along a desired trajectory. A virtual spiral asymptotic trajectory is also introduced to give the object an adequate desired position at each sampling time. Tracking experiment results for three kinds of circles and one kind of ellipses show that in more than 80% of the experiments performed under the SIRMs dynamically connected fuzzy inference model, the maximum tracking error is smaller than 0.05m and the unevenness of the sampling steps necessary for each round is very small. Compared with conventional fuzzy controller, the SIRMs dynamically connected fuzzy inference model is proved to be effective in tracking control of unconstrained objects.

Covering the plane with two kinds of circles

A sharp lower bound is given for the density of a covering of the plane with two kinds of circles

Graphical tools for designing low‐noise microwave amplifiers with requirements on the input VSWR

AbstractTwo novel kinds of circles on the Smith chart are introduced, which allow, in designing low‐noise microwave amplifiers, taking into account the level of the input match. Outlines of design procedures for using these circles are also given.

新旧住民の利用からみた集会所および公民館の性格 : 混住地域における居住環境整備の課題 その2

In area where newcomers and natives are highly mixed up we investigated the present state of utilization of meeting places and public halls by newcomers and natives. The meeting places in town-block association, consisting of mostly natives, are used for various activities of locality groups in town-block association. Since these groups are mainly composed of natives and few newcomers join them, it goes necessarily that the meeting places are utilized mainly by natives and most of the newcomers don't have contact with them. The meeting places in town-block association consisting of only newcomers are very often used by many functional groups such as various circles or children's private schools. Particular people belonging to such circles rather often use them, however, other habitants have rare contact with them. On the other hand, public halls have been enlarged in their size in response to the population increase and located as the central facilities. Lending halls holds high rate, which offers.place to many kinds of circles mainly composed of newcomers. The rate of holding events sponsored by public halls is comparatively low and those who join them are mostly natives, especially old people. Both institutions don't work effectively enough as a place of association for newcomers and natives. It is necessary to realize public institutions which have middle feature between meeting places in town-block association and public halls as the central facilities.